Astronaut Fact Book
The NASA Astronaut Fact Book provides information on the 360 explorers who have been selected as astronauts since NASA's first class in 1959.
Encyclopedia
Updated Apr 9, 2024
NASA spacewalker Frank Rubio is pictured during a spacewalk tethered to the International Space Station during an orbital sunset.
Contents
- 1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS
- 2.0 Biographical Sketches
- 3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS
- 4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR
- 5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES
- 6.0 NASA ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES
- 7.0 ASTRONAUTS' SCOUTING RECORDS
- 8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS
- 9.0 U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG
Preface
NASA selected the first group of astronauts in 1959. From 500 candidates having the required jet aircraft flight experience and engineering training, as well as height below 5 feet 11 inches, seven military men became the nation’s first astronauts. The second and third groups chosen included civilians with extensive flying experience. By 1964, requirements changed, and emphasis was placed on academic qualifications; in 1965, six scientist astronauts were selected from a group of 400 applicants who had a doctorate or equivalent experience in the natural sciences, medicine, or engineering. The group named in 1978, NASA Class 8, was the first of the space shuttle flight crews and the first class with women and minority astronauts. In 2013, the astronaut class was fifty percent women and fifty percent men.
The most recent astronaut candidate group named in December 2021, NASA Class 23, graduated in March 2024 and are now training for a variety of missions, including performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and departing for missions to the Moon with Artemis. The 2021 astronaut candidate class came from more than 12,000 applications. More information about NASA’s astronauts can be found at www.nasa.gov/astronauts.
Since inception, NASA has selected 360 astronaut candidates: 299 men, 61 women; 212 military, 138 civilians; 191 pilots, 159 non-pilots.
As of July 2024, there are 48 active astronauts, 13 management astronauts, and 330 former astronauts or payload specialists, including those who have left NASA, and those who are deceased.
The spaceflights and statistics listed in this publication resulted from the vertical takeoff of an American space vehicle or Soyuz taxi flight to the International Space Station.
Astronauts listed (unless otherwise noted) are individuals who participated in the United States astronaut program. Additionally, the payload specialist is a professional in the physical or life sciences or a technician skilled in specific equipment or experimentation that will fly. Selection of a payload specialist for a mission is made by the payload sponsor or customer. For NASA-sponsored spacecraft or experiments requiring a payload specialist, the specialist is nominated by an investigator working group and approved by NASA. Payload specialists for major non-NASA payloads or experiments are selected by the sponsoring organization. Payload specialists do not have to be U.S. citizens. However, they must meet strict NASA health and physical fitness standards. These individuals are included in the “Biographical Sketches.”
NASA selects astronauts from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds. From the thousands of applications received, only a few are chosen for the intensive astronaut candidate training program. For more information on astronaut selection, please check online at www.nasa.gov/astronauts for the latest information.
Astronaut biographies can be found online at: https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts.
Astronaut biographies can be found online at: https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts
Table of Contents
- 1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS
- 2.0 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
- 3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS
- 4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR
- 5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES
- 6.0 ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES
- 7.0 ASTRONAUTS’ SCOUTING RECORDS
- 8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS
- 9.0 U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG
1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS
NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Hammock Koch, and CSA astronaut Jeremy Hansen were announced Monday, April 3 as the four astronauts who will venture around the Moon on Artemis II, the first crewed mission on NASA’s path to establishing a long-term presence at the Moon for science and exploration through Artemis. The crew assignments are as follows: Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover, Mission Specialist 1 Christina Koch, Mission Specialist 2 Jeremy Hansen. PHOTOGRAPHER: Josh Valcarcel
| Astronaut | Entry Year | Group | # of flights | STATUS |
| Acaba, Joseph M. | 2004 | 19 | 3 | Management |
| Acton, Loren W. | 1978 | 8 | 1 | Former |
| Adamson, James C. | 1984 | 10 | 2 | Former |
| Akers, Thomas D. | 1987 | 12 | 4 | Former |
| Aldrin, Buzz | 1963 | 3 | 2 | Former |
| Allen, Andrew M. | 1987 | 12 | 3 | Former |
| Allen, Joseph P. | 1967 | 6 | 2 | Former |
| Altman, Scott D. | 1995 | 15 | 4 | Former |
| Anders, William A. | 1963 | 3 | 1 | Deceased |
| Anderson, Clayton C. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Anderson, Michael P. | 1995 | 15 | 2 | Deceased |
| Antonelli, Dominic A. | 2000 | 18 | 2 | Former |
| Apt, Jerome, III | 1985 | 11 | 4 | Former |
| Archambault, Lee J. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Armstrong, Neil A. | 1962 | 2 | 2 | Deceased |
| Arnold, Richard R., II | 2004 | 19 | 2 | Management |
| Ashby, Jeffrey S. | 1995 | 15 | 3 | Former |
| Auñón-Chancellor, Serena M. | 2009 | 20 | 1 | Management |
| Ayers, Nichole | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Bagian, James P. | 1980 | 9 | 2 | Former |
| Baker, Ellen S. | 1984 | 10 | 3 | Former |
| Baker, Michael A. | 1985 | 11 | 4 | Former |
| Barratt, Michael R. | 2000 | 18 | 3 | Active |
| Barron, Kayla | 2017 | 22 | 1 | Active |
| Bartoe, John-David F. | 1985 | 11 | 1 | Former |
| Barry, Daniel T. | 1992 | 14 | 3 | Former |
| Bassett, Charles A., II | 1963 | 3 | 0 | Deceased |
| Bean, Alan L. | 1963 | 3 | 2 | Deceased |
| Behnken, Robert L. | 2000 | 18 | 3 | Former |
| Berríos, Marcos G. | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Birch, M. Christina | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Blaha, John E. | 1980 | 9 | 5 | Former |
| Bloomfield, Michael J. | 1995 | 15 | 3 | Former |
| Bluford, Guion S., Jr. | 1978 | 8 | 4 | Former |
| Bobko, Karol J. | 1969 | 7 | 3 | Deceased |
| Boe, Eric A. | 2000 | 18 | 2 | Active |
| Bolden, Charles F., Jr. | 1080 | 9 | 4 | Former |
| Borman, Frank | 1962 | 2 | 2 | Deceased |
| Bowen, Stephen G. | 2000 | 18 | 4 | Active |
| Bowersox, Kenneth D. | 1987 | 12 | 5 | Management |
| Brady, Charles E., Jr. | 1992 | 14 | 1 | Deceased |
| Brand, Vance D. | 1966 | 5 | 4 | Former |
| Brandenstein, Daniel C. | 1978 | 8 | 4 | Former |
| Bresnik, Randolph J. | 2004 | 19 | 2 | Active |
| Bridges, Roy D., Jr. | 1980 | 9 | 1 | Former |
| Brown, Curtis L., Jr. | 1987 | 12 | 6 | Former |
| Brown, David M. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Deceased |
| Brown, Mark N. | 1984 | 10 | 2 | Former |
| Buchli, James F. | 1978 | 8 | 4 | Former |
| Burnham, Deniz M. | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Bull, John S. | 1966 | 5 | 0 | Deceased |
| Burbank, Daniel C. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Former |
| Bursch, Daniel W. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Cabana, Robert D. | 1985 | 11 | 4 | Former |
| Cagle, Yvonne D. | 1996 | 16 | 0 | Management |
| Caldeiro, Fernando | 1996 | 16 | 0 | Deceased |
| Camarda, Charles J. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Former |
| Cameron, Kenneth D. | 1984 | 10 | 3 | Former |
| Cardman, Zena | 2017 | 22 | 0 | Active |
| Carey, Duane G. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Former |
| Carpenter, M. Scott | 1959 | 1 | 1 | Deceased |
| Carr, Gerald P. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Deceased |
| Carter, Manley Lanier, Jr. | 1984 | 10 | 1 | Deceased |
| Casper, John H. | 1984 | 10 | 4 | Former |
| Cassada, Josh A. | 2013 | 21 | 1 | Active |
| Cassidy, Christopher J. | 2004 | 19 | 3 | Former |
| Cernan, Eugene A. | 1963 | 3 | 3 | Deceased |
| Chaffee, Roger B. | 1963 | 3 | 0 | Deceased |
| Chamitoff, Gregory E. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. | 1980 | 9 | 7 | Former |
| Chapman, Philip K. | 1967 | 6 | 0 | Deceased |
| Chari, Raja | 2017 | 22 | 1 | Active |
| Chawla, Kalpana | 1995 | 15 | 2 | Deceased |
| Chiao, Leroy | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Chilton, Kevin P. | 1987 | 12 | 3 | Former |
| Clark, Laurel B. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Deceased |
| Cleave, Mary L. | 1980 | 9 | 2 | Deceased |
| Clifford, Michael R. | 1990 | 13 | 3 | Deceased |
| Coats, Michael L. | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| Cockrell, Kenneth D. | 1990 | 13 | 5 | Former |
| Coleman, Catherine G. | 1992 | 14 | 3 | Former |
| Collins, Eileen M. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Collins, Michael | 1963 | 3 | 2 | Deceased |
| Conrad, Charles, Jr. | 1962 | 2 | 4 | Deceased |
| Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr. | 1959 | 1 | 2 | Deceased |
| Covey, Richard O. | 1978 | 8 | 4 | Former |
| Creamer, Timothy J. | 1998 | 17 | 1 | Management |
| Creighton, John O. | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| Crippen, Robert L. | 1969 | 7 | 4 | Former |
| Culbertson, Frank L., Jr. | 1984 | 10 | 3 | Former |
| Cunningham, Walter | 1963 | 3 | 1 | Deceased |
| Curbeam, Robert L., Jr. | 1995 | 15 | 3 | Former |
| Currie-Gregg, Nancy J. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Davis, N. Jan | 1987 | 12 | 3 | Former |
| Delaney, Luke | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Dominick, Matthew | 2017 | 22 | 0 | Active |
| Douglas, Andre | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Drew, Alvin B., Jr. | 2000 | 18 | 2 | Management |
| Duffy, Brian | 1985 | 11 | 4 | Former |
| Duke, Charles M., Jr. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Former |
| Dunbar, Bonnie J. | 1980 | 9 | 5 | Former |
| Dutton, James P., Jr. | 2004 | 19 | 1 | Former |
| Dyson, Tracy C. | 1998 | 17 | 3 | Active |
| Edwards, Joe F., Jr. | 1995 | 15 | 1 | Former |
| Eisele, Donn F. | 1963 | 3 | 1 | Deceased |
| England, Anthony W. | 1967 | 6 | 1 | Former |
| Engle, Joe H. | 1966 | 5 | 2 | Deceased |
| Epps, Jeanette J. | 2009 | 20 | 0 | Active |
| Evans, Ronald E., Jr. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Deceased |
| Fabian, John M. | 1978 | 8 | 2 | Former |
| Ferguson, Christopher J. | 1998 | 17 | 3 | Former |
| Feustel, Andrew J. | 2000 | 18 | 3 | Former |
| Fincke, E. Michael | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Active |
| Fischer, Jack D. | 2009 | 20 | 1 | Former |
| Fisher, Anna L. | 1978 | 8 | 1 | Former |
| Fisher, William F. | 1980 | 9 | 1 | Former |
| Foale, C. Michael | 1987 | 12 | 6 | Former |
| Ford, Kevin A. | 2000 | 18 | 2 | Former |
| Foreman, Michael J. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Forrester, Patrick G. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Management |
| Fossum, Michael E. | 1998 | 17 | 3 | Former |
| Freeman, Theodore C. | 1963 | 3 | 0 | Deceased |
| Frick, Stephen N. | 1996 | 16 | 2 | Former |
| Fullerton, Charles G. | 1969 | 7 | 2 | Deceased |
| Garan, Ronald J., Jr. | 2000 | 18 | 2 | Former |
| Gardner, Dale A. | 1978 | 8 | 2 | Deceased |
| Gardner, Guy S. | 1980 | 9 | 2 | Former |
| Garriott, Owen K. | 1965 | 4 | 2 | Deceased |
| Gemar, Charles D. | 1985 | 11 | 3 | Former |
| Gernhardt, Michael L. | 1992 | 14 | 4 | Former |
| Gibson, Edward G. | 1965 | 4 | 1 | Former |
| Gibson, Robert L. | 1978 | 8 | 5 | Former |
| Givens, Edward G., Jr. | 1966 | 5 | 0 | Deceased |
| Glenn, John H., Jr. | 1959 | 1 | 2 | Deceased |
| Glover, Victor J. | 2013 | 21 | 1 | Active |
| Godwin, Linda M. | 1985 | 11 | 4 | Former |
| Good, Michael T. | 2000 | 18 | 2 | Former |
| Gordon, Richard F., Jr. | 1963 | 3 | 2 | Deceased |
| Gorie, Dominic L. | 1995 | 15 | 4 | Former |
| Grabe, Ronald J. | 1980 | 9 | 4 | Former |
| Graveline, Duane E. | 1965 | 4 | 0 | Deceased |
| Gregory, Frederick D. | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| Gregory, William G. | 1990 | 13 | 1 | Former |
| Griggs, S. David | 1978 | 8 | 1 | Decased |
| Grissom, Virgil I. | 1959 | 1 | 2 | Deceased |
| Grunsfeld, John M. | 1992 | 14 | 5 | Former |
| Gutierrez, Sidney M. | 1984 | 10 | 2 | Former |
| Hague, Tyler N. | 2013 | 21 | 1 | Active |
| Haise, Fred W., Jr. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Former |
| Halsell, James D., Jr. | 1990 | 13 | 5 | Former |
| Ham, Kenneth T. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Hammond, L. Blaine, Jr. | 1984 | 10 | 2 | Former |
| Harbaugh, Gregory J. | 1987 | 12 | 4 | Former |
| Harris, Bernard A., Jr. | 1990 | 13 | 2 | Former |
| Hart, Terry J. | 1978 | 8 | 1 | Former |
| Hartsfield, Henry W., Jr. | 1969 | 7 | 3 | Deceased |
| Hathaway, Jack | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Hauck, Frederick H. | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| Hawley, Steven A. | 1978 | 8 | 5 | Former |
| Helms, Susan J. | 1990 | 13 | 5 | Former |
| Henize, Karl G. | 1967 | 6 | 1 | Deceased |
| Henricks, Terence T. | 1985 | 11 | 4 | Former |
| Hernandez, Jose M. | 2004 | 19 | 1 | Former |
| Herrington, John B. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Former |
| Hieb, Richard J. | 1985 | 11 | 3 | Former |
| Higginbotham, Joan E. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Former |
| Hilmers, David C. | 1980 | 9 | 4 | Former |
| Hines, Robert T. | 2017 | 22 | 1 | Active |
| Hire, Kathryn P. | 1995 | 15 | 2 | Former |
| Hobaugh, Charles O. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Former |
| Hoburg, Warren | 2017 | 22 | 1 | Active |
| Hoffman, Jeffrey A. | 1978 | 8 | 5 | Former |
| Holmquest, Donald L. | 1967 | 6 | 0 | Former |
| Hopkins, Michael S. | 2009 | 20 | 2 | Former |
| Horowitz, Scott J. | 1992 | 14 | 4 | Former |
| Hurley, Douglas G. | 2000 | 18 | 3 | Former |
| Husband, Rick D. | 1995 | 15 | 2 | Deceased |
| Irwin, James B. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Deceased |
| Ivins, Marsha S. | 1984 | 10 | 5 | Former |
| Jemison, Mae C. | 1987 | 12 | 1 | Former |
| Jernigan, Tamara E. | 1985 | 11 | 5 | Former |
| Jett, Brent W. | 1992 | 14 | 4 | Former |
| Johnson, Gregory C. | 1998 | 17 | 1 | Former |
| Johnson, Gregory H. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Jones, Thomas D. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Kavandi, Janet L. | 1995 | 15 | 3 | Former |
| Kelly, James M. | 1996 | 16 | 2 | Management |
| Kelly, Mark E. | 1996 | 16 | 4 | Former |
| Kelly, Scott J. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Former |
| Kerwin, Joseph P. | 1965 | 4 | 1 | Former |
| Kilrain (Still), Susan L. | 1995 | 15 | 2 | Former |
| Kim, Jonny | 2017 | 22 | 0 | Active |
| Kimbrough, Robert Shane | 2004 | 19 | 3 | Former |
| Koch, Christina Hammock | 2013 | 21 | 1 | Active |
| Kopra, Timothy L. | 2000 | 18 | 1 | Former |
| Kregel, Kevin R. | 1992 | 14 | 4 | Former |
| Lawrence, Wendy B. | 1992 | 14 | 4 | Former |
| Lee, Mark C. | 1984 | 10 | 4 | Former |
| Leestma, David C. | 1980 | 9 | 3 | Former |
| Lenoir, William B. | 1967 | 6 | 1 | Deceased |
| Lind, Don L. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Deceased |
| Lindgren, Kjell N. | 2009 | 20 | 2 | Active |
| Lindsey, Steven W. | 1995 | 15 | 5 | Former |
| Linenger, Jerry M. | 1992 | 14 | 2 | Former |
| Linnehan, Richard M. | 1992 | 14 | 4 | Management |
| Llewellyn, John A. | 1967 | 6 | 0 | Deceased |
| Lockhart, Paul S. | 1996 | 16 | 2 | Former |
| Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. | 1992 | 14 | 3 | Former |
| Loria, Christopher J. | 1996 | 16 | 0 | Former |
| Lounge, J. Mike | 1980 | 9 | 3 | Deceased |
| Lousma, Jack R. | 1966 | 5 | 2 | Former |
| Love, Stanley G. | 1998 | 17 | 1 | Management |
| Lovell, James A., Jr. | 1962 | 2 | 4 | Former |
| Low, G. David | 1984 | 10 | 3 | Deceased |
| Lu, Edward T. | 1995 | 15 | 3 | Former |
| Lucid, Shannon W. | 1978 | 8 | 5 | Former |
| Magnus, Sandra H. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Former |
| Mann, Nicole Aunapu | 2013 | 21 | 1 | Active |
| Marshburn, Thomas H. | 2004 | 19 | 3 | Former |
| Massimino, Michael J. | 1996 | 16 | 2 | Former |
| Mastracchio, Richard A. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Former |
| Mattingly, Thomas K., II | 1966 | 5 | 3 | Deceased |
| McArthur, K. Megan | 2000 | 18 | 2 | Active |
| McArthur, William S., Jr. | 1990 | 3 | 4 | Former |
| McBride, Jon A. | 1978 | 8 | 1 | Former |
| McCandless, Bruce, II | 1966 | 5 | 2 | Deceased |
| McClain, Anne C. | 2013 | 21 | 1 | Active |
| McCool, William C. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Deceased |
| McCulley, Michael J. | 1984 | 10 | 1 | Former |
| McDivitt, James A. | 1984 | 2 | 2 | Deceased |
| McMonagle, Donald R. | 1987 | 12 | 3 | Former |
| McNair, Ronald E. | 1978 | 8 | 1 | Deceased |
| Meade, Carl J. | 1985 | 11 | 3 | Former |
| Meir, Jessica U. | 2013 | 21 | 1 | Active |
| Melnick, Bruce E. | 1987 | 12 | 2 | Former |
| Melroy, Pamela A. | 1995 | 15 | 3 | Management |
| Melvin, Leland D. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Menon, Anil S. | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Metcalf-Lindenburger, Dorothy | 2004 | 19 | 1 | Former |
| Michel, F. Curtis | 1965 | 4 | 0 | Deceased |
| Mitchell, Edgar D. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Deceased |
| Moghbeli, Jasmin | 2017 | 22 | 1 | Active |
| Morgan, Andrew R. | 2013 | 21 | 1 | Active |
| Morgan, Barbara R. | 1998 | 17 | 1 | Former |
| Morin, Lee M. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Management |
| Mullane, Richard M. | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| Musgrave, Story | 1967 | 6 | 6 | Former |
| Nagel, Steven R. | 1978 | 8 | 4 | Deceased |
| Nelson, George D. | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| Newman, James H. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Noriega, Carlos I. | 1995 | 15 | 2 | Former |
| Nowak, Lisa M. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Former |
| Nyberg, Karen L. | 2000 | 18 | 1 | Former |
| O’Connor, Bryan D. | 1980 | 9 | 2 | Former |
| O’Hara, Loral | 2017 | 22 | 1 | Active |
| O’Leary, Brian T. | 1967 | 6 | 0 | Deceased |
| Ochoa, Ellen | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Oefelein, William A. | 1998 | 17 | 1 | Former |
| Olivas, John D. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Onizuka, Ellison S. | 1978 | 8 | 1 | Deceased |
| Oswald, Stephen S. | 1985 | 11 | 3 | Former |
| Overmyer, Robert F. | 1969 | 7 | 2 | Deceased |
| Parazynski, Scott E. | 1992 | 14 | 5 | Former |
| Parker, Robert A. | 1967 | 6 | 2 | Former |
| Patrick, Nicholas J.M. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Peterson, Donald H. | 1969 | 7 | 1 | Deceased |
| Pettit, Donald R. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Active |
| Phillips, John L. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Former |
| Pogue, William R. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Deceased |
| Poindexter, Alan G. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Deceased |
| Polansky, Mark L. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Former |
| Precourt, Charles J. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Readdy, WIlliam F. | 1987 | 12 | 3 | Former |
| Reightler, Kenneth S., Jr. | 1987 | 12 | 2 | Former |
| Reilly, James F., II | 1995 | 15 | 3 | Former |
| Reisman, Garrett E. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Resnik, Judith A. | 1978 | 8 | 1 | Deceased |
| Richards, Paul W. | 1996 | 16 | 1 | Former |
| Richards, Richard N. | 1980 | 9 | 4 | Former |
| Ride, Sally K. | 1978 | 8 | 2 | Deceased |
| Robertson, Patricia Hilliard | 1998 | 17 | 0 | Deceased |
| Robinson, Stephen K. | 1995 | 15 | 4 | Former |
| Rominger, Kent V. | 1992 | 14 | 5 | Former |
| Roosa, Stuart A. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Deceased |
| Ross, Jerry L. | 1980 | 9 | 7 | Former |
| Rubins, Kathleen (Kate) | 2009 | 20 | 2 | Active |
| Rubio, Frank | 2017 | 22 | 1 | Active |
| Runco, Mario, Jr. | 1987 | 12 | 3 | Former |
| Satcher, Robert L., Jr. | 2004 | 19 | 1 | Former |
| Schirra, Walter M., Jr. | 1959 | 1 | 3 | Deceased |
| Schmitt, Harrison H. | 1965 | 4 | 1 | Former |
| Schweickart, Russell L. | 1963 | 3 | 1 | Former |
| Scobee, Francis R. | 1978 | 8 | 1 | Deceased |
| Scott, David R. | 1963 | 3 | 3 | Former |
| Scott, Winston E. | 1992 | 14 | 2 | Former |
| Searfoss, Richard A. | 1990 | 13 | 3 | Deceased |
| Seddon, Margaret Rhea | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| See, Elliot M., Jr. | 1962 | 2 | 0 | Deceased |
| Sega, Ronald M. | 1990 | 13 | 2 | Former |
| Sellers, Piers J. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Deceased |
| Shaw, Brewster H., Jr. | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| Shepard, Alan B., Jr. | 1959 | 1 | 2 | Deceased |
| Shepherd, William M. | 1984 | 10 | 4 | Former |
| Shriver, Loren J. | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| Slayton, Donald K. | 1959 | 1 | 1 | Deceased |
| Smith, Michael J. | 1980 | 9 | 0 | Deceased |
| Smith, Steven L. | 1992 | 14 | 4 | Former |
| Spring, Sherwood C. | 1980 | 9 | 1 | Former |
| Springer, Robert C. | 1980 | 9 | 2 | Former |
| Stafford, Thomas P. | 1962 | 2 | 4 | Former |
| Stefanyshyn-Piper, H. M. | 1996 | 16 | 2 | Former |
| Stewert, Robert L. | 1978 | 8 | 2 | Former |
| Scott, Nicole P. | 2000 | 18 | 2 | Former |
| Sturckow, Frederick W. | 1995 | 15 | 4 | Former |
| Sullivan, Kathryn D. | 1978 | 8 | 3 | Former |
| Swanson, Steven R. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
| Swigert, John L., Jr. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Deceased |
| Tani, Daniel M. | 1996 | 16 | 2 | Former |
| Tanner, Joseph R. | 1992 | 14 | 4 | Former |
| Thagard, Norman E. | 1978 | 8 | 5 | Former |
| Thomas, Andrew S. W. | 1992 | 14 | 4 | Former |
| Thomas, Donald A. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Thorne, Stephen D. | 1985 | 11 | 0 | Deceased |
| Thornton, Kathryne D. | 1984 | 10 | 4 | Former |
| Thornton, William E. | 1967 | 6 | 2 | Deceased |
| Thuot, Pierre J. | 1985 | 11 | 3 | Former |
| Tingle, Scott D. | 2009 | 20 | 1 | Active |
| Truly, Richard H. | 1969 | 7 | 2 | Former |
| Van Hoften, James D. | 1978 | 8 | 2 | Former |
| Vande Hei, Mark T. | 2009 | 20 | 2 | Active |
| Veach, Charles Lacy | 1984 | 10 | 2 | Deceased |
| Virts, Terry W., Jr. | 2000 | 18 | 1 | Former |
| Voss, James S. | 1987 | 12 | 5 | Former |
| Voss, Janice E. | 1990 | 13 | 5 | Deceased |
| Walheim, Rex J. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Former |
| Walker, David M. | 1978 | 8 | 4 | Deceased |
| Walker, Shannon | 2004 | 19 | 2 | Active |
| Walz, Carl E. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Watkins, Jessica | 2017 | 22 | 1 | Active |
| Weber, Mary E. | 1992 | 14 | 2 | Former |
| Weitz, Paul J. | 1966 | 5 | 2 | Deceased |
| Wetherbee, James D. | 1984 | 10 | 6 | Former |
| Wheelock, Douglas H. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Active |
| White, Edward H., II | 1962 | 2 | 1 | Deceased |
| Whitson, Peggy A. | 1996 | 16 | 2 | Former |
| Wilcutt, Terrence W. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Williams, Christopher L. | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Williams, Clifton C., Jr. | 1963 | 3 | 0 | Deceased |
| Williams, Donald E. | 1978 | 8 | 2 | Deceased |
| Williams, Jeffery N. | 1996 | 16 | 4 | Former |
| Williams, Sunita L. | 1998 | 17 | 3 | Active |
| Wilmore, Barry E. | 2000 | 18 | 3 | Active |
| Wilson, Stephanie D. | 1996 | 16 | 3 | Active |
| Wiseman, G. Reid | 2009 | 20 | 1 | Active |
| Wisoff, Peter J. k. | 1990 | 13 | 4 | Former |
| Wittner, Jessica A. | 2021 | 23 | 0 | Active |
| Wolf, David A. | 1990 | 13 | 3 | Former |
| Woodward, Neil W., III | 1998 | 17 | 0 | Former |
| Worden, Alfred M. | 1966 | 5 | 1 | Deceased |
| Young, John W. | 1962 | 2 | 6 | Deceased |
| Zamka, George D. | 1998 | 17 | 2 | Former |
2.0 Biographical Sketches
2.1 Active U.S. Astronauts
NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Jessica Watkins, and Bob Hines are pictured looking out the SpaceX Dragon Freedom spacecraft’s windows.
***There are 38 active NASA astronauts as of Oct. 2023***
- AYERS, V. Nichole, Major, U.S. Air Force
- Born ,1989, in San Diego, Cal.; hometown: Divide, Colorado
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics with a minor in Russian from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in computational and applied mathematics from Rice University
- Total time in space: 0
- BARRATT, Michael R., M.D.
- Born April 16, 1959, in Vancouver, Wash.; hometown: Camas, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in Zoology from University of Washington
- Doctor of Medicine from Northwestern University
- Master of Science in Aerospace Medicine from Wright State University
- Expedition 19/20 on Soyuz in 2009
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- Crew-8 and Expedition 71 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in March 2024
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 5 hours, 37 minutes
- Total time in space: 212 days
- BARRON, Kayla J., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
- Born Sept. 19, 1987, in Pocatello, Idaho; hometown: Richland, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in Systems Engineering from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from University of Cambridge
- Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022
- 2 spacewalks: 13 hours, 26 minutes
- Total time in space: 177 days
- BERRIOS, G. Marcos, Ph.D., Major, U.S. Air Force
- Born, 1984 Fort Campbell, TN.; hometown: Guaynabo, Puerto Rico
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering
- Doctorate in aeronautics from Stanford University
- U.S. Naval Test Pilot School
- Total time in space: 0
- BIRCH, M. Christina, Ph.D.
- Born Nov.17, 1986, in Mesa, Ariz.; hometown: Gilbert, Arizona
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics from University of Arizona
- Bachelor of Science in biochemistry and molecular biophysics with a minor in Spanish from University of Arizona
- Doctorate in biological engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Total time in space: 0
- BOE, Eric A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Oct. 1, 1964, in Miami, Fla.; hometown: Atlanta, Ga.
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- Total time in space: 28 days
- BOWEN, Stephen G., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Feb. 13, 1964, in Cohasset, Mass.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in Ocean Engineering from MIT
- STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- Crew-6 and Expedition 69 on crew Dragon Endeavour in 2023
- 10 spacewalks for a total time of 65 hours, 57 minutes
- Total time in space: 227 days
- BRESNIK, Randolph J., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps
- Born Sept.11, 1967, in Fort Knox, Ky.; hometown: Santa Monica, Calif.
- Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from The Citadel
- Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville
- Graduate of Air War College
- STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- Expedition 52/53 on Soyuz in 2017
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours
- Total time in space: 149 days
- BURNHAM, M. Deniz, Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
- Born in 1985 at Incirlik Air Base in Turkey; home: Wasilla, Alaska
- Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from University of California
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from University of Southern California
- Total time in space: 0
- CARDMAN, Zena M.
- Born Oct. 26, 1987, in Urbana, Ill.; hometown: Williamsburg, Va.
- Bachelor of Science in Biology from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Master of Science in Marine Sciences from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Crew-9 and Expedition 72 in August 2024
- Total time in space: 0
- CASSADA, Josh A., Ph.D., Captain (Sel), U.S. Navy
- Born July 18, 1973, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: White Bear Lake, Minn.
- Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Albion College
- Master of Arts in Physics with specialty in high particle physics from University of Rochester
- Total time in space: 0
- CHARI, Raja J.V., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born June 24, 1977, in Milwaukee, Wis.; hometown: Cedar Falls, Iowa
- Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from MIT
- Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022
- 2 spacewalks for a total of 13 hours and 8 minutes
- Total time in space: 177 days
- DELANEY, Luke, Major, U.S. Marine Corps, (retired)
- Born in 1979 Miami FL.; hometown: DeBary, Florida
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from University of North Florida
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Naval Postgraduate School
- Total time in space: 0
- DOMINICK, Matthew S., Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born Dec. 7, 1981, in Wheat Ridge, Colo.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from University of San Diego
- Master of Systems Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School
- Crew-8 and Expedition 71 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in March 2024
- Total time in space: Mission in progress
- DOUGLAS, Andre, Ph.D.
- Born 1986 in Miami FL.; hometown: Chesapeake, Virginia
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from U.S. Coast Guard Academy
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from University of Michigan
- Master of Science in naval architecture and marine engineering from University of Michigan
- Master of Science in electrical and computer engineering from John Hopkins University
- Doctorate in systems engineering from George Washington University
- Total time in space: 0
- DYSON, Tracy C., Ph.D.
- Born Aug. 14, 1969, in Arcadia, Calif.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in chemistry from California State University-Fullerton
- Doctor of Philosophy in physical chemistry from the University of California-Davis
- STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007
- Expedition 23/24 on Soyuz in 2010
- Expedition 71/72 on Soyuz in 2024
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 23 hours, 20 minutes
- Total time in space: 188 days
- EPPS, Jeanette J., Ph.D.
- Born Nov. 3, 1970, in Syracuse, N.Y.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Physics from LeMoyne College
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from University of Maryland
- Crew-8 and Expedition 71 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in Feb 2024
- Total time in space: mission in progress
- FINCKE, Edward M. “Mike,” Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born March 14, 1967, in Pittsburgh, Pa; hometown: Emsworth, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT
- Bachelor of Science in Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences from MIT
- Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University
- Master of Science in Physical Sciences (Planetary Geology) from University of Houston-Clear Lake
- Expedition 9 on Soyuz in 2004
- Expedition 18 on Soyuz in 2008
- STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011
- 9 spacewalks for a total time of 48 hours, 36 minutes
- Total time in space: 381 days
- GLOVER, Victor J., Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born April 30, 1976, in Pomona, Calif.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in General Engineering from California Polytechnic State University
- Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from Air University
- Master of Science in Systems Engineering from Naval Post Graduate School
- Master of Military Operational Art and Science from Air University
- Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020-2021
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 7 minutes
- Total time in space: 167 days
- HAGUE, Tyler N. “Nick”, Colonel, U.S. Space Force
- Born Sept. 24, 1975, in Belleville, Kan.; hometown: Hoxie, Kan.
- Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Expedition 59/60 on Soyuz in 2019
- Crew-9 and Expedition 72 in August 2024
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 56 minutes
- Total time in space: 202 days
- HATHAWAY, Jack, Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born 1982 in South Windsor, Connecticut
- Bachelor of Science in physics and history from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in flight dynamics from Cranfield University
- Master of Science in national security and strategic studies from U.S. Naval War College
- Empire Test Pilot School
- Total time in space: 0
- HINES, Robert “Bob” T., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Jan. 11, 1975, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: Harrisburg, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Boston University
- Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama
- Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022
- Total time in space: Mission ongoing
- HOBURG, Warren “Woody” W., Ph.D.
- Born Sept. 16, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautics and stronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctorate in electrical engineering and computer science from University of California, Berkeley
- Crew-6 and Expedition 69 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2023
- 2 spacewalks for a total of 11 hours and 38 minutes
- Total time in space: 186 days
- KIM, Jonny Y., M.D., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
- Born Feb. 5, 1984, in Los Angeles; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of San Diego
- Doctor of Medicine from Harvard Medical School
- Total time in space: 0
- KOCH, Christina H.
- Born Jan. 29, 1979, in Grand Rapids, Mich.; hometown: Jacksonville, N.C.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from North Carolina State University
- Bachelor of Science in physics from North Carolina State University
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from North Carolina State University
- Expedition 59/60/61 on Soyuz in 2019-2020
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 42 hours, 15 minutes
- Total time in space: 328 days
- LINDGREN, Kjell N., M.D.
- Born Jan. 23, 1973, in Taipei, Taiwan; home country: England
- Bachelor of Science in biology from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in cardiovascular physiology from Colorado State University
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Colorado
- National Library of Medicine Post-Doctoral Fellowship and Master of health informatics from University of Minnesota
- Master of public health from University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston
- Board-certified in emergency medicine and aerospace medicine
- Expedition 44/45 on Soyuz in 2015
- Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 4 minutes
- Total time in space: 311 days
- MANN, Nicole A., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps
- Born June 27, 1977, in Petaluma, Calif.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering with specialty in fluid mechanics from Stanford University
- Crew-5 and Expedition 68 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2022-2023
- 2 spacewalks for a total of 14 hours and 2 minutes
- Total time in space: 157 days
- McARTHUR, Megan K., Ph.D.
- Born Aug. 30, 1971, in Honolulu, Hawaii; home state: California
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of California- Los Angeles
- Doctor of philosophy in oceanography from the University of California-San Diego
- STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- Crew-2 and Expedition 65/66 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2021
- Total time in space: 212 days
- MCCLAIN, Anne C., Colonel, U.S. Army
- Born June 7, 1979, in Spokane, Wash.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical/aeronautical engineering from
- U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Bath (England)
- Master of Science in international relations from University of Bristol (England)
- Master of Science in strategic studies from the U.S. Army War College
- Expedition 58/59 in 2018-2019
- 2 spacewalks for total time of 13 hours, 8 minutes
- Total time in space: 204 days
- MEIR, Jessica U., Ph.D.
- Born July 1, 1977, in Caribou, Maine; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Arts in biology from Brown University
- Master of Science in space studies from International Space University (France)
- Doctorate in marine biology from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography
- Expedition 61/62 on Soyuz in 2019-2020
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 44 minutes
- Total time in space: 205 days
- MENON, S. Anil, M.D., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Oct. 15, 1976 in Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Bachelor of Science in neurobiology from Harvard University
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Stanford University
- Doctor of Medicine, Stanford Medical School
- Residency of emergency medicine, Stanford University
- Fellowship in wilderness medicine, Stanford University
- Residency in aerospace medicine from University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
- Master of Science in public health from University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
- Total time in space: 0
- MOGHBELI, Jasmin, Major, U.S. Marine Corps
- Born June 24, 1983, in Bad Nauheim, Germany; hometown: Baldwin, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering with information technology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School
- Crew-7 and Expedition 69/70 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2023-2024
- Total time in space: 197 days
- MORGAN, Andrew “Drew” R., M.D., Colonel, U.S. Army
- Born Feb. 5, 1976, in Morgantown, W.Va.; hometown: New Castle, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in environmental engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Doctorate in medicine from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- Expedition 60/61/62 on Soyuz in 2019-2020
- 7 spacewalks for a total time of 45 hours, 48 minutes
- Total time in space: 272 days
- O’HARA, Loral
- Born May 3, 1983, in Houston; hometown: Sugarland, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Kansas
- Master of Science in aeronautics and astronautics from Purdue University
- Expedition 70 on Soyuz in 2023
- Total time in space: 204 days
- PETTIT, Donald R., Ph.D.
- Born April 20, 1955, in Silverton, Ore.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Oregon State University
- Doctorate in chemical engineering from University of Arizona
- Expedition 6 on Soyuz in 2003
- STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- Expedition 30/31 on Soyuz in 2012
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 17 minutes
- Total time in space: 369 days
- RUBINS, Kathleen “Kate,” Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 14, 1978, in Farmington, Conn.; hometown: Napa, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in molecular biology from the University of California-San Diego
- Doctor of Philosophy in cancer biology from Stanford University Medical School
- Expedition 48/49 on Soyuz in 2016
- Expedition 63/64 on Soyuz in 2020-2021
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 46 minutes
- Total time in space: 300 days
- RUBIO, Frank, M.D., Major, U.S. Army
- Born Dec. 11, 1976, in Los Angeles, Calif.; hometown: Miami, Fla.
- Bachelor’s in international relations from the United States Military Academy
- Doctor of Medicine from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- Expedition 68/69 on Soyuz in 2022-2023
- 3 spacewalks for a total of 21 hours and 24 minutes
- Total time in space: 371 days
- TINGLE, Scott D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born July 19, 1965, in Attleboro, Mass.; hometown: Randolph, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Southeastern Massachusetts University
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering with specialty in fluid mechanics and propulsion from Purdue University
- Expedition 54/55 on Soyuz in 2017-2018
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 7 hours, 24 minutes
- Total time in space: 168 days
- VANDE HEI, Mark T., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Nov. 10, 1966, in Falls Church, Va.; hometown: Chanhassen, Minn.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Saint John’s University
- Master of Science in applied physics from Stanford University
- Expedition 53/54 on Soyuz in 2017-2018
- Expedition 65/66 on Soyuz in 2021-2022
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 42 minutes
- Total time in space: 523 days
- WALKER, Shannon, Ph.D.
- Born June 4, 1965, in Houston, Texas; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Arts, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy in space physics from Rice University
- Expedition 24/25 on Soyuz in 2010
- Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020-2021
- Total time in space: 331 days
- WATKINS, Jessica, Ph.D.
- Born May 5, 1988, in Gaithersburg, Md.; hometown: Lafayette, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in geological and environmental sciences from Stanford University
- Doctorate in geology from the University of California, Los Angeles
- Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022
- Total time in space: 170 days
- WHEELOCK, Douglas H., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born May 5, 1960, in Binghamton, N.Y.; hometown: Windsor, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in applied science and engineering
- from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007
- Expeditions 24/25 on Soyuz in 2010
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 43 hours, 30 minutes
- Total time in space: 178 days
- WILLIAMS, L. Christopher, Ph.D.
- Born 1983 in New York City, NY.; hometown: Potomac, Maryland
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Stanford University
- Doctorate in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Residency Training at Harvard Medical Residency Program
- Total time in space: 0
- WILLIAMS, Sunita “Suni” L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Sept. 19, 1965, in Euclid, Ohio; hometown: Needham, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in physical science from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in engineering management from Florida Institute of Technology
- Expedition 14/15: Launched on STS-116 Space Shuttle Discovery & Landed on STS-117 Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
- Expedition 32/33 on Soyuz in 2012
- Boeing CFT in June 2024
- 7 spacewalks for a total time of 50 hours, 40 minutes
- Total time in space: 321 days
- WILMORE, Barry “Butch” E., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Dec. 29, 1962, in Murfreesboro, Tenn.; hometown: Mount Juliet, Tenn.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in electrical engineering from
- Tennessee Technological University
- Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee
- STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- Expedition 41/42 on Soyuz in 2014-2015
- Boeing CFT in June 2024
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 36 minutes
- Total time in space: 178 days
- WILSON, Stephanie D.
- Born Sept. 27, 1966, in Boston, Mass.; hometown: Pittsfield, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering science from Harvard University
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas
- STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007
- STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010
- Crew-9 and Expedition 72 in August 2024
- Total time in space: 42 days
- WISEMAN, G. Reid, Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Nov. 11, 1975; hometown: Baltimore, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in computer & systems engineering from
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y
- Master of Science in systems engineering from Johns Hopkins University
- Expedition 40/41 on Soyuz in 2013-2014
- 2 spacewalks for total time of 12 hours, 47 minutes
- Total time in space: 165 days
- WITTNER, A. Jessica, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born 1983 Fresno, CA.; hometown: Clovis, California
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Arizona
- U.S. Naval Test Pilot School
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from U.S. Naval Post Graduate School
- Naval Command and staff graduate from U.S. Naval War College
- Total time in space: 0
2.2 U.S. Management Astronauts
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, left, NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, and NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana, right, pose for a group photograph, Monday, Feb. 28, 2022, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
- ACABA, Joseph M.
- Educator astronaut
- Born May 17, 1967, in Inglewood, Calif.; hometown: Anaheim, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in geology from the University of California-Santa Barbara
- Master of Science in geology from University of Arizona
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- Expedition 31/32 on Soyuz in 2012
- Expeditions 53/54 on Soyuz in 2018
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 46 minutes
- Total time in space: 306 days
- ARNOLD, Richard R., II
- Educator astronaut
- Born Nov. 26, 1963, in Cheverly, Md.; hometown: Bowie, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Frostburg State University
- Master of Science in Marine, Estuarine and Environmental Science from University of Maryland
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- Expedition 55/56 on Soyuz in 2018
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 4 minutes
- Total time in space: 209 days
- AUÑÓN-CHANCELLOR, Serena M., M.D.
- Born April 9, 1976, in Indianapolis, Ind.; hometown: Fort Collins, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Texas – Health Science Center in Houston
- Expedition 56/57 on Soyuz in 2018
- Total time in space: 197 days
- BOWERSOX, Kenneth D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Nov. 14, 1956, in Portsmouth, Va.; hometown: Bedford, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University
- STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995
- STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- Expedition 6: STS-113 Endeavour (up) in 2002 and Soyuz (down) in 2003
- 2 spacewalks with total time of 13 hours, 17 minutes
- Total time in space: 211 days
- CAGLE, Yvonne D., M.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born April 24, 1959, in West Point, N.Y.; hometown: Novato, Calif.
- Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry from San Francisco State University
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Washington
- Certified senior aviation medical examiner from FAA
- Total time in space: 0
- CREAMER, Timothy J. “T.J.”, Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Nov. 15, 1959, in Fort Huachuca, Ariz.; hometown: Upper Marlboro, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Loyola College
- Master of Science in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Expedition 22/23 on Soyuz in 2010
- Total time in space: 163 days
- DREW, B. Alvin, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Nov. 5, 1962, in Washington, D.C.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering and Physics from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Aerospace Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
- Master of Strategic Studies in Political Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 48 minutes
- Total time in space: 25 days
- FORRESTER, Patrick G., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born March 31, 1957, in El Paso, Texas; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Applied Sciences and Engineering from U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from University of Virginia
- STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
- STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 30 minutes
- Total time in space: 39 days
- KELLY, James “Jim” M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born May 14, 1964, in Burlington, Iowa; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama
- STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005
- Total time in space: 26 days
- LINNEHAN, Richard M., B.S., D.V.M., MPA
- Born Sept. 19, 1957, in Lowell Mass.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Animal Sciences (minor in microbiology) from University of New Hampshire
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine
- Master of Public Administration from The Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
- STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998
- STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
- STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 42 hours, 12 minutes
- Total time in space: 59 days
- LOVE, Stanley G., Ph.D.
- Born June 8, 1965, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: Eugene, Ore.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics from Harvey Mudd College
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from University of Washington
- STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 23 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days
- MELROY, Pamela A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Sept 17, 1961, in Palo Alto, Calif.; hometown Rochester, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics & Astronomy from Wellesley College
- Master of Science in Earth and Planetary Sciences from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000
- STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007
- Total time in space: 38 days
- MORIN, Lee M., M.D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Sept. 9, 1952, in Manchester, N.H.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Mathematical/Electrical Science from the University of New Hampshire
- Master of Science in Biochemistry from New York University
- Doctor of Medicine from New York University
- Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology from New York University
- Master of Public Health from the University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Master of Physics from University of Houston-Clear Lake
- STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 14 hours, 7 minutes
- Total time in space: 10 days
2.3 NASA Astronaut Candidates
NASA 2021 Astronaut Candidate Announcement at Ellington Field. Photo Date: December 6, 2021. Location: Ellington Field – Hangar 135. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.
2.4 FORMER ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS
AS16-113-18339 (21 April 1972) — Astronaut John W. Young, commander of the Apollo 16 lunar landing mission, leaps from the lunar surface as he salutes the United States flag at the Descartes landing site during the first Apollo 16 extravehicular activity (EVA). Astronaut Charles M. Duke Jr., lunar module pilot, took this picture. The Lunar Module (LM) “Orion” is on the left. The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is parked beside the LM. The object behind Young (in the shade of the LM) is the Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph (FUC/S). Stone Mountain dominates the background in this lunar scene. While astronauts Young and Duke descended in the LM to explore the Descartes highlands landing site on the moon, astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) “Casper” in lunar orbit.
- ACTON, Loren W., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born March 7, 1936, in Lewiston, Mont.
- Bachelor of Science from Montana State University
- Doctorate from the University of Colorado
- STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 7 days
- ADAMSON, James C., Colonel, U. S. Army (retired)
- Born March 3, 1946, in Warsaw, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University
- Graduate of the Navy Test Pilot School
- STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989
- STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- Total time in space: 13 days
- AKERS, Thomas D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born May 20, 1951, in St. Louis, Mo.; hometown: Eminence, Mo.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Applied Mathematics from the Missouri University of Science and Technology
- STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 29 hours, 40 minutes
- Total time in space: 33 days
- ALDRIN, Buzz, Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born January 20, 1930, in Montclair, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Doctor of Science in Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Gemini 12 in 1966
- Apollo 11 in 1969
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 4 hours, 41 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days
- ALLEN, Andrew M., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Aug. 4, 1955, in Philadelphia, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Villanova University
- Master’s in Business Administration from the University of Florida
- STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- Total time in space: 37 days
- ALLEN, Joseph P., Ph.D.
- Born June 27, 1937, in Crawfordsville, Ind.
- Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and Physics from DePauw University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Yale University
- STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982
- STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 42 minutes
- Total time in space: 13 days
- ALTMAN, Scott D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Aug. 15, 1959, in Lincoln, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical engineering from the University of Illinois
- Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998
- STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
- STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- Total time in space: 51 days
- ANDERSON, Clayton C.
- Born Feb. 23, 1959, in Omaha, Neb.;
- hometown: Ashland, Neb. Bachelor of Science in Physics from Hastings College
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Iowa State University
- Expedition 15: STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2007
- STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 38 hours, 28 minutes
- Total time in space: 166 days
- ANTONELLI, Dominic A., Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born August 23, 1967, in Detroit, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from University of Washington
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010
- Total time in space: 24 days
- APT, Jerome, Ph.D.
- Born April 18, 1949, in Springfield, Mass.; hometown: Pittsburgh, Pa.
- Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Harvard College
- Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 13 minutes
- Total time in space: 35 days
- ARCHAMBAULT, Lee J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Aug. 25, 1960, in Oak Park, Ill.; hometown: Bellwood, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in aeronautical/astronautical engineering from the University of Illinois-Urbana
- STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- Total time in space: 26 days
- ASHBY, Jeffrey S., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born June 16, 1954, in Dallas, Texas; hometown: Evergreen, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Idaho
- Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee
- Graduate of the Naval Test Pilot School
- Graduate of the Naval Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun)
- STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999
- STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001
- STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- Total time in space: 27 days
- BAGIAN, James P., M.D.
- Born Feb. 22, 1952, in Philadelphia, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University
- Doctor of Medicine from Thomas Jefferson University
- STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
- Total time in space: 14 days
- BAKER, Ellen S., M.D.
- Born April 27, 1953, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: New York, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Arts in Geology from the State University of New York – Buffalo
- Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University
- Master of Public Health from the University of Texas
- STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- Total time in space: 28 days
- BAKER, Michael A., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Oct. 27, 1953, in Memphis, Tenn.; hometown: Lemoore, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas
- STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- Total time in space: 40 days
- BARRY, Daniel T, M.D., Ph.D.
- Born Dec. 30, 1953, in Norwalk, Conn.; hometown: South Hadley, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University
- Master of Engineering from Princeton University
- Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering/computer science from Princeton University
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Miami
- STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 49 minutes
- Total time in space: 30 days
- BARTOE, John-David F., Ph.D.
- Payload Specialist
- Born Nov. 17, 1944, in Abington, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics from Lehigh University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy of Physics from Georgetown University
- SS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 7 days
- BEHNKEN, Robert L., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born July 28, 1970, in Creve Coeur, Mo.; hometown: St. Ann, Mo.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics and Mechanical Engineering from Washington University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from California Institute of Technology
- STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010
- Demo-2 and Expedition 63 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2020
- 10 spacewalks for a total time of 61 hours, 10 minutes
- Total time in space: 63 days
- BLAHA, John E., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Aug. 26, 1942, in San Antonio, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University
- STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- Mir: STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) in 1996 and STS-81 on Atlantis (landing) in 1997
- Total time in space: 160 days
- BLOOMFIELD, Michael J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born March 16, 1959, in Flint, Mich.; hometown: Lake Fenton, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering mechanics from the U.S Air Force Academy
- Master of engineering management from Old Dominion University
- STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000
- STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- Total time in space: 32 days
- BLUFORD, Guion S., Jr., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Nov. 22, 1942, in Philadelphia, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from The Pennsylvania State University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology
- Master of business administration from the University of Houston-Clear Lake
- STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-61-A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- Total time in space: 28 days
- BOLDEN, Charles F., Jr., Major General, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Aug. 19, 1946, in Columbia, S.C.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical science from the U.S Naval Academy
- Master of Science in systems management from the University of Southern California
- STS-61-C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986
- STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- Total time in space: 28 days
- BRAND, Vance D., U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Reserve and Air National Guard (retired)
- Born May 9, 1931, in Longmont, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in business and Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Colorado
- Master of business administration from the University of California, Los Angeles
- ASTP in 1975
- STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982
- STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- Total time in space: 31 days
- BRANDENSTEIN, Daniel C., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Jan. 17, 1943, in Watertown, Wis.
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics & physics from the University of Wisconsin
- STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- Total time in space: 32 days
- BRIDGES, Roy D., Jr., Major General, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born July 19, 1943, in Atlanta, Ga.
- Bachelor of engineering science from the U.S Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in astronautics from Purdue University
- STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 7 days
- BROWN, Curtis L., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born March 11, 1956, in Elizabethtown, N.C.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the U.S Air Force Academy
- STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994
- STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- Total time in space: 57 days
- BROWN, Mark N., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Nov. 18, 1951, in Valparaiso, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from Purdue University
- Master of Science in astronautical engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology
- STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989
- STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- Total time in space: 10 days
- BUCHLI, James F., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born June 20, 1945, in New Rockford, N.D.: hometown: Fargo, N.D.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering Systems from the University of West Florida
- STS-51-C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-61-A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- Total time in space: 20 days
- BUCKEY, Jay Clark, M.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born June 6, 1956, in New York, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering Cornell University
- Doctorate in Medicine, Cornell University
- STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia 1998
- Total time in space: 15 days
- BURBANK, Daniel C., Captain, U.S. Coast Guard (retired)
- Born July 27, 1961, in Manchester, Conn.; hometown: Yarmouthport, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
- STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006
- Expedition 29/30 on Soyuz in 2012
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 7 hours, 11 minutes
- Total time in space: 188 days
- BURSCH, Daniel W., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born July 25, 1957, in Bristol, Pa.; hometown: Vestal, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in engineering science from the Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- Expedition 4: STS-108 Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-111 Endeavour (landing) in 2002
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 46 minutes
- Total time in space: 226 days
- CABANA, Robert D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Jan. 23, 1949, in Minneapolis, Minn.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy
- STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- Total time in space: 37 days, 22 hours, 42 minutes
- CAMARDA, Charles J., Ph.D.
- Born May 8, 1952, in Queens, N.Y.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn
- Master of Science in engineering science from George Washington University
- Doctor of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005
- Total time in space: 13 days
- CAMERON, Kenneth D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Nov. 29, 1949, in Cleveland, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Graduated from the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School
- Master of Business Administration from Michigan State University
- STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- Total time in space: 23 days
- CAREY, Duane G., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born April 30, 1957, in St. Paul, Minn.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering & mechanics from the University of Minnesota-Minneapolis
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Minnesota- Minneapolis
- STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
- Total time in space: 10 days
- CASPER, John H., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born July 9, 1943, in Greenville, S.C.; hometown: Gainesville, Ga.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in astronautics from Purdue University
- Graduate of the Air Force Air War College
- STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- Total time in space: 34 days, 9 hours, 52 minutes
- CASSIDY, Christopher J., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Jan. 4, 1970, in Salem, Mass.; hometown: York, Maine
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in ocean engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009
- Expedition 35/36 on Soyuz in 2013
- Expedition 63 on Soyuz in 2020
- 10 spacewalks for a total time of 54 hours, 51 minutes
- Total time in space: 378 days
- CENKER, Robert
- Payload specialist
- Born Nov. 5, 1948, in Uniontown, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from The Pennsylvania State University
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from The Pennsylvania State University
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from Rutgers University
- STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia
- Total time in space: 6 days
- CHAMITOFF, Gregory E., Ph.D.
- Born August 6, 1962, in Montreal, Canada; hometown: San Jose, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from California Polytechnic
- State University
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from California Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in planetary geology from University of Houston-Clear Lake
- Expedition 17/18: STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery (launch), STS-126 Endeavour (landing) in 2008
- STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 43 minutes
- Total time in space: 198 days
- CHANG-DIAZ, Franklin R., Ph.D.
- Born April 5, 1950, in San Jose, Costa Rica
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Connecticut
- Doctor of Philosophy in applied plasma physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986
- STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 30 minutes
- Total time in space: 66 days
- CHIAO, Leroy, Ph.D.
- Born Aug. 28, 1960, in Milwaukee, Wis.; hometown: Danville, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from the University of California Berkeley
- Master of Science and Doctorate in chemical engineering from the University of California-Santa Barbara
- STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000
- Expedition 10 on Soyuz in 2004-2005
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 36 hours, 19 minutes
- Total time in space: 229 days
- CHILTON, Kevin P., General, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Nov. 3, 1954, in Los Angeles
- Bachelor of Science in engineering sciences from the U.S Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Columbia University
- STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- Total time in space: 29 days
- COATS, Michael L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Jan. 16, 1946, in Sacramento, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S Naval Academy
- Master of Science in administration of science & technology from George
- Washington University
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- Total time in space: 19 days
- COCKRELL, Kenneth D., U.S. Naval Reserves (retired)
- Born April 9, 1950, in Austin, Texas; hometown: Rockdale, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas
- Master of Science in aeronautical systems from the University of West Florida
- STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001
- STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002
- Total time in space: 64 days
- COLEMAN, Catherine G. “Cady,” Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Dec. 14, 1960, in Charleston, S.C.
- Bachelor of Science in chemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in polymer science & engineering from the
- University of Massachusetts
- STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995
- STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999
- Expedition 26/27 on Soyuz in 2011
- Total time in space: 180 days
- COLLINS, Eileen M., Colonel, U.S Air Force (retired)
- Born Nov. 19, 1956, in Elmira, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Arts in mathematics & economics from Syracuse University
- Master of Science in operations research from Stanford University
- Master of Arts in space systems management from Webster University
- STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999
- STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005
- Total time in space: 37 days
- COVEY, Richard O., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Aug. 1, 1946, in Fayetteville, Ark.; hometown: Fort Walton Beach, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering sciences from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Purdue University
- STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988
- STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- Total time in space: 26 days
- CREIGHTON, John O., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born April 28, 1943, in Orange, Texas
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in administration of science & technology from George
- Washington University
- STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- Total time in space: 16 days
- CRIPPEN, Robert L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Sept. 11, 1937, in Beaumont, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas
- STS-1 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981
- STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- Total time in space: 23 days
- CROUCH, Roger K., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born Sept. 12, 1940, in Jamestown, Tenn.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Tennessee Polytechnic Institute
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Virginia
- Polytechnic Institute
- STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- Total time in space: 19 days
- CULBERTSON, Frank L., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born May 15, 1949, in Charleston, S.C.; hometown: Holly Hill, S.C.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- Expedition 3: STS-105 Discovery (launch) and STS-108 Endeavour (landing) in 2001
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 5 hours, 4 minutes
- Total time in space: 143 days
- CURBEAM, Robert L., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born March 5, 1962, in Baltimore, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School
- Master of Science in aeronautical & astronautical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001
- STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- 7 spacewalks for a total time of 45 hours, 33 minutes
- Total time in space: 37 days
- CURRIE-GREGG, Nancy J. (Sherlock), Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Dec. 29, 1958, in Wilmington, Del.; hometown: Troy, Ohio
- Bachelor of Arts in biological science from Ohio State University
- Master of Science in safety engineering from the University of Southern California
- Doctor of Philosophy in industrial engineering from the University of Houston
- STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
- Total time in space: 41 days
- DAVIS, N. Jan, Ph.D.
- Born Nov. 1, 1953, in Cocoa Beach, Fla.; hometown: Huntsville, Ala.
- Bachelor of Science in applied biology from Georgia Institute of Technology
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Auburn University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from the
- University of Alabama-Huntsville
- STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- Total time in space: 28 days
- DELUCAS, Lawrence J., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born July 11, 1950, in Syracuse, N. Y.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in chemistry, Bachelor of Science in physiological optics, Doctorate in optometry, and Doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Alabama at Birmingham
- STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- Total time in space: 13 days
- DUFFY, Brian, Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born June 20, 1953, in Boston, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in systems management from the University of Southern California
- STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000
- Total time in space: 40 days
- DUKE, Charles M., Jr., Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Oct. 3, 1935, in Charlotte, N.C.
- Bachelor of Science in naval sciences from the U.S Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Apollo 16 in 1972
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 20 hours, 14 minutes
- Total time in space: 11 days
- DUNBAR, Bonnie, Ph.D.
- Born March 3, 1949, in Sunnyside, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in ceramic engineering from the
- University of Washington
- Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical/biomedical engineering from the University
- of Houston
- Certified Professional Engineer in Texas
- STS-61A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- Total time in space: 50 days
- DURRANCE, Samuel T., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born Sept. 17, 1943, in Tallahassee, Fla.; hometown: Tampa, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in physics from California State University, Los Angeles, Calif.
- Doctor of Philosophy in astro-geophysics from the University of Colorado
- STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- Total time in space: 25 days
- DUTTON, James P., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Nov. 20, 1968, in Eugene, Ore.
- Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from the University of Washington
- STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010
- Total time in space: 15 days
- EDWARDS, Joe F., Jr., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Feb. 3, 1958, in Richmond, Va.; hometowns: Roanoke and Lineville, Ala.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville
- STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- Total time in space: 8 days
- ENGLAND, Anthony W., Ph.D.
- Born May 15, 1942, in Indianapolis, Ind.; hometown: West Fargo, N.D.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in geology and Doctor of Philosophy in geophysics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 7 days
- FABIAN, John M., Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Jan. 28, 1939, in Goose Creek, Texas; hometown: Pullman, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Washington State University
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in aeronautics & astronautics from the University of Washington
- STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- Total time in space: 13 days
- FERGUSON, Christopher J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Sept. 1, 1961, in Philadelphia, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Drexel University
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006
- STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011
- Total time in space: 40 days
- FETTMAN, Martin J., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born Dec. 31, 1956, in Brooklyn, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in animal nutrition from Cornell University
- Doctor of Philosophy in physiology from Colorado State University
- STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia
- Total time in space: 14 days
- FEUSTEL, Andrew J., Ph.D.
- Born Aug. 25, 1965, in Lancaster, Pa.; hometown: Lake Orion, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in solid earth sciences from Purdue University
- Master of Science in geophysics from Purdue University
- Doctor of Philosophy in seismology from Queen’s University-Canada
- STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011
- Expedition 55/56 on Soyuz in 2018
- 9 spacewalks for a total time of 61 hours, 48 minutes
- Total time in space: 226 days
- FISCHER, Jack D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Jan. 23, 1974, in Louisville, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of
- Technology
- Expedition 51/52 on Soyuz in 2017
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 6 hours, 59 minutes
- Total time in space: 136 days
- FISHER, Anna L., M.D.
- Born Aug. 24, 1949, in New York, N.Y.; hometown: San Pedro, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in chemistry from the University of California-Los Angeles
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of California-Los Angeles
- STS-51-A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- Total time in space: 7 days
- FISHER, William F., M.D.
- Born April 1, 1946, in Dallas, Texas
- Bachelor of Arts from Stanford University
- Master of Science in engineering from the University of Houston
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Florida
- STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 46 minutes
- Total time in space: 7 days
- FOALE, C. Michael, Ph.D.
- Born Jan. 6, 1957, in Louth, England; hometown: Cambridge, England
- Bachelor of Arts in physics from Cambridge University
- Doctor of Philosophy in laboratory astrophysics from Cambridge University
- STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- Mir 23 on STS-84 Atlantis (launch) and STS-86 Atlantis (landing) in 1997
- STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- Expedition 8 on Soyuz in 2003
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 45 minutes
- Total time in space: 373 days
- FORD, Kevin A., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born July 7, 1960, in Portland, Ind.; hometown: Montpelier, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Notre Dame
- Master of Science in international relations from Troy State University
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Florida
- Doctorate in astronautical engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology
- Graduate of Squadron Officer School, the Air Command and Staff College Associate Program and Air War College
- STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- Expedition 33/34 on Soyuz in 2013
- Total time in space: 157 days
- FOREMAN, Michael J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born March 29, 1957, in Columbus, Ohio; hometown: Wadsworth, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 20 minutes
- Total time in space: 26 days
- FOSSUM, Michael E., U.S. Air Force Reserves (retired)
- Born Dec. 19, 1957, in Sioux Falls, S.D.; hometown: McAllen, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Texas A&M University
- Master of Science in systems engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in physical science (Space Science) from the
- University of Houston-Clear Lake
- STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008
- Expedition 28/29 on Soyuz in 2011
- 7 spacewalks for a total time of 48 hours, 32 minutes
- Total time in space: 193 days
- FRICK, Stephen N., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Sept. 30, 1964, in Pittsburgh, Pa..; hometown: Gibsonia, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008
- Total time in space: 23 days
- GAFFNEY, F. Andrew (Drew), M.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born June 9, 1946, in Carlsbad, N.M.
- Bachelor of Arts in psychology from the University of California, Berkeley
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of New Mexico
- STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
- Total time in space: 9 days
- GARAN, Ronald J., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Oct. 30, 1961, in Yonkers, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in business economics from State University of New York
- Master of Aeronautical Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Florida
- STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008
- Expedition 27/28, launch and landing on Soyuz, in 2011
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 27 hours, 3 minutes
- Total time in space: 177 days
- GARDNER, Guy S., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Jan. 6, 1948, in Alta-Vista, Va.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering sciences, astronautics and mathematics from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in astronautics from Purdue University
- STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988
- STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- Total time in space: 13 days
- GARN, Jake, U. S. Senator
- Payload specialist
- Born Oct. 12, 1932, in Richfield, Utah
- Bachelor of Science in business and finance from the University of Utah
- STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- Total time in space: 7 days
- GEMAR, Charles D., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Aug. 4, 1955, in Yankton, S.D.; hometown: Scotland, S.D.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- Total time in space: 24 days
- GERNHARDT, Michael L., Ph.D.
- Born May 4, 1956, in Mansfield, Ohio; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Vanderbilt University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in bioengineering from
- University of Pennsylvania
- STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 23 hours, 12 minutes
- Total time in space: 43 days
- GIBSON, Edward G., Ph.D.
- Born Nov. 8, 1936, in Buffalo, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering from the University of Rochester
- Master of Science in engineering and Doctor of Philosophy in engineering from California Institute of Technology
- Skylab 4 in 1974
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 21 minutes
- Total time in space: 84 days
- GIBSON, Robert L. “Hoot”, Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Oct. 30, 1946, in Cooperstown, N.Y.; hometown: Lakewood, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from California Polytechnic Institute
- STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986
- STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988
- STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- Total time in space: 36 days
- GODWIN, Linda M., Ph.D.
- Born July 2, 1952, in Cape Girardeau, Mo.; hometown: Jackson, Mo
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics & physics from Southeast Missouri State
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in physics from the University of Missouri
- STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 14 minutes
- Total time in space: 38 days
- GOOD, Michael T., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Oct. 13, 1962, in Parma, Ohio; hometown: Broadview Heights, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the
- University of Notre Dame
- STS-125 on Atlantis Space Shuttle in 2009
- STS-132 on Atlantis Space Shuttle in 2010
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 29 hours, 53 minutes
- Total time in space: 24 days
- GORIE, Dominic L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born May 2, 1957, in Lake Charles, La.
- Bachelor of Science in ocean engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee
- STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000
- STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001
- STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- Total time in space: 48 days
- GRABE, Ronald J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born June 13, 1945, in New York, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- Total time in space: 26 days
- GREGORY, Frederick D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Jan. 7, 1941, in Washington D.C.
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master’s in information systems from George Washington University
- STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- Total time in space: 18 days
- GREGORY, William G., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born May 14, 1957, in Lockport, N.Y
- Bachelor of Science in engineering science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in engineering mechanics from Columbia University
- Master of Science in management from Troy State University
- STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- Total time in space: 16 days
- GRUNSFELD, John M., Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 10, 1958 in Chicago, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in physics from the University of Chicago
- STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
- STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- 8 spacewalks for a total time of 58 hours, 30 minutes
- Total time in space: 58 days
- GUTIERREZ, Sidney M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born June 27, 1951, in Albuquerque, N.M.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Arts in management from Webster College
- STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
- STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- Total time in space: 20 days
- HAISE, Fred W., Jr.
- Born Nov. 14, 1933, in Biloxi, Miss.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Oklahoma
- ALT tests 1, 3, 5
- Apollo 13 in 1970
- Total time in space: 5 days
- HALSELL, James D., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Sept. 29, 1956, in Monroe, La.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in management from Troy State University
- Master of Science in space operations from the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology
- STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- Total time in space: 52 days
- HAM, Kenneth T., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Dec. 12, 1964, in Plainfield, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008
- STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010
- Total time in space: 25 days
- HAMMOND, L. Blaine, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Jan. 16, 1952, in Savannah, Ga.; hometown: St. Louis, Mo.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering science and Mechanics from the U. S. Air
- Force Academy
- Master of Science in engineering science and mechanics from the Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- Total time in space: 19 days
- HARBAUGH, Gregory J.
- Born April 15, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio; hometown: Willoughby, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from Purdue
- Master of Science in physical science from the University of Houston-Clear Lake
- STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 29 minutes
- Total time in space: 34 days
- HARRIS, Bernard A., Jr., M.D.
- Born June 26, 1956, in Temple, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in biology from the University of Houston
- Doctor of Medicine from Texas Tech University
- STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 39 minutes
- Total time in space: 18 days
- HART, Terry J.
- Born Oct. 27, 1946, in Pittsburgh, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Lehigh University
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from Rutgers University
- STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- Total time in space: 6 days
- HAUCK, Frederick H., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born April 11, 1941, in Long Beach, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Tufts University
- Master of Science in nuclear engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988
- Total time in space: 18 days
- HAWLEY, Steven A., Ph. D.
- Born Dec. 12, 1951, in Ottawa, Kan.; hometown: Salina, Kan.
- Bachelor of Arts in physics & astronomy from the University of Kansas
- Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy & astrophysics from the University of California
- STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986
- STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999
- Total time in space: 32 days
- HELMS, Susan J., Lieutenant General, U.S. Air Force
- Born Feb. 26, 1958, in Charlotte, N.C.; hometown: Portland, Ore.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautics and astronautics from Stanford University
- STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- Expedition 2: STS-102 Discovery (launch) and STS-105 Discovery (landing) in 2001
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 8 hours, 55 minutes
- Total time in space: 210 days
- HENNEN, Thomas J., Chief Warrant Officer, U. S. Army (retired)
- Payload specialist
- Born Aug. 17, 1952, in Albany, Ga.; hometown: Columbus, Ohio
- STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- Total time in space: 6 days
- HENRICKS, Terence T., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born July 5, 1952, in Bryan, Ohio; hometown: Woodville, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Arts in public administration from Golden Gate University
- STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- Total time in space: 42 days
- HERNANDEZ, Jose M.
- Born Aug. 7, 1962, in French Camp, Calif.; hometown: Stockton, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the University of the Pacific
- Master of Science in electrical & computer engineering from the University of California-Santa Barbara
- STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- Total time in space: 13 days
- HERRINGTON, John B., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Sept. 14, 1958, in Wetumka, Okla.
- Bachelor of Science in applied mathematics from the University of Colorado
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 55 minutes
- Total time in space: 13 days
- HIEB, Richard J.
- Born Sept. 21, 1955, in Jamestown, N.D.
- Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and physics from Northwest Nazarene College
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Colorado
- STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 17 hours, 42 minutes
- Total time in space: 31 days
- HIGGINBOTHAM, Joan E.
- Born Aug. 3, 1964, in Chicago, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Southern Illinois University-Carbondale
- Master’s in management from the Florida Institute of Technology
- Master’s in space systems from Florida Institute of Technology
- STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- Total time in space: 12 days
- HILMERS, David O., Colonel, U.S Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Jan. 28, 1950, in Clinton, Iowa
- Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Cornell University
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988
- STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- Total time in space: 20 days
- HIRE, Kathryn P. “Kay,” Captain, U.S Navy Reserve
- Born Aug. 26, 1959, in Mobile, Ala.; hometown: Merritt Island, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering & management from the U.S Naval Academy
- Master of Science in space technology from Florida State Institute of Technology
- STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998
- STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010
- Total time in space: 29 days
- HOBAUGH, Charles O., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Nov. 6, 1961, in Bar Harbor, Maine
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001
- STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007
- STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- Total time in space: 36 days
- HOFFMAN, Jeffrey A., Ph.D.
- Born Nov. 2, 1944, in Brooklyn, N.Y.; hometown: Scarsdale, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Arts in astronomy from Amherst College
- Master’s Degree in materials science from Rice University
- Doctor of Philosophy in astrophysics from Harvard University
- STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 8 minutes
- Total time in space: 50 days
- HOLMQUEST, Donald L., Ph.D., M.D., J.D.
- Born April 7, 1939, in Dallas, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Southern Methodist University
- Doctor of Philosophy in physiology from Baylor University
- Doctor of Medicine from Baylor University
- Juris Doctorate from the University of Houston
- Total time in space: 0
- HOPKINS, Michael S., Colonel, U.S. Space Force
- Born Aug. 6, 1969, in Lebanon, Mo.; hometown: Richland, Mo.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Illinois
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Stanford University
- Expedition 37/38 on Soyuz in 2013-2014
- Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 1 minute
- Total time in space: 166 days
- HOROWITZ, Scott J., Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born March 24, 1957, in Philadelphia, Pa.; hometown: Thousand Oaks, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering from California State University-Northridge
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- STS-105 on Discovery in 2001
- Total time in space: 47 days
- HUGHES-FULFORD, Millie, Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born Dec. 21, 1945, in Mineral Wells, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in chemistry and biology from Tarleton State University
- Doctor of Philosophy from Texas Woman’s University
- STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
- Total time in space: 9 days
- HURLEY, Douglas G., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Oct. 21, 1966 in Endicott, N.Y.; hometown: Apalachin, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from Tulane University
- STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009
- STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011
- SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo 2 in 2020
- Total time in space: 64 days
- IVINS, Marsha S.
- Born April 15, 1951, in Baltimore, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Colorado
- STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001
- Total time in space: 55 days
- JEMISON, Mae C., M.D.
- Born Oct. 17, 1956, in Decatur, Ala.; hometown: Chicago, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Stanford University
- Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University
- STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- Total time in space: 7 days
- JERNIGAN, Tamara E., Ph.D.
- Born May 7, 1959, in Chattanooga, Tenn.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Stanford University
- Master of Science in engineering science from Stanford University
- Master of Science in astronomy from the University of California-Berkeley
- Doctor of Philosophy in space physics and astronomy from Rice University
- STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
- STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- 1 spacewalk with total time of 7 hours, 55 minutes
- Total time in space: 62 days
- JETT, Brent W., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Oct. 5, 1958, in Pontiac, Mich.; hometown: Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000
- STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006
- Total time in space: 41 days
- JOHNSON, Gregory C., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born July 30, 1954, in Seattle, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Washington
- STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- Total time in space: 12 days
- JOHNSON, Gregory H., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born May 12, 1962, in South Ruislip, Middlesex, U.K.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in flight structures engineering from Columbia University
- Master of Business Administration from the University of Texas
- STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011
- Total time in space: 31 days
- JONES, Thomas D., Ph.D.
- Born Jan. 22, 1955, in Baltimore, Md.; hometown: Essex, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in basic sciences from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Doctor on Philosophy in planetary science from the University of Arizona
- STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 48 minutes
- Total time in space: 53 days
- KAVANDI, Janet L., Ph.D.
- Born July 17, 1959, in Springfield, Mo.
- Bachelor of Science in chemistry from Missouri Southern State University
- Master of Science in chemistry from the Missouri University of Science and Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in analytical chemistry from the University of Washington
- STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000
- STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001
- Total time in space: 33 days
- KELLY, Mark E., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Feb. 21, 1964, in Orange, N.J.; hometown: West Orange, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in marine engineering & nautical science from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001
- STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008
- STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011
- Total time in space: 54 days
- KELLY, Scott J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Feb. 21, 1964, in Orange, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the State University of
- New York Maritime College
- Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville
- STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007
- Expedition 26, launch and landing on Soyuz, in 2010
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 20 minutes
- Total time in space: 520 days
- KERWIN, Joseph P., M.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Feb. 19, 1932, in Oak Park, Ill.
- Bachelor of Arts in philosophy from College of the Holy Cross
- Doctor of Medicine from Northwestern University Medical School
- Skylab 2 in 1973
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 25 minutes
- Total time in space: 28 days
- KILRAIN (Still), Susan L., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born October 24, 1961, in Augusta, Ga.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Embry-Riddle University
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- Total time in space: 19 days
- KIMBROUGH, Robert “Shane”, Colonel, U.S. Army
- Born June 4, 1967, in Killeen, Texas; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in operations research from Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- Expedition 49/50 on Soyuz in 2016-2017
- Crew-2 and Expedition 64/65 in 2021
- 9 spacewalks for a total time of 59 hours, 28 minutes as of August 31, 2021
- Total time in space: 388 days
- KOPRA, Timothy L., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born April 9, 1963, in Austin, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in computer science from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology
- Master of Strategic Studies from the U. S. Army War College
- Expedition 20: STS-127 Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-128 Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2009
- Expedition 46/47 in 2015-2016
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 31 minutes
- Total time in space: 58 days
- KREGEL, Kevin R.
- Born Sept. 16, 1956, in New York City; hometown: Amityville, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering from the U. S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Public Administration from Troy State University
- STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-87 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000
- Total time in space: 52 days
- LAWRENCE, Wendy B., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born July 2, 1959, in Jacksonville, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science in ocean engineering from the U.S Naval Academy
- Master of Science in ocean engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
- STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005
- Total time in space: 50 days
- LEE, Mark C., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Aug. 14, 1952, in Viroqua, Wis.
- Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from the U.S Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 1 minute
- Total time in space: 32 days
- LEESTMA, David C., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born May 6, 1949, in Muskegon, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-41-G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989
- STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 29 minutes
- Total time in space: 22 days
- LESLIE, Fred W., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born Dec. 19, 1951, in Ancon, Panama
- Bachelor of Science in engineering science from the University of Texas
- Doctor of Philosophy and Master’s in meteorology from the University of Oklahoma
- STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995
- Total time in space: 15 days
- LICHTENBERG, Byron K., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born Feb. 19, 1948, in Stroudsburg, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from Brown University
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Science in biomedical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983
- STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- Total time in space: 19 days
- LINDSEY, Steven W., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Aug. 24, 1960, in Arcadia, Calif.; hometown: Temple City, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering sciences from the U.S Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology
- STS-87 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001
- STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- Total time in space: 62 days
- LINENGER, Jerry M., M.D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Jan. 16, 1955, in Mount Clemens, Mich.; hometown: Eastpointe, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in bioscience from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in systems management from the University of Southern California
- Master of Public Health in health policy from the University of North Carolina
- Doctor of Medicine from Wayne State University
- Doctor of Philosophy in epidemiology from the University of North Carolina
- STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- STS-81 Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-84 Space Shuttle Atlantis (landing) in 1997
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 59 minutes
- Total time in space: 143 days
- LINTERIS, Gregory T., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born Oct. 4, 1957, in Demarest, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Princeton University
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Stanford University
- Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical and aerospace engineering from
- Princeton University
- STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS 94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- Total time in space: 19 days
- LOCKHART, Paul S., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born April 28, 1956, in Amarillo, Texas
- Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Texas Tech University
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas
- Graduate of the Royal College of Defense Studies, London, England
- STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002
- STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002
- Total time in space: 27 days
- LOPEZ-ALEGRIA, Michael E., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born May 30, 1958, in Madrid, Spain; hometown: Mission Viejo, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in systems engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- Graduate of Harvard University Kennedy School of Government Program for Senior Executives in National and International Security
- STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995
- STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000
- STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002
- Expedition 14 on Soyuz in 2006
- 10 spacewalks for a total time of 67 hours, 40 minutes
- Total time in space: 257 days
- LORIA, Christopher J. “Gus”, Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born July 9, 1960, in Belmont, Mass.; hometown: League City, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in general engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master’s in public administration from Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government
- Total time in space: 0
- LOUSMA, Jack R., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Feb. 29, 1936, in Grand Rapids, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Michigan
- Master in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- Skylab 3 in 1973
- STS-3 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 2 minutes
- Total time in space: 67 days
- LOVELL, James A., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born March 25, 1928, in Cleveland, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Advanced Management Program – Harvard Business School
- Gemini 7 in 1965
- Gemini 12 in 1966
- Apollo 8 in 1968
- Apollo 13 in 1970
- Total time in space: 29 days
- LU, Edward T., Ph.D.
- Born July 1, 1963, in Springfield, Mass.; hometown: Honolulu, Hawaii
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Cornell University
- Doctor of Philosophy in applied physics from Stanford University
- STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- Expedition 7 on Soyuz in 2003
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours 14 minutes
- Total time in space: 206 days
- LUCID, Shannon W., Ph.D.
- Born Jan. 14, 1943, in Shanghai, China; hometown: Bethany, Okla.
- Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the University of Oklahoma
- Master of Science in biochemistry from the University of Oklahoma
- Doctor of Philosophy in biochemistry from the University of Oklahoma
- STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- Mir: STS-76 on Atlantis (launch) and STS-79 on Atlantis (landing) in 1996
- Total time in space: 223 days
- MAGNUS, Sandra H., Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 30, 1964, in Belleville, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of Missouri-Rolla
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from the Missouri University of Science and Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in materials science and engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- Expedition 18: STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2009
- STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011
- Total time in space: 157 days
- MARSHBURN, Thomas H., M.D.
- Born Aug. 29, 1960, in Statesville, N.C.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Davidson College
- Master of Science in engineering physics from University of Virginia
- Doctor of Medicine from Wake Forest University
- Master’s in medical science from University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston
- STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009
- Expedition 34/35 on Soyuz in 2013
- Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 31 hours, 1 minutes
- Total time in space: 337 Days
- MASSIMINO, Michael J., Ph.D.
- Born Aug. 19, 1962, in Oceanside, N.Y.; hometown: Franklin Square, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in industrial engineering from Columbia University
- Master of Science in technology and policy from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
- STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- 4 spacewalks with total time of 30 hours, 44 minutes
- Total time in space: 23 days
- MASTRACCHIO, Richard A.
- Born Feb. 11, 1960, in Waterbury, Conn.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and computer science from the
- University of Connecticut
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Master of Science in physical sciences from the University of Houston-Clear Lake
- STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007
- STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010
- 9 spacewalks for a total time of 53 hours, 4 minutes
- Total time in space: 39 days
- McARTHUR, William S. “Bill,” Jr., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born July 26, 1951, in Laurinburg, N.C.; hometown: Wakulla, N.C.
- Bachelor of Science in applied science & engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000
- Expedition 12 on Soyuz in 2005
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 24 hours, 21 minutes
- Total time in space: 224 days
- McBRIDE, Jon A., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Aug. 14, 1943, in Charleston, W. Va.; hometown: Beckley, W.V.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval
- Postgraduate School
- STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- Total time in space: 8 days, 5 hours, 23 minutes
- McCULLEY, Michael J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Aug. 4, 1943, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: Livingston, Tenn.
- Bachelor of Science in metallurgical engineering from Purdue University
- Master of Science in metallurgical engineering from Purdue University
- STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- Total time in space: 4 days
- McMONAGLE, Donald R., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born May 14, 1952, in Flint, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering for the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California State University-Fresno
- STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994
- Total time in space: 25 days
- MEADE, Carl J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Nov. 16, 1950 at Chanute Air Force Base, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in electronics engineering from the University of Texas
- Master of Science in electronics engineering from California Institute of Technology
- STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 51 minutes
- Total time in space: 29 days
- MELNICK, Bruce E., Commander, U.S. Coast Guard (retired)
- Born Dec. 5, 1949, in New York, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering from the U.S Coast Guard Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical systems from West Florida University
- STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- Total time in space: 12 days
- MELVIN, Leland D.
- Born Feb. 15, 1964, in Lynchburg, Va.
- Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the University of Richmond
- Master of Science in materials science engineering from the University of Virginia
- STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008
- STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- Total time in space: 23 days
- METCALF-LINDENBURGER, Dorothy M.
- Educator Astronaut
- Born May 2, 1975, in Colorado Springs, Colo.; hometown: Fort Collins, Colo. Bachelor of Arts in geology from Whitman College
- STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010
- Total time in space: 15 days
- MORGAN, Barbara R.
- Born Nov. 28, 1951, in Fresno, Calif.; hometowns: Fresno, Calif. and McCall, Idaho
- Bachelor of Arts in human biology from Stanford University
- Teaching credentials from the College of Notre Dame – Belmont, California
- STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007
- Total time in space: 12 days
- MULLANE, Richard M. (Mike), Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Sept. 10, 1945, in Wichita Falls, Texas; hometown: Albuquerque, N.M.
- Bachelor of Science in military engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Air Force Institute of Technology
- STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988
- STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- Total time in space: 14 days
- MUSGRAVE, Story, M.D.
- Born Aug. 19, 1935, in Boston, Mass.; hometown: Lexington, Ky.
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics and statistics from Syracuse University
- Bachelor of Arts in chemistry from Marietta College
- Master of Business Administration in operations analysis and computer programming from the University of California-Los Angeles
- Master of Science in physiology and biophysics from the University of Kentucky
- Master of Arts in literature from the University of Houston
- Doctor of Medicine from Columbia University
- STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 12 minutes
- Total time in space: 53 days
- NELSON, Bill, J.D., U. S. senator
- Payload specialist
- Born Sept. 29, 1942, in Miami, Fla.
- Bachelor’s degree from Yale University
- Law degree from the University of Virginia
- STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1985
- Total time in space: 6 days
- NELSON, George D., Ph.D.
- Born July 13, 1950, in Charles City, Iowa; hometown: Willmar, Minn.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Harvey Mudd College
- Master of Science in astronomy from the University of Washington
- Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from the University of Washington
- STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- STS-6-C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986
- STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 9 hour, 22 minutes
- Total time in space: 17 days
- NEWMAN, James H., Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 16, 1956, in Trust Territory, Pacific Islands; hometown: San Diego, Calif.
- Bachelor of Arts in physics from Dartmouth College
- Master of Arts in physics from Rice University
- Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Rice University
- STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 43 hours, 13 minutes
- Total time in space: 43 days
- NOREIGA, Carlos I., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Oct. 8, 1959, in Lima, Peru; hometown: Santa Clara, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in computer science from the University of Southern California
- Master of Science in computer science from the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School
- Master of Science in space systems operations from the Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1987
- STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 20 minutes
- Total time in space: 20 days
- NOWAK, Lisa M. Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born May 10, 1963, in Washington, D.C.; hometown: Rockville, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- Total time in space: 12 days
- NYBERG, Karen L., Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 7, 1969, in Parker’s Prairie, Minn.; hometown: Vining, Minn.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of North Dakota
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from the
- University of Texas
- STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008
- Expedition 36/37 on Soyuz in 2013
- Total time in space: 180 days
- OCHOA, Ellen, Ph.D.
- Born May 10, 1958, in Los Angeles; hometown: La Mesa, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from San Diego State University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from
- Stanford University
- STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994
- STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- O’CONNOR, Bryan D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Sept. 6, 1946, in Orange, Calif.; hometown: Twentynine Palms, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical systems from West Florida University
- Graduated Naval Safety School from the Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
- Total time in space: 15 days
- OEFELEIN, William A., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born March 29, 1965, in Ft. Belvoir, Va.; hometown: Anchorage, Alaska
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Oregon State University
- Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee Space Institute
- STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- Total time in space: 12 days, 20 hours, 45 minutes
- OLIVAS, John D., Ph.D.
- Born May 25, 1966, in North Hollywood, Calif.; hometown: El Paso, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas-El Paso
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Houston
- Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering & materials science from Rice University
- STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
- STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 34 hours, 28 minutes
- Total time in space: 27 days
- OSWALD, Stephen S.
- Born June 30, 1951, in Seattle, Wash.; hometown: Bellingham, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- Total time in space: 33 days
- PAILES, William A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Payload Specialist
- Born June 26, 1952, in Hackensack, N.J.; hometown: Kinnelon, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in computer science from the U. S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in computer science from Texas A&M University
- STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- Total time in space: 4 days
- PARAZYNSKI, Scott E., M.D.
- Born July 28, 1961, in Little Rock, Ark.; hometowns: Palo Alto, Calif. and
- Evergreen, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in biology from Stanford University
- Doctor of Medicine from Stanford University
- STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994
- STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001
- STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007
- 7 spacewalks for a total time of 47 hours, 5 minutes
- Total time in space: 58 days
- PARKER, Robert A. R., Ph.D.
- Born Dec. 14, 1936, in New York City
- Bachelor of Arts in astronomy and physics from Amherst College
- Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from California Institute of Technology
- STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983
- STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- Total time in space: 19 days
- PATRICK, Nicholas J.M., Ph.D.
- Born March 22, 1964, in Saltburn, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom; hometowns: London, England, and Rye, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Arts in engineering from the University of Cambridge, England
- Master of Arts in engineering from the University of Cambridge, England
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 14 minutes
- Total time in space: 26 days
- PAWELCZYK, James A., Ph.D.
- Payload Specialist
- Born Sept. 20, 1960, in Buffalo, N.Y.; hometown: Elma, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Arts in biology and psychology from the University of Rochester
- Master of Science in physiology from Pennsylvania State University
- Doctor of Philosophy in biology from the University of North Texas
- STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998
- Total time in space: 15 days
- PAYTON, Gary E., major, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Payload Specialist
- Born June 20, 1948, in Rock Island, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering the U. S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in astronautical and aeronautical engineering from Purdue University
- STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- Total time in space: 3 days
- PHILLIPS, John L., Captain, Ph.D., U.S. Naval Reserves (retired)
- Born April 15, 1951, in Fort Belvoir, Va.; hometown: Scottsdale, Ariz.
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Bachelor of Science in Russian from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical systems from the University of West Florida
- Master of Science in geophysics and space physics from the University of California-Los Angeles
- Doctorate in geophysics and space physics from the University of California-
- Los Angeles
- STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001
- Expedition 11 on Soyuz in 2005
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 58 minutes
- Total time in space: 203 days
- POLANSKY, Mark L.
- Born June 2, 1956, in Paterson, N.J.; hometown: Edison, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from Purdue University
- Master of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from Purdue University
- STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009
- Total time in space: 41 days
- PRECOURT, Charles J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born June 29, 1955, in Waltham, Mass.; hometown: Hudson, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in engineering management from Golden Gate University
- Master of Arts in national security affairs & strategic studies from the U.S Naval War College
- STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- Total time in space: 39 days
- READDY, William F., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Jan. 24, 1952, in Quonset Point, R.I.; hometown: McLean, Va.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S Naval Academy
- STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- Total time in space: 28 days
- REIGHTLER, Kenneth S., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born March 24, 1951, in Patuxent River, MD; hometown: Virginia Beach, Va.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- Master of Science in systems management from the University of Southern California
- STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- Total time in space: 13 days
- REILLY, James F., Ph.D.
- Born March 18, 1954, at Mountain Home AFB, Idaho; hometown: Mesquite, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in geosciences from the University of Texas-Dallas
- Master of Science in geosciences from the University of Texas-Dallas
- Doctor of Philosophy in geosciences from the University of Texas-Dallas
- STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001
- STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 30 hours, 39 minutes
- Total time in space: 35 days
- REISMAN, Garrett E., Ph.D.
- Born Feb. 10, 1968, in Morristown, N.J.; hometown: Parsippany, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in economics from the University of Pennsylvania
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from California Institute of Technology
- Expedition 16/17: STS-123 Endeavour (launch) and STS-124 Discovery (landing),
- in 2008
- STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 12 minutes
- Total time in space: 107 days
- RICHARDS, Paul W.
- Born May 20, 1964 in Scranton, Pa; hometown: Dunmore, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Drexel University
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland
- STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 21 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days
- RICHARDS, Richard N., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Aug. 24, 1946, in Key West, Fla.; hometown: St. Louis, Mo.
- Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from the University of Missouri
- Master of Science in aeronautical systems from the University of West Florida
- STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989
- STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- Total time in space: 33 days
- ROBINSON, Stephen K., Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 26, 1955, in Sacramento, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical/aeronautical engineering from the University of California – Davis
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Stanford University
- Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering (minor in aeronautics and astronautics) from Stanford University
- STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005
- STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 20 hours, 5 minutes
- Total time in space: 48 days
- ROMINGER, Kent V., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Aug. 7, 1956, in Del Norte, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from Colorado State University
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995
- STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1991
- Total time in space: 67 days
- ROSS, Jerry L., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Jan. 20, 1948, in Crown Point, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Purdue University
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Purdue University
- STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988
- STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- 9 spacewalks for a total time of 57 hours, 55 minutes
- Total time in space: 58 days
- RUNCO, Mario, Jr., Lieutenant Commander, U.S Navy (retired)
- Born Jan. 26, 1952, in Bronx, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in earth & planetary science from City College of New York
- Master of Science in atmospheric physics from Rutgers University
- STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 28 minutes
- Total time in space: 22 days
- SACCO, Albert, Jr., Ph.D.
- Payload Specialist
- Born May 3, 1949, in Boston, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Northeastern University
- Doctor of Philosophy in chemical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995
- Time in space: 15 days
- SATCHER, Robert L., Jr., M.D.
- Born Sept. 22, 1965, in Hampton, Va.
- Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctorate in chemical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Medicine from Harvard University
- STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 19 minutes
- Total time in space: 10 days
- SCHMITT, Harrison H.
- Born July 3, 1935, in Santa Rita, N.M.
- Bachelor of Science in geology from California Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in geology from Harvard University
- Apollo 17 in 1972
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 5 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days
- SCHWEICKART, Russell L.
- Born on Oct. 25, 1935, in Neptune, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Apollo 9 in 1969
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 46 minutes
- Total time in space: 10 days
- SCOTT, David R., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born June 6, 1932, in San Antonio, Texas
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Gemini 8 in 1966
- Apollo 9 in 1969
- Apollo 15 in 1971
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 35 minutes
- Total time in space: 22 days
- SCOTT, Winston E., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Aug. 6, 1950, in Miami, Fla.
- Bachelor of Arts in music from Florida State University
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-72 on Endeavour in 1996
- STS-87 on Columbia in 1997
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 36 minutes
- Total time in space: 24 days
- SCULLY- POWER, Paul D.
- Payload specialist
- Born May 28, 1944, in Sydney, Australia
- Bachelor of Science in applied mathematics from the University of Sydney
- STS-41G on Challenger in 1984
- Total time in space: 8 days
- SEDDON, Margaret Rhea
- Born Nov. 8, 1947, in Murfreesboro, Tenn.
- Bachelor of Arts in physiology from the University of California-Berkeley
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Tennessee
- STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
- STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- Total time in space: 30 days
- SEGA, Ronald M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force Reserves (retired)
- Born Dec. 4, 1952, in Cleveland, Ohio; hometowns: Northfield, Ohio, and
- Colorado Springs, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in physics & math from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in physics from The Ohio State University
- Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from the University of Colorado
- STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994
- STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- Total time in space: 17 days
- SHAW, Brewster H., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born May 16, 1945, in Cass City, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering mechanics from the University of Wisconsin
- Master of Science in engineering mechanics from the University of Wisconsin
- STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983
- STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989
- Total time in space: 22 days
- SHEPHERD, William M., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born July 26, 1949, in Oak Ridge, Tenn.; hometown: Babylon, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988
- STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- Expedition 1: Soyuz (launch) in 2000 and STS-102 Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2001
- Total time in space: 159 days
- SHRIVER, Loren J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Sept. 23, 1944, in Jefferson, Iowa
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in astronautical engineering from Purdue University
- STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- Total time in space: 16 days
- SMITH, Steven L.
- Born Dec. 30, 1958, in Phoenix, Ariz.; hometown: San Jose, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Stanford University
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from Stanford University
- Master of Business Administration from Stanford University
- STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- 7 spacewalks for a total time of 49 hours, 48 minutes
- Total time in space: 40 days
- SPRING, Sherwood C., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Sept. 3, 1944, in Hartford, Conn.
- Bachelor of Science in general engineering from the U.S Military Academy
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Arizona
- STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 13 minutes
- Total time in space: 6 days
- SPRINGER, Robert C., Colonel, U. S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born May 21, 1942, in St. Louis; hometown: Ashland, Ohio.
- Bachelor of Science in naval science from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in operations research & systems analysis from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- Total time in space: 9 days
- STAFFORD, Thomas P., lieutenant general, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Sept. 17, 1930, in Weatherford, Okla.
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Gemini 6 in 1965
- Gemini 9 in 1966
- Apollo 10 in 1969
- Apollo Soyuz Test Project in 1975
- Total time in space: 21 days
- STEFANYSHYN-PIPER, Heidemarie M., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Feb. 7, 1963, in St. Paul, Minn.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006
- STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 33 hours, 42 minutes
- Total time in space: 27 days
- STEWART, Robert L., Brigadier General, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Aug. 13, 1942, in District of Columbia
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the University of Southern Mississippi
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas-Arlington
- STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 12 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days
- STOTT, Nicole P.
- Born Nov. 19, 1962, in Albany, N.Y.; hometown: Clearwater, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
- University
- Master of Science in engineering management from the University of Central Florida
- Expeditions 20/21 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 35 minutes
- Total time in space: 104 days
- STURCKOW, Frederick W., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Aug. 11, 1961, in La Mesa, Calif.; hometown: Lakeside, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from California Polytechnic
- State University
- STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
- STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- Total time in space: 51 days
- SULLIVAN, Kathryn D., Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 3, 1951, in Patterson, N.J.; hometown: Woodland Hills, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in Earth sciences from the University of California-Santa Cruz
- Master of Science in Earth sciences from the University of California-Santa Cruz
- Doctor of Philosophy in geology from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
- STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 29 minutes
- Total time in space: 22 days
- SWANSON, Steven R., Ph.D.
- Born Dec. 3, 1960, in Syracuse, N.Y.; hometown: Steamboat Springs, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering physics from the University of Colorado
- Master of Applied Science in computer systems from Florida Atlantic University
- Doctor of Philosophy in computer science from Texas A&M University
- STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 27 hours, 58 minutes
- Total time in space: 26 days, 15 hours, 41 minutes
- TANI, Daniel M.
- Born Feb. 1, 1961, in Ridley Park, Pa.; hometown: Lombard, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-108 on Endeavour in 2001
- Expedition 16: STS-120 Space Shuttle Discovery (launch) and STS-122 Space Shuttle Atlantis (landing) in 2008
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 39 hours, 11 minutes
- Total time in space: 31 days
- TANNER, Joseph R.
- Born Jan. 21, 1950, in Danville, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois
- STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994
- STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000
- STS-115 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- 7 spacewalks for a total time of 46 hours, 29 minutes
- Total time in space: 43 days
- THAGARD, Norman E., M.D.
- Born July 3, 1943, in Marianna, Fla.; hometown: Jacksonville, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering science from Florida State University
- Master of Science in engineering science from Florida State University
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
- STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- Mir: Soyuz (launch) and STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (landing) in 1995
- Total time in space: 140 days
- THOMAS, Andrew S.W., Ph.D.
- Born Dec. 18, 1951, in Adelaide, South Australia
- Bachelor of Engineering in mechanical engineering from the University of Adelaide
- Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from the University of Adelaide
- STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- Mir: STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 1998
- STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 21 minutes
- Total time in space: 177 days
- THOMAS, Donald A., Ph.D.
- Born May 6, 1955, in Cleveland, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Case Western Reserve University
- Master of Science in materials science from Cornell University
- Doctor of Philosophy in materials science from Cornell University
- STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- Total time in space: 43 days
- THORNTON, Kathryn C.,
- Born Aug. 17, 1952, in Montgomery, Ala.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Auburn University
- Master of Science in physics from the University of Virginia
- Doctor of Philosophy in physics from the University of Virginia
- STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 11 minutes
- Total time in space: 40 days
- THUOT, Pierre J., Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born May 19, 1955, in Groton, Conn.; hometowns: Fairfax, Va., and
- New Bedford, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in system management from the University of Southern California
- STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990
- STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 17 hours, 42 minutes
- Total time in space: 27 days
- TRINH, Eugene H., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born Sept. 14, 1950, in Saigon, Vietnam.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering-applied physics from
- Columbia University
- Master of Science and of Philosophy in applied physics from Yale University
- Doctor of Philosophy in applied physics from Yale University
- STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- Total time in space: 13 days
- TRULY, Richard H., vice admiral, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Nov. 12, 1937, in Fayette, Miss.
- Bachelor of Aeronautical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology
- ALT tests 2 and 4
- STS-2 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981
- STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- Total time in space: 8 days
- VAN DEN BERG, Lodewijk, Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born March 24, 1932, in Sluiskil, The Netherlands
- Master of Science in chemical engineering from Technical University, Delft,
- The Netherlands
- Master of Science in applied science from the University of Delaware
- Doctor of Philosophy applied science from the University of Delaware
- STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Time in space: 7 days, 8 minutes
- VAN HOFTEN, James D., Ph.D.
- Born June 11, 1944, in Fresno, Calif.; hometown: Burlington, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from the University of California-Berkeley
- Master of Science in hydraulic engineering from Colorado State University
- Doctor of Philosophy in fluid mechanics from Colorado State University
- STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 8 minutes
- Total time in space: 14 days
- VIRTS, Terry, Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Dec. 1967, in Baltimore, Md.; hometown: Columbia, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics & minor in French from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Advanced Studies in aeronautics from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
- STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 2 minutes
- Total time in space: 13 days
- VOSS, James S., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born March 3, 1949, in Cordova, Ala.; hometown: Opelika, Ala.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from Auburn University
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering sciences from the University of Colorado
- STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- Expedition 2: STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery (launch) and STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2001
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 35 minutes
- Total time in space: 202 days
- WALKER, Charles D.
- Payload specialist
- Born Aug. 29, 1948, in Bedford, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from
- Purdue University
- STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- Total time in space: 19 days
- WALHEIM, Rex J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Oct. 10, 1962, in Redwood, Calif.; hometown: San Carlos, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of California Berkeley
- Master of Science in industrial engineering from University of Houston
- STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008
- STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 36 hours, 23 minutes
- Total time in space: 36 days
- WALZ, Carl E., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Sept. 6, 1955, in Cleveland, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Kent State University
- Master of Science in solid-state physics from John Carroll University
- STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993
- STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- Expedition 4: STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (landing) in 2002
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 55 minutes
- Total time in space: 230 days
- WANG, Taylor G., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born June 16, 1940, Mainland China
- Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of California at Los Angeles
- Master of Science in physics from the University of California at Los Angeles
- Doctor of Philosophy in physics from the University of California at Los Angeles
- STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 7 days
- WEBER, Mary E., Ph.D.
- Born Aug. 24, 1962, in Cleveland, Ohio; hometown: Bedford Heights, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Purdue University
- Doctor of Philosophy in physical chemistry from the University of California-Berkeley
- STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- Total time in space: 18 days
- WETHERBEE, James D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Nov. 27, 1952, in Flushing, N.Y.; hometown: Huntington Station, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Notre Dame
- STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002
- Total time in space: 66 days
- WHITSON, Peggy A., Ph.D.
- Born Feb. 9, 1960, in Mt. Ayr, Iowa; hometown: Beaconsfield, Iowa
- Bachelor of Science in biology/chemistry from Iowa Wesleyan College
- Doctor of Philosophy in biochemistry from Rice University
- Expedition 5: STS-111 Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) & STS-113 Space Shuttle Endeavour (landing) in 2002
- Expedition 16 on Soyuz 2007
- 10 spacewalks for a total time of 60 hours, 21 minutes
- Total time in space: 376 days
- WILCUTT, Terrence “Terry” W., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Oct. 31, 1949 in Russellville, Ky.; hometown: Louisville, Ky.
- Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Western Kentucky University
- STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- Total time in space: 42 days
- WILLIAMS, Jeffrey “Jeff” N., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Jan. 18, 1958, in Superior, Wis.; hometown: Winter, Wis.
- Bachelor of Science in applied science and engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- Master of Arts in national security and strategic studies from the U.S. Naval War College
- STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- Expedition 13 on Soyuz in 2006
- Expeditions 21/22 on Soyuz in 2009
- Expeditions 47/48 on Soyuz in 2016
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 31 hours, 55 minutes
- Total time in space: 534 days
- WISOFF, Peter J. K., Ph.D.
- Born Aug. 16, 1958, in Norfolk, Va.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of Virginia
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in applied physics from Stanford University
- STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 53 minutes
- Total time in space: 44 days
- WOLF, David A.
- Born Aug. 23, 1956, in Indianapolis, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Purdue University
- Doctor of Medicine from Indiana University
- STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- Mir: STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (landing) in 1998
- STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis 2002
- STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009
- 7 spacewalks for a total time of 41 hours, 57 minutes
- Total time in space: 168 days
- WOODWARD, Neil W., III, Commander, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born July 26, 1962, in Chicago, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Arts in physics from the University of Texas-Austin
- Master of Management from George Washington University
- Total time in space: 0
- ZAMKA, George D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born June 29, 1962, in Jersey City, N.J.; hometown: Rochester, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in engineering m})”Oanagement from Florida Institute of Technology
- STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007
- STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010
- Total time in space: 28 days
2.5 DECEASED ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS
A close-up view of an astronaut’s boot print in the lunar soil, photographed with a lunar surface camera during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Moon.
NASA
- ANDERS, William A., Major General, U.S. Air Force Reserve (retired)
- Born Oct. 17, 1933, in Hong Kong
- Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the U. S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology
- Apollo 8 in 1968
- Total time in space: 6 days
- DIED: June 7, 2024
- ANDERSON, Michael P., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Dec. 25, 1959, in Plattsburgh, N.Y.; hometown: Spokane, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics/Astronomy from University of Washington
- Master of Science in Physics from Creighton University
- STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003
- Total time in space: 24 days, 18 hours, 8 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 1, 2003
- ARMSTRONG, Neil A.
- Born Aug. 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Southern California
- Gemini 8 in 1966
- Apollo 11 in 1969
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 2 hours, 32 minutes
- Total time in space: 8 days, 13 hours, 59 minutes
- DIED: Aug. 25, 2012
- BASSETT II, Charles A., Captain, U.S. Air Force
- Born Dec. 30, 1931, in Dayton, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Texas Technological College
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Feb. 28, 1966
- BEAN, Alan L., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born March 15, 1932, in Wheeler, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Texas
- Apollo 12 in 1969
- Skylab 3 in 1973
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 8 minutes
- Total time in space: 69 days, 15 hours, 45 minutes
- DIED: May 26, 2018
- BOBKO, Karol J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Dec. 23, 1937, in New York, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Southern California
- STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- Total time in space: 16 days
- DIED: Aug.17, 2023
- BORMAN, Frank, Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born March 14, 1928, in Gary, Ind.,
- Bachelor of Science the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from California Institute of Technology
- Gemini 7 in 1965
- Apollo 8 in 1968
- Total time in space: 19 days
- BRADY, Charles E., Jr., M.D., Captain, U. S. Navy
- Born Aug. 12, 1951, in Pinehurst, N.C.; hometown: Robbins, N. C.
- Doctor of Medicine from Duke University
- STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- Total time in space: 16 days, 21 hours, 48 minutes
- DIED: July 23, 2006
- BROWN, David M., M.D., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born April 16, 1956, in Arlington, Va.
- Bachelor of Science in biology from College of William & Mary
- Doctor of Medicine from Eastern Virginia Medical School
- STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003
- Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 1, 2003
- BULL, John S., Ph.D.
- Born Sept. 25, 1934, in Memphis, Tenn.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Rice University
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from Stanford University
- Doctorate in aeronautical engineering from Stanford University
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Aug. 11, 2008
- CALDEIRO, Fernando
- Born June 12, 1958, in Buenos Aires, Argentina; hometown: New York, N.Y. and
- Merritt Island, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from University of Arizona
- Master of Science in engineering management from University of Central Florida
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Oct. 3, 2009
- CARPENTER, M. Scott, Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born May 1, 1925, in Boulder, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Colorado
- Mercury 7 in 1962
- Total time in space: 4 hours, 54 minutes
- DIED: Oct. 10, 2013
- CARR, Gerald P., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Aug. 22, 1932, in Denver, Colo.
- Bachelor of Engineering in mechanical engineering from the University of Southern California
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U. S. Naval Post Graduate School
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from Princeton University
- Honorary Doctor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Parks College-St. Louis University
- Skylab 4 in 1974
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 49 minutes
- Total time in space: 84 days, 1 hour, 15 minutes
- DIED: August 26, 2020
- CARTER, Manley Lanier “Sonny”, M.D., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Aug. 15, 1947, in Macon, Ga.
- Bachelor of Arts in chemistry from Emory University
- Doctor of Medicine from Emory University
- STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- Total time in space: 5 days, 7 minutes
- DIED: April 5, 1991
- CERNAN, Eugene A., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born March 14, 1934, in Chicago, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Purdue University
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Navy Postgraduate School
- Gemini 9 in 1966
- Apollo 10 in 1969
- Apollo 17 in 1972
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 24 hours, 14 minutes
- Total time in space: 23 days, 14 hours, 15 minutes
- DIED: January 16, 2017
- CHAFFEE, Roger B., Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born Feb. 15, 1935, in Grand Rapids, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Jan. 27, 1967
- CHAPMAN, Philip K., Ph.D.
- Born March 5, 1935, in Melbourne, Australia
- Bachelor of Science in physics and mathematics from the University of Sydney
- Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Science in instrumentation for Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: April 5, 2021
- CHAWLA, Kalpana, Ph.D.
- Born July 1, 1961, in Karnal, India
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Punjab Engineering College
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Texas-Arlington
- Doctor of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from University of Colorado
- STS-87 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003
- Total time in space: 30 days, 14 hours, 54 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 1, 2003
- CLARK, Laurel B., M.D., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born March 10, 1961, in Ames, Iowa; hometown: Racine, Wis.
- Bachelor of Science in zoology from University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Doctor of Medicine from University of Wisconsin-Madison
- STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003
- Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 1, 2003
- CLEAVE, Mary L., Ph. D.
- Born Feb. 5, 1947, in Southampton, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in biological sciences from Colorado State University
- Master of Science in microbial ecology from Utah State University
- Doctor of Philosophy in environmental engineering from Utah State University
- STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985
- STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- Total time in space: 10 days
- CLIFFORD, Michael R., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Oct. 13, 1952, in San Bernardino, Calif.; hometown: Ogden, Utah
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 2 minutes
- Total time in space: 27 days, 18 hours, 25 minutes
- Died: Dec. 28, 2021
- COLLINS, Michael, Major General, U.S. Air Force reserve (retired)
- Born Oct. 31, 1930, in Rome, Italy
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S Military Academy
- Gemini 10 in 1966
- Apollo 11 in 1969
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 27 minutes
- Total time in space: 11 days, 2 hours, 4 minutes
- DIED: April 28, 2021
- CONRAD, Charles “Pete”, Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born June 2, 1930, in Philadelphia, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Princeton University
- Gemini 5 in 1965
- Gemini 11in 1966
- Apollo 12 in 1969
- Skylab 2 in 1973
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 28 minutes
- Total time in space: 49 days, 3 hours, 38 minutes
- DIED: July 8, 1999.
- COOPER, L. Gordon, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born March 6, 1927, in Shawnee, Okla.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Air Force Institute of Technology
- Honorary Doctor of Science from Oklahoma City University
- Mercury 9 in 1963
- Gemini 5 in 1965
- Total time in space: 9 days, 9 hours, 15 minutes
- DIED: Oct. 4, 2004
- CUNNINGHAM, Walter, Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps Reserve (retired)
- Born March 16, 1932, in Creston, Iowa
- Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in physics from the University of
- California-Los Angeles
- Apollo 7 in 1968
- Total time in space: 10 days
- DIED: Jan. 3, 2023
- EISELE, Donn F., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born June 23, 1930, in Columbus, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in astronautics from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in astronautics from U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology
- Apollo 7 in 1968
- Total time in space: 10 days, 20 hours, 8 minutes
- DIED: Dec. 2, 1987
- ENGLE, Joe H., Major General, Air National Guard/U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Aug. 26, 1932, in Dickinson County, Kan.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Kansas
- 16 flights in USAF/NASA X-15 – 3 flights into space
- ALT flights 2 and 4
- STS-2 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981
- STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- Total time in space: 9 days
- DIED: July 10, 2024
- EVANS, Ronald E., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Nov. 10, 1933, in St. Francis, Kan.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from University of Kansas
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- Apollo 17 in 1972
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 7 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days, 13 hours, 52 minutes
- DIED: April 6, 1990
- FREEMAN, Theodore C., Captain, U.S. Air Force
- Born Feb. 18, 1930, in Haverford, Pa
- Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from University of Michigan
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Oct. 31, 1964
- FULLERTON, C. Gordon, Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Oct. 11, 1936, in Rochester, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California Institute of Technology
- STS-3 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982
- STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 50 minutes
- DIED: Aug. 21, 2013
- GARDNER, Dale A., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Nov. 8, 1948, in Fairmont, Minn.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering physics from the University of Illinois
- STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 42 minutes
- Total time in space: 14 days, 53 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 19, 2014
- GARRIOTT, Owen K.
- Born Nov. 22, 1930, in Enid, Okla.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from Stanford University
- Skylab 3 in 1973
- STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 43 minutes
- Total time in space: 69 days, 18 hours, 56 minutes
- DIED: April 15, 2019
- GIVENS, Edward G. Jr., Major, U.S. Air Force
- Born Jan. 5, 1930, in Quanah, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in naval sciences from U.S. Naval Academy
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: June 6, 1967
- GLENN, John H., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps
- Born July 18, 1921, in Cambridge, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in engineering from Muskingum College
- Mercury 6 in 1962
- STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998
- Total time in space: 9 days, 2 hours, 39 minutes
- DIED: Dec. 8, 2016
- GORDON, Richard F., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Oct. 5, 1929, in Seattle, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the University of Washington
- Gemini 11 in 1966
- Apollo 12 in 1969
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 38 minutes
- Total time in space: 13 days, 3 hours, 53 minutes
- DIED: Oct. 4, 2004
- GRAVELINE, Duane F.
- Born March 2, 1931, in Newport, Vt.
- Bachelor of Science from the University of Vermont
- Master of Science in public health from John Hopkins University
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Vermont
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: September 5, 2016
- GRIGGS, S. David
- Born Sept. 7, 1939, in Portland, Ore.
- Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in administration from George Washington University
- STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 6 minutes
- Total time in space: 6 days, 23 hours, 55 minutes
- DIED: June 17, 1989
- GRISSOM, Virgil I., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born April 3, 1926, in Mitchell, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Purdue University
- Mercury 4 in 1961
- Gemini 3 in 1965
- Total time in space: 5 hours, 8 minutes
- DIED: Jan. 27, 1967
- HARTSFIELD, Henry W., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Nov. 21, 1933, in Birmingham, Ala.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Auburn University
- Master of Science in engineering science from the University of Tennessee
- STS-4 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982
- STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- STS-61A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 20 days, 2 hours, 50 minutes
- DIED: July 17, 2014
- HENIZE, Karl G., Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 17, 1926, in Cincinnati, Ohio
- Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from University of Virginia
- Master of Arts in astronomy from University of Virginia
- Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from University of Michigan
- STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 7 days, 22 hours, 45 minutes
- DIED: Oct. 5, 1993
- HUSBAND, Rick D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born July 12, 1957, in Amarillo, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Texas Tech University
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California State University
- STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003
- Total time in space: 25 days, 17 hours, 33 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 1, 2003
- IRWIN, James B., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born March 17, 1930, in Pittsburgh, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in naval science from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering and instrumentation engineering from University of Michigan
- Apollo 15 in 1971
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 17 hours, 56 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes
- DIED: Aug. 8, 1991
- JARVIS, Gregory
- Payload Specialist
- Born Aug. 24, 1944, in Detroit, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from State University of New York at Buffalo
- Master’s in electrical engineering from Northeastern University
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Jan. 28, 1986
- LENOIR, William B.
- Born March 14, 1939, in Miami, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982
- Total time in space: 5 days, 2 hours, 14 minutes
- DIED: Aug. 26, 2012
- LIND, Don L., Ph.D.
- Born May 18, 1930, in Midvale, Utah
- Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of Utah
- Doctor of Philosophy in high-energy nuclear physics from the University of
- California-Berkley
- STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- Total time in space: 7 days
- DIED: Aug. 30, 2022
- LLEWELLYN, John A., Ph.D.
- Born April 22, 1933, in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the University College at Cardiff
- Doctor of Philosophy in chemistry from the University College of Cardiff
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: July 2, 2013
- LOUNGE, John M. “Mike”
- Born June 28, 1946, in Denver, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in physics and mathematics from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in astrogeophysics from University of Colorado
- STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988
- STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- Total time in space: 20 days, 3 hours, 23 minutes
- DIED: March 1, 2011
- LOW, G. David
- Born Feb. 19, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in physics-engineering from Washington & Lee University
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Cornell University
- Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Stanford University
- STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 5 hours, 50 minutes
- Total time in space: 29 days, 18 hours, 6 minutes
- DIED: March 15, 2008
- MATTINGLY, Thomas K., II, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born March 17, 1936, in Chicago, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Auburn University
- Apollo 16 in 1972
- STS-4 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982
- STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 24 minutes
- Total time in space: 21 days
- MCAULIFFE, S. Christa
- Educator Astronaut
- Born Sept. 2, 1948, in Boston, Mass.
- Bachelor of Arts in education Framingham State College
- Master’s in education Bowie State College
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Jan. 28, 1986
- McCANDLESS, Bruce, II, Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born June 8, 1937, in Boston, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from Stanford University
- Master of Science in business administration from the University of Houston-Clear Lake
- STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 12 minutes
- Total time in space: 13 days, 31 minutes
- DIED: Dec. 21, 2017
- McCOOL, William C., Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born Sept. 23, 1961, in San Diego, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in applied science from U.S Naval Academy
- Master of Science in computer science from University of Maryland
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003
- Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 1, 2003
- McDIVITT, James A., Brigadier General U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born June 10, 1929, in Chicago, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering from the University of Michigan
- Gemini 4 in 1965
- Apollo 9 in 1969
- Total time in space: 14 days
- DIED: Oct. 13, 2022
- McNAIR, Ronald E., Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 21, 1950, in Lake City, S.C.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from North Carolina A&T State College
- Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- Total time in space: 7 days, 23 hours, 15 minutes
- DIED: Jan. 28, 1986
- MICHEL, F. Curtis, Ph.D.
- Born June 5, 1934, in LaCrosse, Wis.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from California Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Philosophy in physics from California Institute of Technology
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Feb. 26, 2015
- MITCHELL, Edgar D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Sept. 17, 1930, in Hereford, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in industrial management from Carnegie Institute of
- Technology (now Carnegie-Mellon University)
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval
- Postgraduate School
- Doctor of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Apollo 14 in 1971
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 9 hours, 35 minutes
- Total time in space: 9 days, 42 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 4, 2016
- NAGEL, Steven R., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Oct. 27, 1946, in Canton, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Illinois
- Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California State University-Fresno
- STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-61A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- Total time in space: 30 days, 1 hour, 36 minutes
- DIED: Aug. 21, 2014
- O’LEARY, Brian T.
- Born Jan. 27, 1940, in Boston, Mass.
- Bachelor of Arts in physics from Williams College
- Master of Arts in astronomy from Georgetown University
- Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from University of California-Berkeley
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: July 28, 2011
- ONIZUKA, Ellison S., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born June 24, 1946, in Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Colorado
- Master of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Colorado
- STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- Total time in space: 3 days, 1 hour, 33, minutes
- DIED: Jan. 28, 1986
- OVERMYER, Robert F., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps
- Born July 14, 1936, in Lorain, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Baldwin Wallace College
- Master of Science in aeronautics from U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982
- STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 12 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes
- DIED: March 22, 1996
- PARISE, Ronald A.
- Payload Specialist
- Born May 24, 1951, in Warren, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Youngstown State University
- Master of Science in astronomy from University of Florida
- Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from University of Florida
- STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990
- STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- Total time in space: 25 days, 14 hours, 14 minutes
- DIED: May 9, 2008
- PETERSON, Donald H., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Oct. 22, 1933, in Winona, Miss.
- Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in nuclear engineering from the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology
- STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 17 minutes
- Total time in space: 5 days, 23 minutes
- DIED: May 27, 2018
- POGUE, William, Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Jan. 23, 1930, in Okemah, Okla.
- Bachelor of Science in education from Oklahoma Baptist University
- Master of Science in mathematics from Oklahoma State University
- Skylab 4 in 1974
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 34 minutes
- Total time in space: 84 days, 1 hour, 15 minutes
- DIED: March 3, 2014
- POINDEXTER, Alan G., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Nov. 5, 1961, in Pasadena, Calif.; hometown: Rockville, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute
- of Technology
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from U.S. Naval
- Postgraduate School
- STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008
- STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010
- Total time in space: 27 days, 21 hours, 9 minutes
- DIED: July 1, 2012
- RESNIK, Judith A., Ph.D.
- Born April 5, 1949, in Akron, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University
- Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from University of Maryland
- STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- Total time in space: 6 days, 56 minutes
- DIED: Jan. 28, 1986
- RIDE, Sally K., Ph.D.
- Born May 26, 1951, in Los Angeles
- Bachelor of Science in physics from Stanford University
- Bachelor of Arts in English from Stanford University
- Master of Science in physics from Stanford University
- Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Stanford University
- STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- Total time in space: 14 days, 7 hours, 46 minutes
- DIED: July 23, 2012
- ROBERTSON, Patricia Hilliard, M.D.
- Born March 12, 1963, in Indiana, Pa.; hometown: Homer City, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in biology from Indiana University of Pennsylvania
- Doctor of Medicine from Medical College of Pennsylvania
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: May 24, 2001
- ROOSA, Stuart A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Aug. 16, 1933, in Durango, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from University of Colorado
- Apollo 14 in 1971
- Total time in space: 9 days, 42 minutes
- DIED: Dec. 12, 1994
- SCHIRRA, Walter M., Captain, U.S Navy
- Born March 12, 1923, in Hackensack, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy
- Mercury 8 in 1962
- Gemini 6 in 1965
- Apollo 7 in 1968
- Total time in space: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes
- DIED: May 2, 2007
- SCOBEE, Francis R., Major, U.S. Air Force
- Born May 19.1939, in Cle Elum, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Arizona
- STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984
- Total time in space: 6 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes
- DIED: Jan. 28, 1986
- SEARFOSS, Richard A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born June 5, 1956, in Mount Clemens, Mich.; hometown: Portsmouth, N.H.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautics from California Institute of Technology
- STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998
- Total time in space: 39 days, 3 hours, 19 minutes
- DIED: Sept. 29, 2018
- SEE, Elliot M., Jr.
- Born July 23, 1927, in Dallas, Texas
- Bachelor of Science from U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
- Master of Science in engineering from University of California – Los Angeles
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Feb. 28, 1966
- SELLERS, Piers J., Ph.D.
- Born April 11, 1955, in Crowborough, Sussex, U.K.
- Bachelor of Science in ecological science from the University of Edinburgh (Scotland)
- Doctor of Philosophy in biometeorology from Leeds University (U.K.)
- STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006
- STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 41 hours, 10 minutes
- Total time in space: 34 days, 23 hours, 4 minutes
- DIED: December 23, 2016
- SHEPARD, Alan B. Jr., Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy
- Born Nov. 18, 1923, in East Derry, N.H.
- Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy
- Mercury 3 in 1961
- Apollo 14 in 1971
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 9 hours, 35 minutes
- Total time in space: 9 days, 57 minutes
- DIED: July 21, 1998
- SLAYTON, Donald K., major, U.S. Air Force Reserve
- Born March 1, 1924, in Sparta, Wis.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from University of Minnesota
- Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975
- Total time in space: 9 days, 1 hour 28, minutes
- DIED: June 13, 1993
- SMITH, Michael J., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Aug. 30, 1945, in Beaufort, N.C.
- Bachelor of Science in naval science from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Jan. 28, 1986
- SWIGERT, John L. Jr.
- Born Aug. 30, 1931, in Denver, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from University of Colorado
- Master of Science in aerospace science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
- Master of Business Administration from University of Hartford
- Apollo 13 in 1970
- Total time in space: 5 days, 22 hours, 54 minutes
- DIED: Dec. 27, 1982
- THORNE, Stephen D., lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born Feb. 11, 1953, in Frankfurt-on-Main, West Germany
- Bachelor of Science in engineering from U.S Naval Academy
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: May 24, 1986
- THORNTON, William E., M.D.
- Born April 14, 1929, in Faison, N.C.
- Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of North Carolina
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of North Carolina
- STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 13 days, 2 hour, 47 minutes
- DIED: January 11, 2021
- VEACH, Charles Lacy
- Born Sept. 18, 1944, in Chicago, Ill.; hometown: Honolulu, Hawaii
- Bachelor of Science in engineering management from U.S. Air Force Academy
- STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991
- STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- Total time in space: 18 days, 4 hours, 18 minutes
- DIED: Oct. 3, 1995
- VOSS, Janice E., Ph.D.
- Born Oct. 8, 1956, in South Bend, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in engineering science from Purdue University
- Master of Science in electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctor in aeronautics/astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995
- STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997
- STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000
- Total time in space: 49 days, 3 hours, 50 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 6, 2012
- WALKER, David M., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born May 20, 1944, in Columbus, Ga.; hometown: Eustis, Fla.
- Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy
- STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995
- Total time in space: 30 days, 4 hours, 30 minutes
- DIED: April 23, 2001
- WEITZ, Paul J., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born July 25, 1932, in Erie, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Pennsylvania State University
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- Skylab 2 in 1973
- STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 36 minutes
- Total time in space: 33 days, 1 hour, 13 minutes
- DIED: Oct. 24, 2017
- WHITE, Edward H. II, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Nov. 14, 1930, in San Antonio, Texas
- Bachelor of Science from U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from University of Michigan
- Gemini 4 in 1965
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 36 minutes
- Total time in space: 4 days, 1 hour, 56 minutes
- DIED: Jan. 27, 1967
- WILLIAMS, Clifton C. Jr., Major, U.S. Marine Corps
- Born Sept. 26, 1932, in Mobile, Ala.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Auburn University
- Total time in space: 0
- DIED: Oct. 5, 1967
- WILLIAMS, Donald E., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Feb. 13, 1958 in Lafayette, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Purdue University
- STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985
- STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- Total time in space: 11 days, 23 hours, 34 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 23, 2016
- WORDEN, Alfred M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Feb. 7, 1932, in Jackson, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in military science from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in astronautical & aeronautical engineering & instrumentation engineering from the University of Michigan
- Apollo 15 in 1971
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 41 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes
- DIED: March 18, 2020
- YOUNG, John W., Captain, U.S. Navy
- Born Sept. 24, 1930, in San Francisco, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the Georgia Institute
- of Technology
- Gemini 3 in 1965
- Gemini 10 in 1966
- Apollo 10 in 1969
- Apollo 16 in 1972
- STS-1 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981
- STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 20 hours, 14 minutes
- Total time in space: 34 days, 19 hours, 39 minutes
- DIED: Jan. 5, 2018
3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS
S63-00562 (February 1963) — Portrait of astronaut groups 1 and 2. The original seven Mercury astronauts selected by NASA in April 1959, are seated (left to right): L. Gordon Cooper Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, M. Scott Carpenter, Water M. Schirra Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Alan B. Shepard Jr., and Donald K. Slayton. The second group of NASA astronauts, which were named in September 1962, are standing (left to right): Edward H. White II, James A. McDivitt, John W. Young, Elliot M. See Jr., Charles Conrad Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, Thomas P. Stafford, and James A. Lovell Jr. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GROUP 1 – Mercury Astronauts, April 1959:
Carpenter/USN, Cooper/USAF, Glenn/USMC, Grissom/USAF, Schirra/USN, A. Shepard/USN, Slayton/USAF Reserves (7)
GROUP 2 – Pilot Astronauts, September 1962:
Armstrong, Borman/USAF, Conrad/USN, Lovell/USN, McDivitt/USAF, See, Stafford/USAF, White/USAF, Young/USN (9)
GROUP 3 – Pilot Astronauts, October 1963:
Aldrin/USAF, Anders/USAF, Bassett/USAF, Bean/USN, Cernan/USN, Chaffee/USN, M. Collins/USAF, Cunningham/USMC Reserves, Eisele/USAF, Freeman/USAF, Gordon/USN, Schweickart/ANG, D. Scott/USAF, C. Williams/USMC (14)
GROUP 4 – Scientist Astronauts, June 1965:
Garriott, E. Gibson, Graveline, Kerwin/USN, Michel, Schmitt (6)
GROUP 5 – Pilot Astronauts, April 1966:
Brand, Bull/USN, Carr/USMC, Duke/USAF, Engle/USAF, Evans/USN, Givens/USAF, Haise, Irwin/USAF, Lind/USNR, Lousma/USMC, Mattingly/USN, McCandless/USN, Mitchell/USN, Pogue/USAF, Roosa/USAF, Swigert, Weitz/USN, Worden/USAF (19)
GROUP 6 – Scientist Astronauts, August 1967:
J. Allen, Chapman, England, Henize, Holmquest, Lenoir, Llewellyn, Musgrave, O’Leary, Parker, W. Thornton (11)
GROUP 7 – Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory Astronauts, August 1969:
Bobko/USAF, Crippen/USN, Fullerton/USAF, Hartsfield/USAF, Overmyer/USMC, Peterson/USAF, Truly/USN (7)
GROUP 8 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1978:
Bluford/USAF, Brandenstein/USN, Buchli/USMC, Coats/USN, Covey/USAF, Creighton/USN, Fabian/USAF, A. Fisher, D. Garner/USN, R. Gibson/USN, F. Gregory/USAF, Griggs/USNR, Hart/ANG, Hauck/USN, Hawley, Hoffman, Lucid, McBride/USN, McNair, Mullane/USAF, Nagel/USAF, Nelson, Onizuka/USAF, Resnik, Ride, Scobee/USAF, Seddon, Shaw/USAF, Shriver/USAF, Stewart/USA, Sullivan, Thagard, van Hoften/UNR, D. Walker/USN, D. Williams/USN (35)
GROUP 9 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1980:
Bagian/USAFR, Blaha/USAF, Bolden/USMC, Bridges/USAF, Chang-Diaz, Cleave, Dunbar, W. Fisher, G. Gardner/USAF, Grabe/USAF, Hilmers/USMC, Leestma/USN, Lounge, O’Connor/USMC, R. Richards/USN, Ross/USAF, M. Smith/USN, Spring/USA, Springer/USMC (19)
GROUP 10 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1984:
Adamson/USA, E. Baker, M. Brown/USAF, Cameron/USMC, Carter/USN, Casper/USAF, Culbertson/USN, Gutierrez/USAF, Hammond/USAF, Ivins, Lee/USAF, Low, McCulley/USN, W. Shepherd/USN, K. Thornton, Veach/ANG, Wetherbee/USN (17)
GROUP 11 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1985:
Apt, M. Baker/USN, Cabana/USMC, Duffy/USAF, Gemar/USA, Godwin, Hendricks/USAF, Hieb, Jernigan, Meade/USAF, Oswald/USNR, Thorne/USN, Thuot/USN (13)
GROUP 12 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, August 1987:
Akers/USAF, A. Allen/USMC, Bowersox/USN, C. Brown/USAF, Chilton/USAF, Davis, Foale, Harbaugh, Jemison, McMonagle/USAF, Melnick/USCG, Readdy/USN, Reightler/USN, Runco/USN, James Voss/USA (15)
GROUP 13 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1990:
Bursch/USN, Chiao, Clifford/USA, Cockrell/USN, E. Collins/USAF, Currie (Sherlock) USA, W. Gregory/USAF, Halsell/USAF, Harris, Helms/USAF, Jones, W. McArthur/USA, Newman, Ochoa, Precourt/USAF, Searfoss/USAF, Sega/USAFR, D. Thomas, Janice Voss, Walz/USAF, Wilcutt/USMC, Wisoff, Wolf/ANG (23)
GROUP 14 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, March 1992:
Barry, Brady/USN, Coleman/USAF, Gernhardt, Grunsfeld, Horowitz/USAF, Jett/USN, Kregel/, Lawrence/USN, Linenger/USN, Linnehan, Lopez-Alegria/USN, Parazynski, Rominger/USN, W. Scott/USN, S. Smith, Tanner, A. Thomas, M. Weber (19)
GROUP 15 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1995:
Altman/USN, M. Anderson/USAF, Ashby/USN, Bloomfield/USAF, Chawla, Curbeam/USN, Edwards/USN, Gorie/USN, Hire/USNR, Husband/USAF, Kavandi, Lindsey/USAF, Lu, Melroy/USAF, Noriega/USMC, Reilly/USNR, S. Robinson, Kilrain (Still)/USN, Sturckow/USMC (19)
GROUP 16 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1996:
D. Brown/USN, Burbank/USCG, Cagle/USAF, Caldeiro, Camarda, Carey/USAF, Clark/USN, Fincke/USAF, Forrester/USA, Frick/USN, Herrington/USN, Higginbotham, Hobaugh/USMC, J. Kelly/USAF, M. Kelly/USN, S. Kelly/USN, Lockhart/USAF, Loria/USMC, Magnus, Massimino, Mastracchio, McCool/USN, Morin/USN, Nowak/USN, Pettit, Phillips/USNR, Polansky, P. Richards, Sellers, Stefanyshyn-Piper/USN, Tani, Walheim/USAF, Whitson, J. Williams/USA, Wilson (35)
GROUP 17 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1998:
C. Anderson, Archambault/USAF, Dyson (Caldwell), Chamitoff, Creamer/USA, Ferguson/USN, Foreman/USN, Fossum/USAFR, Ham/USN, G.C. Johnson/USNR, G.H. Johnson (Box)/USAF, Love, Melvin, B. Morgan, Oefelein/USN, Olivas, Patrick, Poindexter/USN, Reisman, Robertson, Swanson, Wheelock/USA, S. Williams/USN, Woodward/USN, Zamka/USMC (25)
GROUP 18 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, July 2000:
Antonelli/USN, Barratt, Behnken/USAF, Boe/USAF, Bowen/USN, Drew/USAF, Feustel, Ford/USAF, Garan/USAF, Good/USAF, Hurley/USMC, Kopra/USA, M. McArthur, Nyberg, Stott, Virts/USAF, Wilmore/USN (17)
GROUP 19 – Pilots, Mission Specialists & Educator Mission Specialists, May 2004:
Acaba (edu), Arnold (edu), Bresnik/USMC, Cassidy/USN, Dutton/USAF, Hernandez, Kimbrough/USA, Marshburn, Metcalf-Lindenburger (edu), Satcher, S. Walker (11)
GROUP 20 – U. S. Astronauts, July 2009:
Aunon, Epps, Fischer/USAF, Hopkins/USAF, Lindgren, Rubins, Tingle/USN, Vande Hei/USA, Wiseman/USN (9)
GROUP 21 – U.S. Astronauts, June 2013:
Cassada/USN, Glover/USN, Hague/USAF, Koch, Mann/USMC, McClain/USA, Meir, A. Morgan/USA (8)
GROUP 22– U.S. Astronauts, June 2017:
Barron/USN, Cardman, Chari/USAF, Dominick/USN, Hines/USAF, Hoburg, Kim/USN, Moghbeli/USMC, O’Hara, Rubio/USA, Watkins
GROUP 23– U.S. Astronauts, December 2021:
Ayers/USAF, Berrios/USAF, Birch, Burnham/USN, Delaney/USMC, Douglas, Hathaway/USN, Menon/USAF, Williams, Wittner/USN
4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR
Astronaut Neil Armstrong received the first Congressional Space Medal of Honor from President Jimmy Carter, assisted by Captain Robert Peterson. Armstrong, one of six astronauts to be presented the medal during ceremonies held in the Vehicle Assembly Building, was awarded for his performance during the Gemini 8 mission and the Apollo 11 mission.
In honor of NASA’s 20th anniversary, President Jimmy Carter visited NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center on October 1, 1978, and awarded the first Congressional Space Medal of Honor to six former astronauts. Authorized by Congress in 1969, the award recognized “any astronaut who in the performance of his duties has distinguished himself by exceptionally meritorious efforts and contributions to the welfare of the Nation and mankind.” Recipients are recommended by the NASA Administrator and presented by the President of the United States. These astronauts received this special honor:
Neil A. Armstrong, for actions to overcome problems on the Gemini 8 mission and for Apollo 11 when he took his “…giant leap for mankind.”
Frank Borman, who commanded the Gemini 7 and Apollo 8 missions. The latter was the first manned spacecraft to orbit the Moon.
Charles Conrad, Jr., who participated in four space flights of increasing duration, complexity and achievement: Gemini 5, Gemini 11, Apollo 12, and Skylab 2. On the first manned Skylab mission, he commanded the crew that performed repairs to the damaged orbital workshop, thus saving the two-billion-dollar program from potential failure.
John H. Glenn, Jr., who in Mercury 6 was the first American to orbit the Earth. The success of his flight demonstrated the value of the human pilot in space.
Virgil I. Grissom (posthumously), the second American in space, who took part in Mercury and Gemini flights and lost his life during preparations for the first Apollo flight. He flew on Mercury 4 and Gemini 3.
Alan B. Shepard, Jr., who was the first American in space, aboard Mercury 3. He also commanded the Apollo 14 mission.
Roger B. Chaffee (posthumously) was one of the third group of astronauts chosen but lost his life before his first flight during preparations for the first Apollo flight. President William Clinton awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.
Edward H. White (posthumously) piloted Gemini 4 and performed the first U.S. space walk, floating outside the capsule for 21 minutes. President William Clinton awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.
John W. Young, who demonstrated leadership, courage, and technical skill in a space flight career that spanned two decades and five (at that time) space flights pivotal to human progress in space. He flew on Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, and STS-1 prior to receipt of the medal which was presented May 19, 1981, by President Ronald Reagan.
Thomas J. Stafford, who commanded the first flight of the lunar module to the Moon and the American crew that rendezvoused with a Soviet spacecraft in 1975. He was recognized for his past contributions, and for continuing to serve the Nation in charting a future vision for our space program. He flew on Gemini 6 and 9, Apollo 10, and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Vice President Dan Quayle at the direction of President George Bush presented the medal in 1992.
James A. Lovell, who flew on Gemini 7 and 12, and Apollo 8 and 13, was presented the medal on July 26, 1995. In his remarks, President Bill Clinton especially commended Lovell for his performance on Apollo 13, which demonstrated, “the kind of resourcefulness, grit, and grace under pressure that is the province of heroes.”
Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days in space on the U.S. space shuttle and the Russian space station Mir, was presented the medal on December 2, 1996. Noting that the medal is given out sparingly because it honors “extraordinary service to the nation,” President Bill Clinton added that “Dr. Lucid achieved that kind of service for 188 days this year, the longest flight by an American in space, the longest time for any woman of any nation in space, five shuttle missions altogether.”
William Shepherd, who was the first astronaut to command a crew on the International Space Station, received the medal from President George W. Bush on January 15, 2003. Shepherd and the two other members of his crew spent 141 days in space, beginning a new era of international cooperation in space exploration.
Rick D. Husband, Willie C. McCool, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla, Michael P. Anderson, Laurel B. Clark and Ilan Ramon were posthumously presented the medal for their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nations and mankind. President George W. Bush presented the medal to their families on February 3, 2004.
Francis R. Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Judith A. Resnik, Ellison S. Onizuka, Ronald E. McNair, Gregory B. Jarvis and Sharon Christa McAuliffe were posthumously presented the medal for their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nation and mankind. President George W. Bush presented the medal to their families on July 23, 2004.
Robert Crippen was presented the medal for his dedicated service to the country as a military aviator, test pilot, engineer, and astronaut, including his assignment as pilot for the historic STS-1 mission, the first orbital spaceflight of the Space Shuttle program. In the same month as the 25th anniversary of STS-1, the medal was presented by NASA Administrator Michael Griffin in the name of President George W. Bush on April 26, 2006.
5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES
5.1 ASTRONAUT BIRTHPLACES
NASA image acquired April 18 – October 23, 2012 This image of the United States of America at night is a composite assembled from data acquired by the Suomi NPP satellite in April and October 2012.
| STATE | ASTRONAUT | STATUS |
| Alabama (6) | Hartsfield, Henry Hire, Kathryn Jemison, Mae Thornton, Kathryn Voss, James S. Williams, Clifton C. |
Deceased Former Former Former Former Deceased |
| Alaska (1) | Burnham, M. Deniz | Active |
| Arizona (3) | Birch, M. Christina Creamer, T. J. Smith, Steven |
Active Management Former |
| Arkansas (2) | Covey, Richard Parazynski, Scott |
Former Former |
| California (30) | Acaba, Joseph Dyson, Tracy C. Cassada, Josh A. Chamitoff, Gregory Chilton, Kevin Clifford, Michael Coats, Michael Glover, Victor J. Hauck, Rick Hernandez, Jose Kim, Jonny Lindsey, Steve Love, Stanley Mann, Nicole Anuapu McCulley, Michael McCool, Willie Melroy, Pamela Morgan, Barbara Ochoa, Ellen O’Connor, Bryan Olivas, John “Danny” Poindexter, Alan Ride, Sally Robinson, Steve Rubio, Frank Sturckow, Rick van Hoften, James Walheim, Rex Wittner, A. Jessica Young, John |
Management Active Active Former Former Deceased Former Active Former Former Active Former Management Active Former Deceased Management Former Former Former Former Deceased Deceased Former Active Former Former Former Active Deceased |
| Colorado (11) | Ayers, Nichole Brand, Vance Carpenter, Scott Carr, Gerald Dominick, Matthew Fischer, Jack Lounge, John “Mike” Metcalf-Lindenburger, Dottie Rominger, Kent Roosa, Stuart Swigert, John |
Active Former Deceased Deceased Active Former Deceased Former Former Deceased Deceased |
| Connecticut (7) | Barry, Dan Burbank, Dan Hathaway, Jack Mastracchio, Richard Rubins, Kathleen “Kate” Spring, Sherwood “Woody” Thuot, Pierre |
Former Former Active Former Active Former Former |
| DC (Washington) (4) | Drew, B. Alvin Gregory, Fred Nowak, Lisa Stewart, Robert |
Management Former Former Former |
| Delaware (1) | Currie, Nancy | Former |
| Florida (8) | Boe, Eric Davis, Jan Delaney, Luke Lawrence, Wendy Lenoir, William Richards, Richard Scott, Winston Thagard, Norman |
Active Former Active Former Deceased Former Former Former |
| Georgia (5) | Bridges, Roy Carter, Manley “Sonny” Hammond, Blaine Kilrain, Susan (Still) Walker, David |
Former Deceased Former Former Deceased |
| Hawaii (2) | McArthur, Megan Onizuka, Ellison |
Active Deceased |
| Idaho (2) | Barron, Kayla Reilly, James |
Active Former |
| Illinois (15) | Altman, Scott Archambault, Lee J. Cardman, Zena Cernan, Eugene Grunsfeld, John Higginbotham, Joan Kerwin, Joe Magnus, Sandy Mattingly, Tom McDivitt, James “Jim” Meade, Carl Nagel, Steve Tanner, Joe Veach, Charles “Lacy” Woodward, Neil |
Former Former Active Deceased Former Former Former Former Deceased Deceased Former Deceased Former Deceased Former |
| Indiana (11) | Allen, Joe Auñón-Chancellor, Serena Borman, Frank Brown, Mark England, Anthony “Tony” Ford, Kevin Grissom, Virgil “Gus” Ross, Jerry Voss, Janice E. Williams, Donald Wolf, David |
Former Management Deceased Former Former Former Deceased Former Deceased Deceased Former |
| Iowa (7) | Clark, Laurel Cunningham, Walter Hilmers, Dave Kelly, James “Jim” Nelson, George Shriver, Loren Whitson, Peggy |
Deceased Deceased Former Management Former Former Former |
| Kansas (4) | Engle, Joseph Evans, Ronald Hague, Tyler N. “Nick” Hawley, Steven |
Deceased Deceased Active Former |
| Kentucky (2) | Bresnik, Randolph “Randy” Wilcutt, Terrance “Terry” |
Active Former |
| Louisiana (2) | Gorie, Dominic Halsell, James |
Former Former |
| Maine (2) | Hobaugh, Charles Meir, Jessica U. |
Former Active |
| Maryland (9) | Arnold, Richard “Ricky” Curbeam, Robert Ivins, Marsha Jones, Tom Reightler, Kenneth Virts, Terry Watkins, Jessica Wiseman, G. Reid Williams, L. Christopher |
Management Former Former Former Former Former Active Active Active |
| Massachusetts (13) | Apt, Jay Bowen, Steve Cassidy, Christopher J. Duffy, Brian Linnehan, Richard Loria, Chris Lu, Ed McCandless, Bruce Musgrave, Story O’Leary, Brian Precourt, Charlie Tingle, Scott Wilson, Stephanie |
Former Active Former Former Management Former Former Deceased Former Deceased Former Active Active |
| Michigan (11) | Antonelli, Dominic “Tony” Bloomfield, Michael Chaffee, Roger Jett, Brent Leestma, David Linenger, Jerry Lousma, Jack McMonagle, Donald Searfoss, Richard Shaw, Brewster Worden, Al |
Former Former Deceased Former Former Former Former Former Deceased Former Deceased |
| Minnesota (6) | Cabana, Robert Carey, Duane Gardner, Dale Menon, S. Anil Nyberg, Karen Stefanyshyn-Piper, H.M. |
Former Former Deceased Active Former Former |
| Mississippi (3) | Haise, Fred Peterson, Donald Truly, Richard |
Former Deceased Former |
| Missouri (6) | Akers, Thomas Behnken, Robert Godwin, Linda Hopkins, Mike Kavandi, Janet Springer, Robert |
Former Former Former Former Former Former |
| Nebraska (1) | Anderson, Clayton | Former |
| New Hampshire (2) | Morin, Lee Shepard, Alan |
Management Deceased |
| New Jersey (10) | Aldrin, Edwin “Buzz” Ham, Ken Kelly, Mark Kelly, Scott Polansky, Mark Reisman, Garrett Schirra, Walter “Wally” Schweickart, Russell “Rusty” Sullivan, Kathy Zamka, George |
Former Former Former Former Former Former Deceased Former Former Former |
| New Mexico (2) | Gutierrez, Sidney Schmitt, Harrison |
Former Former |
| New York (26) | Adamson, James Anderson, Michael Bobko, Karol Cagle, Yvonne Camarda, Charles J. Cleave, Mary Collins, Eileen Epps, Jeanette Fisher, Anna Fullerton, Gordon Garan, Ronald Gibson, Edward Gibson, Robert Grabe, Ron Gregory, William Hurley, Douglas Hoffman, Jeffrey Kregel, Kevin Massimino, Michael Melnick, Bruce Parker, Robert Runco, Mario Stott, Nicole Swanson, Steve Wetherbee, James Wheelock, Douglas |
Former Deceased Deceased Management Former Deceased Former Active Former Deceased Former Former Former Former Former Former Former Former Former Former Former Former Former Former Former Active |
| North Carolina (11) | Baker, Ellen Brady, Charles Brown, Curt Duke, Charlie Helms, Susan Hines, Robert “Bob” T. Koch, Christina Hammock Marshburn, Tom McArthur, William “Bill” Smith, Michael Thornton, William “Bill” |
Former Deceased Former Former Former Active Active Former Former Deceased Deceased |
| North Dakota (2) | Buchli, James Hieb, Richard |
Former Former |
| Ohio (20) | Armstrong, Neil Bassett, Charles Cameron, Kenneth Eisele, Donn Foreman, Michael Gernhardt, Michael Glenn, John Good, Michael Harbaugh, Greg Henize, Karl Henricks, Terence Lovell, James Low, G. David Overmyer, Robert Resnik, Judy Sega, Ronald Thomas, Donald Walz, Carl Weber, Mary Ellen Williams, Sunita |
Deceased Deceased Former Deceased Former Former Deceased Former Former Deceased Former Former Deceased Deceased Deceased Former Former Former Former Active |
| Oklahoma (5) | Cooper, Gordon Garriott, Owen Herrington, John Pogue, William Stafford, Thomas |
Deceased Deceased Former Deceased Former |
| Oregon (3) | Dutton, James Griggs, S. David Pettit, Donald |
Former Deceased Active |
| Pennsylvania (18) | Allen, Andy Bagian, James Bluford, Guion Bursch, Daniel Conrad, Charles Ferguson, Chris Feustel, Drew Fincke, Michael Freeman, Theodore Frick, Steven Hart, Terry Hoburg, Warren “Woody” Horowitz, Scott Irwin, James Richards, Paul Robertson, Patricia Tani, Daniel Weitz, Paul |
Former Former Former Former Deceased Former Former Active Deceased Former Former Active Former Deceased Former Deceased Former Deceased |
| Rhode Island (1) | Readdy, William | Former |
| South Carolina (5) | Bolden, Charles Casper, John Coleman, Catherine “Cady” Culbertson, Frank McNair, Ronald |
Former Former Former Former Deceased |
| South Dakota (2) | Fossum, Michael Gemar, Charles “Sam” |
Former Former |
| Tennessee (6) | Baker, Michael Bull, John Jernigan, Tammy Seddon, Margaret Shepherd, William Wilmore, Barry “Butch” |
Former Deceased Former Former Former Active |
| Texas (23) | Ashby, Jeff Bean, Alan Blaha, John Cockrell, Ken Creighton, John Crippen, Robert Fabian, John Fisher, William Forrester, Patrick Givens, Edward Harris, Bernard Holmquest, Donald Husband, Rick Kimbrough, Robert “Shane” Kopra, Tim Lockhart, Paul Mitchell, Edgar Mullane, Mike O’Hara, Loral Scott, David See, Eliot Walker, Shannon White, Edward |
Former Deceased Former Former Former Former Former Former Management Deceased Former Former Deceased Former Former Former Deceased Former Active Former Deceased Active Deceased |
| Utah (1) | Lind, Don | Deceased |
| Vermont (1) | Graveline, Duane | Deceased |
| Virginia (11) | Bowersox, Ken Brown, David Douglas, Andre Edwards, Joe Gardner, Guy Melvin, Leland Oefelein, Bill Phillips, John Satcher, Robert “Bobby” Vande Hei, Mark Wisoff, Peter J.K. (Jeff) |
Management Deceased Active Former Former Former Former Former Former Active Former |
| Washington (7) | Barratt, Mike Dunbar, Bonnie Gordon, Richard Johnson, Greg C. McClain, Anne C. Oswald, Steve Scobee, Richard |
Active Former Deceased Former Active Former Deceased |
| West Virginia (2) | McBride, John Morgan, Andrew R. |
Former Active |
| Wisconsin (7) | Brandenstein, Daniel Chari, Raja Chiao, Leroy Lee, Mark Michel, Curtis Slayton, Donald K. “Deke” Williams, Jeffrey “Jeff” |
Former Active Former Former Deceased Deceased Former |
| Puerto Rico (1) | Berrios, G. Marcos | Active |
5.2 ASTRONAUT HOMETOWNS
The STS-120 crew members are ready for their return to flight to Houston. From left are Pilot George Zamka, Mission Specialists Paolo Nespoli, Doug Wheelock, Stephanie Wilson and Scott Parazynski, and Commander Pamela Melroy. A welcoming ceremony for the crew is planned at NASA’s Hangar 276 on the south end of Ellington Field in Texas. On the 15-day mission, the STS-120 crew continued the construction of the station with the installation of the Harmony Node 2 module and the relocation of the P6 truss. They landed Nov. 7 at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.
| ASTRONAUT | STATUS | HOMETOWN |
| Acaba, Joseph M. | Management | Anaheim, Calif. |
| Adamson, James C. | Former | Woodbine, Md. |
| Akers, Thomas D. | Former | Eminence, Mo. |
| Aldrin, Buzz | Former | Montclair, N.J. |
| Allen, Andrew M. | Former | Philadelphia, Pa. |
| Allen, Joseph P. | Former | Crawfordsville, Ind. |
| Altman, Scott D. | Former | Lincoln, Ill. |
| Anders, William A. | Deceased | Hong Kong |
| Anderson, Clayton C. | Former | Ashland, Neb. |
| Anderson, Michael P. | Deceased | Spokane, Wash. |
| Antonelli, Dominic A. | Former | Indiana & N.C. |
| Apt, Jerome, III | Former | Pittsburgh, Pa. |
| Archambault, Lee J. | Former | Bellwood, Ill. |
| Armstrong, Neil A. | Deceased | Wapakoneta, Ohio |
| Arnold, Richard R., II | Management | Bowie, Md. |
| Ashby, Jeffrey S. | Former | Evergreen, Colo. |
| Auñón-Chancellor, Serena M. | Management | Fort Collins, Colo. |
| Ayers, Nichole | Active | Divide, Colo. & Colorado Spring, Colo. |
| Bagian, James P. | Former | Philadelphia, Pa. |
| Baker, Ellen S. | Former | New York, N.Y. |
| Baker, Michael A. | Former | Lemoore, Calif. |
| Barratt, Michael R. | Active | Camas, Wash. |
| Barron, Kayla | Active | Richland, Wash. |
| Barry, Daniel T. | Former | South Hadley, Mass. |
| Bassett, Charles A., II | Deceased | Dayton, Ohio |
| Bean, Alan L. | Deceased | Wheeler, Texas |
| Behnken, Robert L. | Former | St. Ann, Mo. |
| Berrios, Marcos | Active | Guaynabo, Puerto Rico |
| Birch, Christina | Active | Gilbert, Ariz. |
| Blaha, John E. | Former | San Antonio, Texas |
| Bloomfield, Michael J. | Former | Lake Fenton, Mich. |
| Bluford, Guion S., Jr. | Former | Philadelphia, Pa. |
| Bobko, Karol J. | Deceased | New York City |
| Boe, Eric A. | Active | Atlanta, Ga. |
| Bolden, Charles F., Jr. | Former | Alexandria, Va. |
| Borman, Frank | Deceased | Tucson, Ariz. |
| Bowen, Stephen G. | Active | Cohasset, Mass. |
| Bowersox, Kenneth D. | Management | Bedford, Ind. |
| Brady, Charles E., Jr. | Deceased | Pinehurst, N.C. |
| Brand, Vance D. | Former | Longmont, Colo. |
| Brandenstein, Daniel C. | Former | Watertown, Wis. |
| Bresnik, Randolph J. | Active | Santa Monica, Calif. |
| Bridges, Roy D., Jr. | Former | Gainesville, Ga. |
| Brown, Curtis L., Jr. | Former | Elizabethtown, N.C. |
| Brown, David M. | Deceased | Arlington, Va. |
| Brown, Mark N. | Former | Valparaiso, Ind. |
| Buchli, James F. | Former | New Rockford & Fargo, N.D. |
| Bull, John S. | Deceased | Memphis, Tenn. |
| Burbank, Daniel C. | FormFormerer | Yarmouth Port, Mass. |
| Burnham, Deniz | Active | Wasilla, Alaska |
| Bursch, Daniel W. | Former | Vestal, N.Y. |
| Cabana, Robert D. | Former | Minneapolis, Minn. |
| Cagle, Yvonne D. | Management | Novato, Calif. |
| Caldeiro, Fernando | Decaesed | Merritt Island, Fla. & New York |
| Camarda, Charles J. | Former | Queens, N.Y. |
| Cameron, Kenneth D. | Former | Cleveland, Ohio |
| Cardman, Zena | Active | Williamsburg, Va. |
| Carey, Duane G. | Former | St. Paul, Minn. |
| Carpenter, M. Scott | Deceased | Boulder, Colo. |
| Carr, Gerald P. | Deceased | Santa Ana, Calif. |
| Carter, Manley Lanier, Jr. | Deceased | Warner Robins, Ga. |
| Casper, John H. | Former | Gainesville, Ga. |
| Cassada, Josh A. | Active | White Bear Lake, Minn. |
| Cassidy, Christopher J. | Former | York, Maine |
| Cernan, Eugene A. | Deceased | Chicago, Ill. |
| Chaffee, Roger B. | Deceased | Grand Rapids, Mich. |
| Chamitoff, Gregory E. | Former | Montreal, Canada |
| Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. | Former | San Jose, Costa Rica |
| Chapman, Philip K. | Deceased | Melbourne, Australia |
| Chari, Raja | Active | Cedar Falls, Iowa |
| Chawla, Kalpana | Deceased | Karnal, India |
| Chiao, Leroy | Former | Danville, Calif. |
| Chilton, Kevin P. | Former | Los Angeles |
| Clark, Laurel B. | Deceased | Racine, Wis. |
| Cleave, Mary L. | Deceased | Southampton, N.Y. |
| Clifford, Michael R. | Deceased | Ogden, Utah |
| Coats, Michael L. | Former | Riverside, Calif. |
| Cockrell, Kenneth D. | Former | Rockdale, Texas |
| Coleman, Catherine G. | Former | Charleston, S.C. |
| Collins, Eileen M. | Former | Elmira, N.Y. |
| Collins, Michael | Deceased | Rome, Italy |
| Conrad, Charles, Jr. | Deceased | Philadelphia, Pa. |
| Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr. | Deceased | Shawnee, Okla. |
| Covey, Richard O. | Former | Fort Walton Beach, Fla. |
| Creamer, Timothy J. | Management | Upper Marlboro, Md. |
| Creighton, John O. | Former | Seattle, Wash. |
| Crippen, Robert L. | Former | Beaumont, Texas |
| Culbertson, Frank L., Jr. | Former | Holly Hill, S.C. |
| Cunningham, Walter | Deceased | Creston, Iowa |
| Curbeam, Robert L., Jr. | Former | Baltimore, Md. |
| Currie, Nancy J. | Former | Troy, Ohio |
| Davis, N. Jan | Former | Cocoa Beach, Fla. |
| Delaney, Luke | Active | Debary, Fla. |
| Dominick, Matthew | Active | Wheat Ridge, Colo. |
| Douglas, Andre | Active | Chesapeake, Va. |
| Drew, B. Alvin, Jr. | Management | Washington, D.C. |
| Duffy, Brian | Former | Boston, Mass. |
| Duke, Charles M., Jr. | Former | Charlotte, N.C. |
| Dunbar, Bonnie J. | Former | Sunnyside, Wash. |
| Dutton, James P., Jr. | Former | Eugene, Ore. |
| Dyson, Tracy E. C. | Active | Arcadia, Calif. |
| Edwards, Joe F., Jr. | Former | Lineville & Roanoke, Ala. |
| Eisele, Donn F. | Deceased | Columbus, Ohio |
| England, Anthony W. | Former | West Fargo, N.D. |
| Engle, Joe H. | Deceased | Dickinson County, Kan. |
| Epps, Jeanette J. | Active | Syracuse, N.Y. |
| Evans, Ronald E., Jr. | Deceased | St. Francis, Kan. |
| Fabian, John M. | Former | Pullman, Wash. |
| Ferguson, Christopher J. | Former | Philadelphia, Pa. |
| Feustel, Andrew J. | Former | Lake Orion, Mich. |
| Fincke, E. Michael | Active | Emsworth, Pa. |
| Fischer, Jack D. | Former | Louisville, Colo. |
| Fisher, Anna L. | Former | San Pedro, Calif. |
| Fisher, William F. | Former | Dallas, Texas |
| Foale, C. Michael | Former | Cambridge, England |
| Ford, Kevin A. | Former | Montpelier, Ind. |
| Foreman, Michael J. | Former | Wadsworth, Ohio |
| Forrester, Patrick G. | Management | El Paso, Texas |
| Fossum, Michael E. | Former | McAllen, Texas |
| Freeman, Theodore C. | Deceased | Haverford, Pa. |
| Frick, Stephen N. | Former | Gibsonia, Pa. |
| Fullerton, Charles G. | Deceased | Portland, Oregon |
| Garan, Ronald J., Jr. | Former | Yonkers, N.Y. |
| Gardner, Dale A. | Deceased | Fairmont, Minn. |
| Gardner, Guy S. | Former | Alexandria, Va. |
| Garriott, Owen K. | Deceased | Enid, Okla. |
| Gemar, Charles D. | Former | Scotland, S.D. |
| Gernhardt, Michael L. | Former | Mansfield, Ohio |
| Gibson, Edward G. | Former | Buffalo, N.Y. |
| Gibson, Robert L. | Former | Lakewood, Calif. |
| Givens, Edward G., Jr. | Deceased | Quanah, Texas |
| Glenn, John H., Jr. | Deceased | Cambridge, Ohio |
| Glover, Victor J. | Active | Pomona, Calif. |
| Godwin, Linda M. | Former | Jackson, Mo. |
| Good, Michael T. | Former | Broadview Heights, Ohio |
| Gordon, Richard F., Jr. | Deceased | Seattle, Wash. |
| Gorie, Dominic L. | Former | Lake Charles, La. |
| Grabe, Ronald J. | Former | New York, N.Y. |
| Graveline, Duane E. | Deceased | Newport, Vt. |
| Gregory, Frederick D. | Former | Washington, D.C. |
| Gregory, William G. | Former | Lockport, N.Y. |
| Griggs, S. David | Deceased | Portland, Ore. |
| Grissom, Virgil I. | Deceased | Mitchell, Ind. |
| Grunsfeld, John M. | Former | Chicago, Ill. |
| Gutierrez, Sidney M. | Former | Albuquerque, N.M. |
| Haise, Fred W., Jr. | Former | Biloxi, Miss. |
| Hague, Tyler N. | Active | Hoxie, Kan. |
| Halsell, James D., Jr. | Former | West Monroe, La. |
| Ham, Kenneth T. | Former | Plainfield, N.J. |
| Hammond, L. Blaine, Jr. | Former | St. Louis, Mo. |
| Harbaugh, Gregory J. | Former | Willoughby, Ohio |
| Harris, Bernard A., Jr. | Former | Temple, Texas |
| Hart, Terry J. | Former | Pittsburgh, Pa. |
| Hartsfield, Henry W., Jr. | Deceased | Birmingham, Ala. |
| Hathaway, Jack | Active | South Windsor, Conn. |
| Hauck, Frederick H. | Former | Long Beach, Calif. |
| Hawley, Steven A. | Former | Salina, Kan. |
| Helms, Susan J. | Former | Portland, Ore. |
| Henize, Karl G. | Deceased | Cincinnati, Ohio |
| Henricks, Terence T. | Former | Woodville, Ohio |
| Hernandez, Jose M. | Former | Stockton, Calif. |
| Herrington, John B. | Former | Colorado Springs, Colo. & Riverton, Wyo. & Plano, Texas |
| Hieb, Richard J. | Former | Jamestown, N.D. |
| Higginbotham, Joan E. | Former | Chicago, Ill. |
| Hilmers, David C. | Former | DeWitt, Iowa |
| Hines, Robert “Bob” T. | Active | Harrisburg, Pa. |
| Hire, Kathryn P. | Former | Mobile, Ala. & Merritt Island, Fla. |
| Hobaugh, Charles O. | Former | Bar Harbor, Maine |
| Hoburg, Warren “Woody” | Active | Pittsburgh, Pa. |
| Hoffman, Jeffrey A. | Former | Scarsdale, N.Y. |
| Holmquest, Donald L. | Former | Dallas, Texas |
| Hopkins, Michael S. | Active | Richland, Mo. |
| Horowitz, Scott J. | Former | Thousand Oaks, Calif. |
| Hurley, Douglas G. | Former | Apalachin, N.Y. |
| Husband, Rick D. | Deceased | Amarillo, Texas |
| Irwin, James B. | Deceased | Pittsburgh, Pa. |
| Ivins, Marsha S. | Former | Baltimore, Md. |
| Jemison, Mae C. | Former | Chicago, Ill. |
| Jernigan, Tamara E. | Former | Chattanooga, Tenn. |
| Jett, Brent W. | Former | Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. |
| Johnson, Gregory C. | Former | Seattle, Wash. |
| Johnson, Gregory H. | Former | South Ruislip, Middlesex, U.K. |
| Jones, Thomas D. | Former | Baltimore, Md. |
| Kavandi, Janet L. | Former | Springfield, Mo. |
| Kelly, James “Jim” M. | Management | Burlington, Iowa |
| Kelly, Mark E. | Former | West Orange, N.J. |
| Kelly, Scott J. | Former | West Orange, N.J. |
| Kerwin, Joseph P. | Former | Oak Park, Ill. |
| Kilrain (Still), Susan L. | Former | Augusta, Ga. |
| Kim, Jonny | Active | Los Angeles, Calif. |
| Kimbrough, Robert Shane | Former | Killeen, Texas |
| Koch, Christina Hammock | Active | Jacksonville, N.C. & Livingston, Mont. |
| Kopra, Timothy L. | Former | Austin, Texas |
| Kregel, Kevin R. | Former | Amityville, N.Y. |
| Lawrence, Wendy B. | Former | Jacksonville, Fla. |
| Lee, Mark C. | Former | Viroqua, Wis. |
| Leestma, David C. | Former | Muskegon, Mich. |
| Lenoir, William B. | Deceased | Miami, Fla. |
| Lind, Don L. | Deceased | Midvale, Utah |
| Lindgren, Kjell N. | Active | United Kingdom |
| Lindsey, Steven W. | Former | Temple City, Calif. |
| Linenger, Jerry M. | Former | Eastpointe, Mich. |
| Linnehan, Richard M. | Management | Lowell, Mass. |
| Llewellyn, John A. | Deceased | Cardiff, Wales, U.K. |
| Lockhart, Paul S. | Former | Amarillo, Texas |
| Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. | Former | Mission Viejo, Calif. |
| Loria, Christopher J. | Former | Belmont, Mass. |
| Lounge, J. Mike | Deceased | Burlington, Colo. |
| Lousma, Jack R. | Former | Grand Rapids, Mich. |
| Love, Stanley G. | Management | Eugene, Ore. |
| Lovell, James A., Jr. | Former | Cleveland, Ohio |
| Low, G. David | Deceased | Cleveland, Ohio |
| Lu, Edward T. | Former | Honolulu, Hawaii & Webster N.Y. |
| Lucid, Shannon W. | Former | Bethany, Okla. |
| Magnus, Sandra H. | Former | Belleville, Ill. |
| Mann, Nicole Aunapu | Active | Petaluma, Calif. |
| Marshburn, Thomas H. | Former | Statesville, N.C. |
| Massimino, Michael J. | Former | Franklin Square, N.Y. |
| Mastracchio, Richard A. | Former | Waterbury, Conn. |
| Mattingly, Thomas K., II | Deceased | Miami, Fla. |
| McArthur, K. Megan | Active | San Jose, California |
| McArthur, William S., Jr. | Former | Wakulla, N.C. |
| McBride, Jon A. | Former | Beckley, W. Va. |
| McCandless, Bruce, II | Deceased | Boston, Mass. |
| McClain, Anne C. | Active | Spokane, Wash. |
| McCool, William C. | Deceased | San Diego, Calif. |
| McCulley, Michael J. | Former | Livingston, Tenn. |
| McDivitt, James A. | Deceased | Chicago, Ill. |
| McMonagle, Donald R. | Former | Flint, Mich. |
| McNair, Ronald E. | Deceased | Lake City, S.C. |
| Meade, Carl J. | Former | Canyon Country, California |
| Meir, Jessica U. | Active | Caribou, Maine |
| Melnick, Bruce E. | Former | Inglis, Fla. |
| Melroy, Pamela A. | Management | Palo Alto, Calif. |
| Melvin, Leland D. | Former | Lynchburg, Va. |
| Menon, Anil | Active | Minneapolis, Minn. |
| Metcalf-Lindenberger, Dorothy | Former | Fort Collins, Colo. |
| Michel, F. Curtis | Deceased | La Crosse, Wis. |
| Mitchell, Edgar D. | Deceased | Artesia, N.M. |
| Moghbeli, Jasmin | Active | Baldwin, N.Y. |
| Morgan, Andrew R. | Active | New Castle, Pa. |
| Morgan, Barbara R. | Former | Fresno, Calif. |
| Morin, Lee M. | Management | Manchester, N.H. |
| Mullane, Richard M. | Former | Albuquerque, N.M. |
| Musgrave, Story | Former | Lexington, Ky. |
| Nagel, Steven R. | Deceased | Canton, Ill. |
| Nelson, George D. | Former | Willmar, Minn. |
| Newman, James H. | Former | San Diego, Calif. |
| Noriega, Carlos I. | Former | Santa Clara, Calif. |
| Nowak, Lisa M. | Former | Washington, D.C. |
| Nyberg, Karen L. | Former | Vining, Minn. |
| O’Connor, Bryan D. | Former | Twentynine Palms, Calif. |
| O’Hara, Loral | Active | Sugar Land, Texas |
| O’Leary, Brian T. | Deceased | Boston, Mass. |
| Ochoa, Ellen | Former | La Mesa, Calif. |
| Oefelein, William A. | Former | Anchorage, Alaska |
| Olivas, John D. | Former | El Paso, Texas |
| Onizuka, Ellison S. | Deceased | Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii |
| Oswald, Stephen S. | Former | Bellingham, Wash. |
| Overmyer, Robert F. | Deceased | Westlake, Ohio |
| Parazynski, Scott E. | Former | Little Rock, Ark. |
| Parker, Robert A. | Former | Shrewsbury, Mass. |
| Patrick, Niclolas J. M. | Former | London, England & Rye, N.Y. |
| Peterson, Donald H. | Deceased | Winona, Miss. |
| Pettit, Donald R. | Active | Silverton, Oregon |
| Phillips, John L. | Former | Fort Belvoir, Va. |
| Pogue, William R. | Deceased | Okemah, Okla. |
| Poindexter, Alan G. | Deceased | Rockville, Md. |
| Polansky, Mark L. | Former | Edison, N.J. |
| Precourt, Charles J. | Former | Hudson, Mass. |
| Readdy, William F. | Former | McLean, Va. |
| Reightler, Kenneth S., Jr. | Former | Virginia Beach, Va. |
| Reilly, James F., II | Former | Mesquite, Texas |
| Reisman, Garrett E. | Former | Parsippany, N.J. |
| Resnik, Judith A. | Deceased | Akron, Ohio |
| Richards, Paul W. | Former | Dunmore Pa. |
| Richards, Richard N. | Former | Houston, Texas |
| Ride, Sally K. | Deceased | Los Angeles, Calif. |
| Robertson, Patricia Hilliard | Deceased | Indiana, Pa. |
| Robinson, Stephen K. | Former | Sacramento, Calif. |
| Rominger, Kent V. | Former | Del Norte, Colo. |
| Roosa, Stuart A. | Deceased | Durango, Colo. |
| Ross, Jerry L. | Former | Crown Point, Ind. |
| Rubins, Kathleen (Kate) | Active | Napa, Calif. |
| Rubio, Frank | Active | Miami, Fla. |
| Runco, Mario, Jr. | Former | Bronx, N.Y. |
| Satcher, Robert L., Jr. | Former | Hampton, Va. |
| Schirra, Walter M., Jr. | Deceased | Hackensack, N.J. |
| Schmitt, Harrison H. | Former | Santa Rita, N.M. |
| Schweickart, Russell L. | Former | Neptune, N.J. |
| Scobee, Francis R. | Deceased | Cle Elum, Wash. |
| Scott, David R. | Former | San Antonio, Texas |
| Scott, Winston E. | Former | Miami, Fla. |
| Searfoss, Richard A. | Deceased | Mount Clemens, Mich. |
| Seddon, Margaret Rhea | Former | Murfreesboro, Tenn. |
| See, Elliot M., Jr. | Deceased | Dallas, Texas |
| Sega, Ronald M. | Former | Cleveland, Ohio |
| Sellers, Piers J. | Deceased | Crowborough, Sussex, U.K. |
| Shaw, Brewster H., Jr. | Former | Cass City, Mich. |
| Shepard, Alan B., Jr. | Deceased | East Derry, N.H. |
| Shepherd, William M. | Former | Babylon, N.Y. |
| Shriver, Loren J. | Former | Paton, Iowa |
| Slayton, Donald K. | Deceased | Sparta, Wis. |
| Smith, Michael J. | Deceased | Beaufort, N.C. |
| Smith, Steven L. | Former | San Jose, Calif. |
| Spring, Sherwood C. | Former | Harmony, R.I. |
| Springer, Robert C. | Former | Ashland, Ohio |
| Stafford, Thomas P. | Former | Weatherford, Okla. |
| Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie | Former | St. Paul, Minn. |
| Stewart, Robert L. | Former | Washington, D.C. |
| Stott, Nicole P. | Former | Clearwater, Fla. |
| Sturckow, Frederick W. | Former | Lakeside, Calif. |
| Sullivan, Kathryn D. | Former | Woodland Hills, Calif. |
| Swanson, Steven R. | Former | Steamboat Springs, Colo. |
| Swigert, John L., Jr. | Deceased | Denver, Colo. |
| Tani, Daniel M. | Former | Lombard, Ill. |
| Tanner, Joseph R. | Former | Danville, Ill. |
| Thagard, Norman E. | Former | Jacksonville, Fla. |
| Thomas, Andrew S. W. | Former | Adelaide, South Australia |
| Thomas, Donald A. | Former | Cleveland, Ohio |
| Thorne, Stephen D. | Deceased | Frankfurt-on-Main, West Germany |
| Thornton, Kathryn C. | Former | Montgomery, Ala. |
| Thornton, William E. | Deceased | Faison, N.C. |
| Thuot, Pierre J. | Former | Fairfax, Va. & New Bedford, Mass. |
| Tingle, Scott D. | Active | Randolph, Mass. |
| Truly, Richard H. | Former | Fayette, Miss. |
| Van Hoften, James D. | Former | Burlingame, Calif. |
| Vande Hei, Mark T. | Active | Chanhassen, Minn. |
| Veach, Charles Lacy | Deceased | Honolulu, Hawaii |
| Virts, Terry W., Jr. | Former | Columbia, Md. |
| Voss, James S. | Former | Opelika, Ala. |
| Voss, Janice E. | Deceased | Rockford, Ill. |
| Walheim, Rex J. | Former | San Carlos, Calif. |
| Walker, David M. | Deceased | Columbus, Ga. |
| Walker, Shannon | Active | Houston, Texas |
| Walz, Carl E. | Former | Cleveland, Ohio |
| Watkins, Jessica | Active | Lafayette, Colo. |
| Weber, Mary E. | Former | Bedford Heights, Ohio |
| Weitz, Paul J. | Deceased | Erie, Pa. |
| Wetherbee, James D. | Former | Huntington Station, N.Y. |
| Wheelock, Douglas H. | Active | Windsor, N.Y. |
| White, Edward H., II | Deceased | San Antonio, Texas |
| Whitson, Peggy A. | Former | Beaconsfield, Iowa |
| Wilcutt, Terrence W. | Former | Louisville, Ky. |
| Williams, Christopher | Active | Potomac, Md. |
| Williams, Clifton C., Jr. | Deceased | Mobile, Ala. |
| Williams, Donald E. | Deceased | Lafayette, Ind. |
| Williams, Jeffrey N. | Former | Winter, Wis. |
| Williams, Sunita L. | Active | Needham, Mass. |
| Wilmore, Barry E. | Active | Mt. Juliet, Tenn. |
| Wilson, Stephanie D. | Active | Boston, Mass. |
| Wiseman, G. Reid | Active | Baltimore, Md. |
| Wisoff, Peter J. K. | Former | Norfolk, Va. |
| Wittner, Jessica | Active | Clovis, Calif. |
| Wolf, David A. | Former | Indianapolis, Ind. |
| Woodward, Neil W., III | Former | Chicago, Ill. |
| Worden, Alfred M. | Deceased | Jackson, Mich. |
| Young, John W. | Deceased | San Francisco, Calif. |
| Zamka, George D. | Former | New York & Irvington, N.Y. & Rochester Hills, Mich. & Medellin, Colombia |
5.3 ASTRONAUT COLLEGES
View taken of Astronaut Drew Feustel receiving an honorary Doctorate degree from the University of Purdue. Feustel, along with Purdue Alumnus Scott Tingle, will also participate in Purdue’s commencement ceremony, sharing words with the recent graduates.
ALABAMA
- Auburn University (6)
- Former: J. Davis, K. Thornton, J.S. Voss
- Deceased: H. Hartsfield, C. Williams, T. Mattingly
- Troy State (4)
- Former: K. Ford, W. Gregory, J. Halsell, K. Kregel
- University of Alabama (2)
- Active: R.T. Hines
- Management: J. Kelly
- University of Alabama-Huntsville (1)
- Former: J. Davis
- University of Alabama-Birmingham (1)
- Management: L. Morin
- Air University (1)
- Active: V. Glover
- Air War College (1)
- Active: Randy Bresnik
ARIZONA
- University of Arizona (7)
- Active: D. Pettit, C. Birch, J. Wittner
- Management: J. Acaba
- Former: T. Jones, S. Spring
- Deceased: F. Caldeiro, D. Scobee
CALIFORNIA
- Naval Postgraduate School (37)
- Active: M. Dominick, V. Glover, J. Moghbeli, L. Delaney, J. Wittner
- Former: S. Altman, D. Bursch, M. Coats, R. Curbeam, C. Ferguson, M. Foreman, S. Frick, K. Ham, J. Herrington, D. Hilmers, B. Jett, M. Kelly, D. Leestma, M. Lopez Algeria, J. Lousma, J. McBride, C. Noriega, L. Nowak, K. Reightler, K. Rominger,
W. Scott, R. Springer, J. Williams - Deceased: G. Carr, E. Cernan, R. Evans, W. McCool, E. Mitchell, R. Overmyer, A. Poindexter, M. Smith, P. Weitz
- Stanford University (26)
- Active: M. Fincke, M. Hopkins, N. Mann, K. Rubins, M. Vande Hei, J. Watkins, M. Berrios, A. Menon, C. Williams
- Former: E. Collins, W. Fisher, S. Helms, M. Jemison, T. Jernigan, E. Lu, B. Morgan, E. Ochoa, S. Parazynski, S. Robinson, S. Smith, J. Wisoff
- Deceased: J. Bull, O. Garriott, D. Low, B. McCandless, S. Ride
- Stanford Medical School (1)
- Active: A. Menon
- California Institute of Technology (11)
- Former: F. Borman, G. Chamitoff, E. Gibson, C. Meade, R. Parker, G. Reisman, H. Schmitt, R. Behnken
Deceased: C.G. Fullerton, C. Michel, R. Searfoss
- Former: F. Borman, G. Chamitoff, E. Gibson, C. Meade, R. Parker, G. Reisman, H. Schmitt, R. Behnken
- University of Southern California (11)
- Active: D. Burnham
- Former: C. Bolden, N. Currie, B. Duffy, J. Linenger, C. Noriega, K.
Reightler, P. Thuot - Deceased: N. Armstrong, G. Carr, K. Bobko
- University of California-Berkeley (9)
- Active: W. Hoburg
- Former: L. Chiao, T. Jernigan, M. Seddon, J. Van Hoften, R. Walheim, M. Weber
- Deceased: B. O’Leary, D. Lind
- University of California-Los Angeles (9)
- Active: M. McArthur, J. Watkins, D. Burnham
- Former: V. Brand, A. Fisher, S. Musgrave, J. Phillips
- Deceased: E. See, W. Cunningham
- California Polytechnic (4)
- Active: V. Glover
- Former: G. Chamitoff, R. Gibson, R. Sturckow
- California State-Fresno (3)
- Former: D. McMonagle
- Deceased: R. Husband, S. Nagel
- California State University-Fullerton (1)
- Active: T.C. Dyson
- California State University-Northridge (1)
- Former: S. Horowitz
- University of California-Santa Barbara (3)
- Management: J. Acaba
Former: L. Chiao, J. Hernandez
- Management: J. Acaba
- Golden Gate (2)
- Former: T. Henricks, C. Precourt
- Harvey Mudd (2)
- Management: S. Love
- Former: G. Nelson
- University of California-Davis (2)
- Active: T.C. Dyson
- Former: S. Robinson
- University of California-San Diego (3)
- Active: M. McArthur, K. Rubins, D. Burnham
- University of California-Santa Cruz (2)
- Former: S. Hawley, K. Sullivan
- University of San Diego
- Active: M. Dominick, J. Kim
- San Diego State (1)
- Former: E. Ochoa
- San Francisco State (1)
- Management: Y. Cagle
- University of Pacific (1)
- Former: J. Hernandez
- Air University (1)
- Active: V. Glover
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (1)
- Active: J. Meir
COLORADO
- United States Air Force Academy (38)
- Active: E. Boe, R. Chari, T. Hague, K. Lindgren, N. Ayers
- Management: B.A. Drew, J. Kelly
- Former: J. Blaha, M. Bloomfield, R. Bridges, C. Brown, J. Casper, K.
Chilton, R. Covey, B. Duffy, J. Dutton, J. Fischer, G. Gardner, R. Grabe, F. Gregory,
W. Gregory, S. Gutierrez, J. Halsell, B. Hammond, S. Helms, T. Hendricks, G.H.
Johnson, T. Jones, K. Kregel, M. Lee, S. Lindsey, D. McMonagle, C. Precourt, R.
Sega, L. Shriver, T. Virts - Deceased: R. Searfoss, C. Veach, K. Bobko
- University of Colorado (14)
- Active: K. Lindgren
- Former: V. Brand, J. Herrington, R. Hieb, M. Ivins, R. Sega, S. Swanson, J.S. Voss
- Deceased: S. Carpenter, K. Chawla, M. Lounge, E. Onizuka, S. Roosa, J. Swigert
- Colorado State (4)
- Active: K. Lindgren
- Former: M. Cleave, K. Rominger, J. Van Hoften
CONNECTICUT
- Coast Guard Academy (3)
- Active: A. Douglas
- Former: D. Burbank, B. Melnick
- University of Connecticut (2)
- Former: F. Chang-Diaz, R. Mastracchio
- Hartford (1)
- Deceased: J. Swigert
- Yale (1)
- Former: J. Allen
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
- George Washington University (7)
- Active: A. Douglas
- Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor
- Former: M. Coats, C. Camarda, J. Creighton, F. Gregory, N. Woodward
- Deceased: D. Griggs
- Georgetown (1)
- Deceased: B. O’Leary
FLORIDA
- Embry-Riddle University (6)
- Management: A. Drew
- Former: D. Burbank, R. Garan, S. Still-Kilrain, N. Stott, T. Virts
- University of West Florida (6)
- Former: J. Buchli, K. Cockrell, B. Melnick, B. O’Connor, J. Phillips
- Deceased: R. Richards
- Florida Institute of Technology (4)
- Active: S. Williams
Former: J. Higginbotham, K. Hire, G. Zamka
- Active: S. Williams
- University of Florida (3)
- Former: W. Fisher, K. Ford, R. Garan
- Florida State (2)
- Former: W. Scott, N. Thagard
- Atlantic (1)
- Former: S. Swanson
- University of Central Florida (2)
- Former: N. Stott
Deceased: F. Caldeiro
- Former: N. Stott
- University of Miami (1)
- Former: D. Barry
- University of North Florida (1)
- Active: L. Delaney
GEORGIA
- Georgia Institute of Technology (14)
- Active: E. Boe, D. Wheelock
- Former: M. Clifford, J. Davis, B. Hammond, S. Horowitz, T. Kopra, S. Magnus, W. McArthur, S. Still-Kilrain, R. Truly, R.S. Kimbrough,
- Deceased: A. Poindexter, J. Young
- Emory (1)
- Deceased: M. Carter
IOWA
- Cornell (1)
- Former: D. Hilmers
- Iowa State (1)
- Former: C. Anderson
- Wesleyan (1)
- Former: P. Whitson
IDAHO
- Northwest Nazarene (1)
- Former: R. Hieb
- University of Idaho (1)
- Former: J. Ashby
ILLINOIS
- University of Illinois (6)
- Former: S. Altman, L. Archambault, J. Tanner, M. Hopkins
- Deceased: D. Gardner, S. Nagel
- Northwestern (2)
- Active: M. Barratt
- Former: J. Kerwin
- Southern Illinois University (1)
- Former: J. Higginbotham
- University of Chicago (1)
- Former: J. Grunsfeld
INDIANA
- Purdue University (21)
- Active: A. Feustel, L. O’Hara, S. Tingle
- Former: J. Blaha, R. Bridges, M. Brown, J. Casper, R. Covey, G. Gardner,
G. Harbaugh, M. McCulley, M. Polansky, J. Ross, L. Shriver, M. Weber, D. Wolf - Deceased: N. Armstrong, E. Cernan, R. Chaffee, V. Grissom, D. Williams
- Notre Dame (3)
- Management: M. Good
- Former: K. Ford, J. Wetherbee
- DePauw University (1)
- Former: J. Allen
- Indiana University (1)
- Former: D. Wolf
KANSAS
- United States Army Command and General Staff College (1)
- Active: R. Chari
- University of Kansas (4)
- Active: L. O’Hara
- Former: S. Hawley
- Deceased: J. Engle, R. Evans
KENTUCKY
- University of Kentucky (1)
- Former: S. Musgrave
- Western Kentucky University (1)
- Former: T. Wilcutt
LOUISIANA
- Tulane University (1)
- Former: D. Hurley
MARYLAND
- United States Naval Academy (55)
- Active: K. Barron, S. Bowen, R.T. Hines, N. A. Mann, S. Williams, J. Hathaway
- Management: K. Bowersox, R. Cabana
- Former: W. Anders, C. Bolden, J. Buchli, D. Bursch, M. Coats, J. Creighton, F. Culbertson, R. Curbeam, C. Duke, J. Edwards, M. Foreman, S. Frick, D. Gorie, K. Ham, K. Hire, C. Hobaugh, B. Jett, W. Lawrence, D. Leestma, J. Linenger, M. Lopez-Alegria, C. Loria, J. Lovell, L. Nowak, B. O’Connor, S. Oswald, J. Phillips, W.
Readdy, K. Reightler, W. Shepherd, R. Springer, T. Stafford, P. Thuot, G. Zamka - Deceased: D. Eisele, T. Freeman, E. Givens, D. Griggs, J. Irwin, M. Lounge, B.
McCandless, W. McCool, W. Schirra, A. Shepard, M. Smith, S. Thorne, D. Walker, C. Cassidy
- United States Naval Test Pilot School (6)
- Active: R. Chari, M. Dominick, J. Moghbeli, M. Berrios, L. Delaney, J. Wittner
- University of Maryland (5)
- Active: J. Epps
- Former: P. Richards
- Management: R. Arnold
- Deceased: W. McCool, J. Resnik
- Johns Hopkins (2)
- Active: G. R. Wiseman, A. Douglas
- Frostburg State University (1)
- Management: R. Arnold
- Loyola University (1)
- Management: T.J. Creamer
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (2)
- Active: A. Morgan, F. Rubio
MASACHUSETTS
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (41)
- Active: S. Bowen, R. Chari, M. Fincke, T. N. Hague, W. Hoburg, J. Moghbeli, G. Berrios, C. Birch, C. Williams
- Management: T.J. Creamer
- Former: E. Aldrin, D. Antonelli, J. Apt, K. Cameron, C. Cassidy, G. Chamitoff, F. Chang-Diaz, C. Coleman, C. Duke, A. England, J. Fischer, J. Grunsfeld, T. Hart, F. Hauck, W. Lawrence, M. Lee, M. Massimino, P. Melroy, N. Patrick, R. Satcher, R. Schweickart, D. Scott, W. Shepherd, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, D. Tani, N. Woodward
- Deceased: P. Chapman, W. Lenoir, R. McNair, E. Mitchell, J.E. Voss
- Harvard University (7)
- Active: J. Kim, A. Menon, S. Wilson
- Management: R. Linnehan
- Former: J. Hoffman, R. Satcher, H. Schmitt
- Harvard Medical School (1)
- Active: C. Williams
- Amherst (2)
- Former: J. Hoffman, R. Parker
- University of Massachusetts (1)
- Former: C. Coleman
- SE Massachusetts University (1)
- Active: S. Tingle
- Harvard College (1)
- Former: J. Apt
- Holy Cross (1)
- Former: J. Kerwin
- Tufts (1)
- Former: R. Hauck
- Williams College (1)
- Deceased: B. O’Leary
- Boston University (1)
- Active: R.T. Hines
MICHIGAN
- University of Michigan (8)
- Active: A. Douglas
- Former: J. Lousma
- Deceased: T. Freeman, K. Henize, J. Irwin, E. White, A. Worden, J. McDivitt
- Albion College (1)
- Active: J. Cassada
- Oakland Community College (1)
- Former: Andrew Feustel
MINNESOTA
- University of Minnesota (3)
- Active: K. Lindgren
- Former: D. Carey
- Deceased: D. Slayton
- St. John’s University (1)
- Active: M. Vande Hei
MISSOURI
- Missouri University of Science and Technology (3)
- Former: T. Akers, J. Kavandi, S. Magnus
- University of Missouri-Columbia (2)
- Former: L. Godwin
- Deceased: R. Richards
- Webster-Missouri (2)
- Former: E. Collins, S. Gutierrez
- Missouri Southern State University (1)
- Former: J. Kavandi
- Southeast Missouri State (1)
- Former: L. Godwin
- Washington University (1)
- Former: R. Behnken
MISSISSIPPI
- Southern Mississippi (1)
- Former: R. Stewart
MONTANA
- John Carroll University (1)
- Former: C. Walz
NEBRASKA
- Creighton (1)
- Deceased: M. Anderson
- Hastings (1)
- Former: C. Anderson
- Wayne State (1)
- Former: J. Linenger
NEW HAMPSHIRE
- University of New Hampshire (2)
- Management: R. Linnehan, L. Morin
- Dartmouth (1)
- Former: J. Newman
NEW JERSEY
- Princeton (4)
- Former: J. Adamson, D. Barry
- Deceased: G. Carr, C. Conrad
- Rutgers (2)
- Former: T. Hart, M. Runco
NEW YORK
- United States Military Academy (21)
- Active: R.S. Kimbrough, A. McClain, A. Morgan, F. Rubio, D. Wheelock
- Management: P. Forrester
- Former: J. Adamson, E. Aldrin, F. Borman, M. Clifford, C. Gemar, T. Kopra, W.
McArthur, R. Mullane, D. Scott, S. Spring, J. Williams - Deceased: M. Collins, D. Peterson, E. White, A. Worden
- Columbia University (6)
- Former: K. Chilton, W. Gregory, G.H. Johnson, M. Massimino, S. Musgrave
- Management: K. Bowersox
- Cornell University (6)
- Former: E. Baker, D. Barry, M. Jemison, E. Lu, D. Thomas
- Deceased: D. Low
- Rensselaer Polytechnic (3)
- Active: G. R. Wiseman
- Former: R. Mastracchio
- Deceased: J. Swigert
- Merchant Marine Academy (2)
- Former: M. Kelly
- Deceased: E. See
- State University of New York (2)
- Former: E. Baker, R. Garan
- Syracuse (2)
- Former: E. Collins, S. Musgrave
- City College (1)
- Former: M. Runco
- LeMoyne College (1)
- Active: J. Epps
- New York University (1)
- Management: L. Morin
- Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (1)
- Former: C. Camarda
- Rochester (2)
- Active: J. Cassada
- Former: E. Gibson
- NY State-Farmingdale (1)
- Deceased: F. Caldeiro
- NY State-Maritime (1)
- Former: S. Kelly
NORTH CAROLINA
- University of North Carolina (4)
- Active: Z. Cardman
- Former: J. Linenger
- Deceased: C. Brady, W. Thornton
- Davidson College (1)
- Former: T. Marshburn
- Duke University (1)
- Deceased: C. Brady
- Wake Forest (1)
- Former: T. Marshburn
- Agricultural & Technical State (1)
- Deceased: R. McNair
- North Carolina State University (1)
- Active: C. Koch
NORTH DAKOTA
- University of North Dakota (1)
- Former: K. Nyberg
OHIO
- Air Force Institute of Technology (12)
- Former: W. Anders, G. Bluford, M. Brown, J. Fabian, K. Ford, M. Fossum, J. Halsell,
S. Lindsey, M. Mullane - Deceased: G. Cooper, D. Eisele, D. Peterson
- Former: W. Anders, G. Bluford, M. Brown, J. Fabian, K. Ford, M. Fossum, J. Halsell,
- United States Air Force Test Pilot School (2)
- Active: B. Hines
- The Ohio State University (3)
- Management: R. Linnehan
- Former: N. Currie, R. Sega
- Baldwin-Wallace (1)
- Deceased: R. Overmyer
- Case Western (1)
- Former: D. Thomas
- Kent State (1)
- Former: C. Walz
- Marietta (1)
- Former: S. Musgrave
- Muskingum (1)
- Deceased: J. Glenn
- Wright State (1)
- Active: M. Barratt
OKLAHOMA
- University of Oklahoma (3)
- Former: F. Haise, S. Lucid
- Deceased: O. Garriott
- Oklahoma Baptist (1)
- Deceased: W. Pogue
- Oklahoma City (1)
- Deceased: G. Cooper
- Oklahoma State (1)
- Deceased: W. Pogue
OREGON
- Oregon State (2)
- Active: D. Pettit
- Former: W. Oefelein
PENNSYLVANIA
- Drexel University (3)
- Former: J. Bagian, C. Ferguson, P. Richards
- University of Pennsylvania (2)
- Former: G. Reisman, M. Gernhardt
- Indiana University of Pennsylvania (1)
- Deceased: P. Robertson
- Carnegie-Mellon (2)
- Deceased: E. Mitchell, J. Resnik
- The Pennsylvania State University (2)
- Former: G. Bluford
- Deceased: P. Weitz
- Lehigh (1)
- Former: T. Hart
- Pennsylvania Medical College (1)
- Deceased: P. Robertson
- Thomas Jefferson (1)
- Former: J. Bagian
- Villanova (1)
- Former: A. Allen
RHODE ISLAND
- Naval War College (2)
- Former: J. Williams
- Active: J. Hathaway, J, Wittner
- Brown University (2)
- Active: J. Meir
- Former: B. Lichtenberg
SOUTH CAROLINA
- The Citadel (1)
- Active: R. Bresnik
TENNESSEE
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville (7)
- Active: B. Wilmore, R. Bresnik
- Former: J. Ashby, J. Edwards, D. Gorie, S. Kelly, M. Seddon
- Deceased: H. Hartsfield
- Tennessee Technical University (1)
- Active: B. Wilmore
- Vanderbilt (1)
- Former: M. Gernhardt
- Tennessee Space Institute (1)
- Former: W. Oefelein
TEXAS
- University Of Houston (7)
- Former: N. Currie, B. Dunbar, B. Harris, D. Holmquest, S. Musgrave, J.D. Olivas, R.
Walheim
- Former: N. Currie, B. Dunbar, B. Harris, D. Holmquest, S. Musgrave, J.D. Olivas, R.
- University of Texas (13)
- Active: S. Wilson
- Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor
- Former: M. Baker, K. Cockrell, R. Crippen, G.H. Johnson, P. Lockhart, C. Meade, K.
Nyberg, N. Thagard, N. Woodward - Deceased: A. Bean, K. Chawla
- University of Texas-Health Science Center
- Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor
- Rice University (8)
- Active: N. Ayers, S. Walker
- Former: J. Hoffman, T. Jernigan, J. Newman, D. Olivas, P. Whitson
- Deceased: J. Bull
- University of Houston-Clear Lake (7)
- Active: M. Fincke
- Former: G. Bluford, G. Chamitoff, M. Fossum, G. Harbaugh, R. Mastracchio
- Deceased: B. McCandless
- Texas Tech (4)
- Former: B. Harris, P. Lockhart
- Deceased: C. Bassett, R. Husband
- Texas A&M (2)
- Former: M. Fossum, S. Swanson
- University of Texas-Arlington (1)
- Former: R. Stewart
- University of Texas-Medical Branch (3)
- Active: K. Lindgren, A. Menon
- Former: T. Marshburn
- Baylor University (1)
- Former: D. Holmquest
- University of Texas-Dallas (1)
- Former: J. Reilly
- University of Texas-El Paso (1)
- Former: D. Olivas
- Univ. of Texas-Public Health (1)
- Former: E. Baker
UTAH
- University of Utah (1)
- Deceased: D. Lind
- Utah State (1)
- Former: M. Cleave
VERMONT
- University of Vermont (1)
- Deceased: D. Graveline
VIRGINIA
- University of Virginia (6)
- Management: P. Forrester
- Former: L. Melvin, K. Thornton, J. Wisoff, T. Marshburn
- Deceased: K. Henize
- East Virginia Medical (1)
- Deceased: D. Brown
- Old Dominion (1)
- Former: M. Bloomfield
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1)
- Former: C. Camarda
- William & Mary (1)
- Deceased: D. Brown
- University of Richmond (1)
- Former: L. Melvin
- Washington & Lee (1)
- Deceased: D. Low
WASHINGTON
- University of Washington (12)
- Active: M. Barratt
- Management: Y. Cagle, S. Love
- Former: D. Antonelli, B. Dunbar, J. Dutton, J. Fabian, G.C. Johnson, J. Kavandi, G. Nelson
- Deceased: M. Anderson, R. Gordon
- Washington State (1)
- Former: J. Fabian
- Whitman College (1)
- Former: D. Metcalf-Lindenburger
WISCONSIN
- University of Wisconsin-Madison (2)
- Former: B. Shaw
- Deceased: L. Clark
- University of Wisconsin-River Falls (1)
- Former: D. Brandenstein
6.0 NASA ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES
The eleven Expedition 68 crew members aboard the International Space Station pose for a portrait.
ARGENTINA: F. Caldeiro
AUSTRALIA: P. Chapman, P. Scully-Power, A. Thomas
BRAZIL: M. Pontes
CANADA: G. Chamitoff, C. Hadfield, J. Hansen, J. Payette, D. Saint-Jacques, R. Thirsk, D. R. Williams
CHINA: W. Anders, S. Lucid, T. Wang
COSTA RICA: F. Chang-Diaz
DENMARK: A. Mogensen
ENGLAND: M. Foale, G.H. Johnson, N. Patrick, T. Peake, P. Sellers
FRANCE: L. Eyharts, T. Pesquet
GERMANY: A. Gerst, H. Schlegel, S. Thorne, J. Moghbeli
INDIA: K. Chawla
ITALY: M. Collins, P.
NETHERLANDS: L. Van Den Berg
PACIFIC ISLANDS: J. Newman
PERU: C. Noriega
SPAIN: M. Lopez-Alegria
SWITZERLAND: C. Nicollier
SWEDEN: C. Fuglesang
TAIWAN: K. Lindgren
TURKEY: D. Burnham
VIETNAM: E. Trinh
WALES: J. Llewellyn
7.0 ASTRONAUTS' SCOUTING RECORDS
Greg “Box” Johnson, executive director of Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) and former astronaut, third from left, receives an Distinguished Eagle Scout Award during the Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree, Tuesday, July 25, 2017 at the Summit Bechtel Reserve in Glen Jean, West Virginia.
EAGLE:
Active: J. Hathaway, C. Williams, R. Chari, K. Lindgren, D. Pettit
Management: P. Forrester, K. Bowersox
Former: J. Adamson, J. Bagian, G. Bluford, K. Bowersox, C. Brady, G. Chamitoff, R. Covey, J. Creighton, C. Duke, M. Fossum, W. Gregory, J. Hoffman, G.H. Johnson, T. Jones, M. Lee, D. Lind, S. Lindsey, J. Lovell, M. McCulley, B. O’Leary, S. Oswald, S. Parazynski, K. Reightler, J. Tanner, R. Truly
Deceased: N. Armstrong, G. Carr, M. Carter, R. Chaffee, D. Eisele, G.H. Fullerton, S.D. Griggs, J. Llewellyn (King’s Scout, U.K.), W. McCool, E. Onizuka, R. Searfoss, E. See, D. Walker
GIRL SCOUT:
Active: K. Barron, C. Koch, N. Mann, M. McArthur, J. Meir, L. O’Hara, K. Rubins, J. Watkins, S. Williams
Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor, Y. Cagle
Former: E. Collins, N. Currie-Gregg, J. Davis, A. Fisher, S. Helms, J. Higginbotham, K. Hire, T. Jernigan, S. Kilrain (Still), W. Lawrence, S. Magnus, D. Metcalf-Lindenburger, B. Morgan, L. Nowak, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, M.R. Seddon, K. Sullivan, K. Thornton, M. Weber
Deceased: L. Clark, J.E. Voss
8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS
8.1 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
Members from the Air Force, Joby Aviation, and NASA cut a ribbon on Sept. 25 at Edwards Air Force Base in Edwards, California after opening a maintenance shelter for Joby’s electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Under an interagency agreement with AFWERX, NASA pilots and researchers will test the Joby aircraft starting in 2024.
Air Force photo by Richard Gonzales
| ASTRONAUT | STATUS | Rank | Branch |
| Akers, Thomas D. | Former | Lt. Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Aldrin, Edwin (Buzz) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Anderson, Michael P. (Mike) | Deceased | Lt. Colonel | USAF |
| Archambault, Lee J. (Bru) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Ayers, Nichole | Active | Major | USAF |
| Bassett, Charles A. | Deceased | Captain | USAF |
| Behnken, Robert L. (Bob) | Former | Lt. Colonel | USAF |
| Berrios, Marcos G. | Active | Major | USAF |
| Blaha, John E. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Bloomfield, Michael J. (Mike) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Bluford, Guion S. (Guy) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Bobko, Karol J. (Bo) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Boe, Eric A. | Active | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Borman, Frank | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Bridges, Roy D. | Former | Major General (Ret.) | USAF |
| Brown, Curtis L., Jr. (Curt) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Brown, Mark N. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Cagle, Yvonne D. | Management | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Carey, Duane G. | Former | Lt. Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Casper, John H. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Chari, Raja | Active | Colonel | USAF |
| Chilton, Kevin P. | Former | General (Ret.) | USAF |
| Coleman, Catherine G. (Cady) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Collins, Eileen M. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Cooper, L. Gordon (Gordo) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Covey, Richard O. (Dick) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Drew, B. Alvin (Al) | Management | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Duffy, Brian | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Duke, Charles M., Jr. | Former | Brig. General (Ret.) | USAF |
| Dutton, James P. (Jim) | Former | Colonel | USAF |
| Eisele, Donn F. | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Engle, Joe H. | Deceased | Major General (Ret.) | USAF |
| Fabian, John M. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Fincke, E. Michael (Mike) | Active | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Fischer, Jack D. | Former | Lt. Colonel | USAF |
| Ford, Kevin A. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Freeman, Theodore C. | Deceased | Captain | USAF |
| Fullerton, C. Gordon | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Garan, Ronald J. (Ron) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Gardner, Guy S. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Givens, Edward G. | Deceased | Major General | USAF |
| Good, Michael T. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Grabe, Ronald J. (Ron) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Gregory, Frederick D. (Fred) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Gregory, William G. (Bill) | Former | Lt. Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Grissom, Virgil I. (Gus) | Deceased | Lt. Colonel | USAF |
| Gutierrez, Sidney M. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Halsell, James D. (Jim) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Hammond, L. Blaine | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Hartsfield, Henry W. (Hank) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Helms, Susan J. | Former | Lt. General | USAF |
| Henricks, Terence T. (Tom) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Hines, Robert “Bob” T. | Active | Lt. Colonel | USAF |
| Horowitz, Scott J. (Doc) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Husband, Rick D. | Deceased | Colonel | USAF |
| Irwin, James B. | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Johnson, Greg H. (Box) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Kelly, James M. (Jim) | Management | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Lee, Mark C. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Lindsey, Steven W. (Steve) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Lockhart, Paul S. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| McDivitt, James A. (Jim) | Deceased | Brig. General (Ret.) | USAF |
| McMonagle, Donald R. (Don) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Meade, Carl J. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Melroy, Pamela A. (Pam) | Management | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Menon, Anil | Active | Lt. Colonel | USAF |
| Mullane, Richard M. (Mike) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Nagel, Steven R. | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Onizuka, Ellison S. | Deceased | Lt. Colonel | USAF |
| Peterson, Donald H. (Don) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Pogue, William R. (Bill) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Precourt, Charles J. (Charlie) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Roosa, Stuart A. | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Ross, Jerry L. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Scobee, Francis R. (Dick) | Deceased | Major General (Ret.) | USAF |
| Scott, David R. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Searfoss, Richard A. (Rick) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Shaw, Brewster H. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Shriver, Loren J. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Stafford, Thomas P | Former | Lt. General (Ret.) | USAF |
| Virts, Terry W. | Former | Colonel | USAF |
| Walheim, Rex J. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| Walz, Carl E. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
| White, Edward H. (Ed) | Deceased | Lt. Colonel | USAF |
| Worden, Alfred M. (Al) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USAF |
8.2 UNITED STATES ARMY
NASA astronauts Chris Cassidy and Andrew Morgan take a break and pose for a portrait inside the Quest airlock.
| ASTRONAUT | STATUS | Rank | Branch |
| Adamson, James C. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Clifford, Michael R. (Rich) | Deceased | Lt. Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Creamer, Timothy J. (TJ) | Management | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Currie (Sherlock), Nancy J. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Forrester, Patrick (Pat) | Management | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Gemar, Charles (Sam) | Former | Lt. Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Kimbrough, Robert S. (Shane) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Kopra, Timothy L. (Tim) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| McArthur, William S. (Bill) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| McClain, Anne C. | Active | Colonel | USA |
| Morgan, Andrew R. | Active | Colonel | USA |
| Rubio, Francisco “Frank” | Active | Major | USA |
| Spring, Sherwood C. (Woody) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Stewart, Robert L. | Former | Brig. General (Ret.) | USA |
| Vande Hei, Mark T. | Active | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Voss, James S. (Jim) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Wheelock, Douglas H. (Doug) | Active | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
| Williams, Jeffrey N. (Jeff) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USA |
8.3 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD
PHOTO DATE: 07-13-17
LOCATION: U.S. Coast Guard – Galveston Marine Base
SUBJECT: ICEE-HOT, is being conducted by the Orion and Ground Systems Development and Operations programs along with the U.S. Department of Defense, to evaluate procedures being developed to get astronauts out of the Orion crew module upon returning to Earth. Astronauts involved in the testing include: Dan Burbank, Victor Glover, Mike Fincke and Stan Love.
PHOTOGRAPHER:JOSH VALCARCEL
LOCATION: U.S. Coast Guard – Galveston Marine Base
SUBJECT: ICEE-HOT, is being conducted by the Orion and Ground Systems Development and Operations programs along with the U.S. Department of Defense, to evaluate procedures being developed to get astronauts out of the Orion crew module upon returning to Earth. Astronauts involved in the testing include: Dan Burbank, Victor Glover, Mike Fincke and Stan Love.
PHOTOGRAPHER:JOSH VALCARCEL
| ASTRONAUT | STATUS | Rank | Branch |
| Burbank, Daniel C. (Dan) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USCG |
| Melnick, Bruce E. | Former | Commander (Ret.) | USCG |
| Douglas, Andre | Active | USCG |
8.4 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
(28 October 2017) Expedition 53 Flight Engineer (FE) Joseph Acaba and Commander Randy Bresnik with United States Marine Corps (USMC) shirts on and USMC flag behind them. (Credit: NASA)
| ASTRONAUT | STATUS | Rank | Branch |
| Allen, Andrew M. | Former | Lt. Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Bolden, Charles F. (Charlie) | Former | Major General (Ret.) | USMC |
| Brand, Vance D. | Former | Commander (Ret.) | USMC |
| Bresnik, Randolph J. (Randy) | Active | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Buchli, James F. (Jim) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Cabana, Robert D. (Bob) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Cameron, Kenneth D. (Ken) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Carr, Gerald P. (Gerry) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Cunningham, Walter (Walt) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Delaney, Luke | Active | Major (Ret.) | USMC |
| Glenn, John H. | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Hilmers, David C. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Hobaugh, Charles O. (Charlie) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Hurley, Douglas G. (Doug) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Loria, Christopher J. (Gus) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Lousma, Jack R. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Mann, Nicole Anuapu | Active | Colonel | USMC |
| Moghbeli, Jasmin | Active | Lt. Colonel | USMC |
| Noriega, Carlos I. | Former | Lt. Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| O’Connor, Bryan D. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Overmyer, Robert F. (Bob) | Deceased | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Springer, Robert C. (Bob) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Sturckow, Frederick J. (CJ) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Wilcutt, Terrence W. (Terry) | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
| Williams, Clifford C. | Deceased | Major | USMC |
| Zamka, George D. | Former | Colonel (Ret.) | USMC |
8.5 UNITED STATES NAVY
Recovery team members work to guide a test version of Orion into the USS Anchorage’s well deck on Sept. 15, 2014. NASA and the Navy are working together this week to test tools and techniques that will be used to recover the spacecraft once it splashes down following Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.
| ASTRONAUT | STATUS | Rank | Branch |
| Altman, Scott D. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Antonelli, Dominic A. (Tony) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Ashby, Jeffrey S. (Jeff) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Baker, Michael A. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Barron, Kayla | Active | Lt. Commander | USN |
| Bean, Alan L. (Al) | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Bowen, Stephen G. (Steve) | Active | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Bowersox, Kenneth D. (Ken) | Management | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Brady, Charles E. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Brandenstein, Daniel D. (Dan) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Brown, David M. (Dave) | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Burnham, Deniz | Active | Lieutenant | USN |
| Bursch, Daniel W. (Dan) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Carpenter, M. Scott | Deceased | Commander (Ret.) | USN |
| Carter, Manley L. (Sonny) | Deceased | Captain | USN |
| Cassada, John A. | Active | Lt. Commander | USN |
| Cassidy, Christopher J. (Chris) | Former | Captain | USN |
| Cernan, Eugene A. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Chaffee, Roger B. | Deceased | Lt. Commander | USN |
| Clark, Laurel B. | Deceased | Captain | USN |
| Coats, Michael L. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Cockrell, Kenneth D. (Ken) | Former | Captain (Res.) | USN |
| Conrad, Charles, Jr. | Deceased | Captain | USN |
| Creighton, John O. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Crippen, Robert L. (Crip) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Curbeam, Robert L. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Culbertson, Frank L. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Dominick, Matthew | Active | Commander | USN |
| Edwards, Joe F., Jr. | Former | Commander (Ret.) | USN |
| Evans, Ronald E. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Ferguson, Christopher J. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Foreman, Michael (Mike) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Frick, Stephen N. (Steve) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Gardner, Dale A. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Gibson, Robert L. (Hoot) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Glover, Victor J. | Active | Captain | USN |
| Gordon, Richard F., Jr. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Gorie, Dominic L. (Dom) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Ham, Kenneth T. (Ken) | Former | Captain | USN |
| Hathaway, Jack | Active | Commander | USN |
| Hauck, Frederick H. (Rick) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Herrington, John B. | Former | Commander (Ret.) | USN |
| Hire, Kathryn P. (Kay) | Former | Captain (Res.) | USN |
| Jett, Brent W. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Johnson, Gregory C. (RayJ) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Kelly, Mark E. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Kelly, Scott J. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Kerwin, Joseph P. (Joe) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Kilrain (Still), Susan L. | Former | Commander (Ret.) | USN |
| Kim, Jonny | Active | Lt. Commander | USN |
| Lawrence, Wendy B. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Leestma, David C. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Linenger, Jerry M. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. (L.A.) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Lovell, James A. (Jim) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Mattingly, Thomas K. (TK) | Deceased | Rear Admiral | USN |
| McBride, Jon A. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| McCandless, Bruce | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| McCool, William C. (Willie) | Deceased | Commander | USN |
| McCulley, Michael J. (Mike) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Mitchell, Edger D. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Morin, Lee M. | Management | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Nowak, Lisa M. | Former | Commander (Ret.) | USN |
| Oefelein, William A. | Former | Commander (Ret.) | USN |
| Phillips, John L. | Former | Captain (Res.) | USN |
| Poindexter, Alan G. (Dex) | Deceased | Commander | USN |
| Readdy, William F. (Bill) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Reightler, Kenneth S. (Ken) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Richards, Richard N. (Dick) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Rominger, Kent V. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Runco, Mario, Jr. | Former | Lt. Commander (Ret.) | USN |
| Schirra, Walter M. (Wally) | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Scott, Winston E. | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Shepard, Alan B. (Al) | Deceased | Rear Admiral | USN |
| Shepherd, William M. (Bill) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Smith, Michael J. | Deceased | Captain | USN |
| Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie | Former | Captain | USN |
| Thorne, Stephen D. | Deceased | Lt. Commander | USN |
| Thuot, Pierre J. | Former | Commander | USN |
| Tingle, Scott D. | Active | Captain | USN |
| Truly, Richard H. (Dick) | Former | Vice Admiral (Ret.) | USN |
| Walker, David M. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Weitz, Paul J. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Wetherbee, James D. (Jim) | Former | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Williams, Donald E. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Williams, Sunita L. (Suni) | Active | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
| Wilmore, Barry E. (Butch) | Active | Captain | USN |
| Wiseman, G. Reid | Active | Lt. Commander (Ret.) | USN |
| Wittner, Jessica A. | Active | Lt. Commander | USN |
| Woodward, Neil W. | Former | Commander (Ret.) | USN |
| Young, John W. | Deceased | Captain (Ret.) | USN |
8.6 UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE
The United States Space Force Training Leadership Team visited NASA Stennis Sept. 20 for a tour of various facilities. The group received an overview of work conducted at NASA Stennis, including stops at the Autonomous Systems Laboratory and B Test Stand, along with visits to Aerojet Rocketdyne, an L3 Harris Technologies Company, and Lockheed Martin. A day earlier, NASA Stennis senior management attended the activation ceremony for the first United States Space Force unit in the state of Mississippi at Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi.
NASA / Stennis
| ASTRONAUT | STATUS | Rank | Branch |
| Hague, Tyler N. | Active | Colonel | USSF |
| Hopkins, Michael S | Former | Colonel | USSF |
9.0 U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG
9.1 PRE-SHUTTLE SPACE FLIGHT
S66-54454 (13 Sept. 1966) — Astronaut Richard F. Gordon Jr., pilot for the Gemini-11 spaceflight, returns to the hatch of the spacecraft following extravehicular activity (EVA). This picture was taken over the Atlantic Ocean at approximately 160 nautical miles above Earth’s surface. Photo credit: NASA
MERCURY-REDSTONE
| Mercury 3 | Shepard, Alan B. | May 5, 1961 | 15 min – 28 sec |
| Mercury 4 | Grissom, Virgil I | July 21, 1961 | 15 min – 37 sec |
| Mercury 6 | Glenn, John H. | Feb. 20, 1962 | 4 hr – 55 min – 23 sec |
| Mercury 7 | Carpenter, Scott M. | May 24, 1962 | 4 hr – 56 min – 05 sec |
| Mercury 8 | Schirra, Walter M. | Oct. 3, 1962 | 9 hr – 13 min – 11 sec |
| Mercury 9 | Cooper, L. Gordon | May 5-15, 1963 | 34 hr – 19 min – 49 sec |
GEMINI-TITAN
| Gemini III | Grissom, Virgil I. Young, John W. |
March 23, 1965 | 4 hr – 52 min – 31 sec |
| Gemini IV | McDivitt, James A. White, Edward H. |
June 3-7, 1965 | 97 hr – 56 min – 12 sec |
| Gemini V | Cooper, L. Gordon Conrad, Charles |
Aug. 21-29, 1965 | 190 hr – 55 min – 14 sec |
| Gemini VII | Borman, Frank Lovell, James A. |
Dec. 4-18, 1965 | 330 hr – 35 min – 01 sec |
| Gemini VI-A | Schirra, Walter M. Stafford, Thomas P |
Dec. 15-16, 1965 | 25 hr – 51 min – 24 sec |
| Gemini VIII | Armstrong, Neil A. Scott, David R. |
March 16, 1966 | 10 hr – 41 min – 26 sec |
| Gemini IX-A | Stafford, Thomas P. Cernan, Eugene A. |
June 3-6, 1966 | 72 hr – 20 min – 50 sec |
| Gemini X | Young, John W. Collins, Michael |
July 18-21, 1966 | 70 hr – 46 min – 39 sec |
| Gemini XI | Conrad, Charles Gordon, Richard F. |
Sept. 12-15, 1966 | 71 hr – 17 min – 08 sec |
| Gemini XII | Lovell, James A. Aldrin, Buzz |
Nov. 11-15, 1966 | 94 hr – 34 min – 31 sec |
APOLLO-SATURN
| Apollo 7 | Schirra, Walter M. Eisele, Donn F. Cunningham Walter |
Oct. 11-22, 1968 | 260 hr – 09 min – 03 sec |
| Apollo 8 | Borman, Frank Lovell, James A. Anders, William A. |
Dec. 21-27, 1968 | 147 hr – 00 min – 42 sec |
| Apollo 9 | McDivitt, James A. Scott, David R. Schweickart, Russell L. |
March 3-13, 1969 | 241 hr – 00 min – 54 sec |
| Apollo 10 | Stafford, Thomas P. Young, John W. Cernan, Eugene A. |
May 18-26, 1969 | 192 hr – 23 min – 23 sec |
| Apollo 11 | Armstrong, Neil A. Collins, Michael Aldrin, Buzz |
July 16-24, 1969 | 195 hr – 18 min – 35 sec |
| Apollo 12 | Conrad, Charles Gordon, Richard F. Bean, Alan L. |
Nov. 14-24, 1969 | 244 hr – 36 min – 24 sec |
| Apollo 13 | Lovell, James A. Swigert, John L. Haise, Fred W. |
April 11-17, 1970 | 142 hr – 54 min – 41 sec |
| Apollo 14 | Shepard, Alan B. Roosa, Stuart A. Mitchell, Edgar D. |
Jan. 31 – Feb. 9, 1971 | 216 hr – 01 min – 58 sec |
| Apollo 15 | Scott, David R Worden, Alfred M. Irwin, James B. |
July 26 – Aug. 7, 1971 | 305 hr – 11 min – 53 sec |
| Apollo 16 | Young, John W. Mattingly, Thomas K. Duke, Charles M. |
April 16-27, 1972 | 265 hr – 51 min – 05 sec |
| Apollo 17 | Cernan, Eugene A. Evans, Ronald E. Schmitt, Harrison H. |
Dec. 7-19, 1972 | 301 hr – 51 min – 59 sec |
SKYLAB
| Skylab SL-2 | Conrad, Charles Kerwin, Joseph P. Weitz, Paul J. |
May 25 – June 22, 1973 | 672 hr – 49 min – 49 sec |
| Skylab SL-3 | Bean, Alan L. Garriott, Owen K. Lousma, Jack R. |
July 28 – Sept. 25, 1973 | 1427 hr – 09 min – 04 sec |
| Skylab SL-4 | Carr, Gerald P. Gibson, Edward G. Pogue, William R. |
Nov. 16, 1973 – Feb. 8, 1974 | 2017 hr – 16 min – 00 sec |
APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP)
| Stafford, Thomas P. Brand, Vance D. Slayton, Donald K. |
July 15-24, 1975 | 223 hours – 28 min – sec |
9.2 SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM MISSIONS
Liftoff of space shuttle Discovery on the STS-95 mission, returning Glenn to orbit
| Flight Vehicle | Crew – Designation (STS seat) |
Duration Days, Hour., Minutes Orbits Miles, sm |
Date Launch Landing |
Time Launch Landing (Main gear) |
| STS-1 Columbia |
Young, John W. – CDR
Crippen, Robert L. – PLT |
02 days, 06 hours, 20 minutes
36 orbits 933,757 miles, sm |
Apr-12-81
Apr-14-81 EAFB |
06:00 a.m. CST
12:20 p.m. CST |
| STS-2 Columbia |
Engle, Joe H. – CDR
Truly, Richard H. – PLT |
02 days, 06 hours, 13 minutes
36 orbits 933,757 miles, sm |
Nov-12-81
Nov-14-81 EAFB |
09:10 a.m. CST
03:23 p.m. CST |
| STS-3 Columbia |
Lousma, Jack R. – CDR
Fullerton, Gordon – PLT |
08 days, 00 hours, 04 minutes
129 orbits 3,900,000 miles, sm |
Mar-22-82
Mar-30-82 White Sands |
10:00 a.m. CST
10:04 a.m. CST Space Harbor, NM |
| STS-4 Columbia |
Mattingly, Thomas – CDR
Hartsfield, Henry W. – PLT |
07 days, 01 hours, 11 minutes
112 orbits 2,900,000 miles, sm |
Jun-27-82
Jul-04-82 EAFB |
09:59 a.m. CDT
11:11 a.m. CDT |
| STS-5 Columbia |
Brand, Vance D. – CDR
Overmyer, Robert F. – PLT Allen, Joseph P. – MS Lenoir, William B. – MS |
5 days, 02 hours, 14 minutes
81 orbits 1,850,000 miles, sm |
Nov-11-82
Nov-16-82 EAFB |
06:19 a.m. CST
08:33 a.m. CST |
| STS-6 Challenger |
Weitz, Paul J. – CDR Bobko, Karol J. – PLT Peterson, Donald H. – MS Musgrave, F. Story – MS |
5 days, 00 hours, 23 minutes
80 orbits 1,820,000 miles, sm |
Apr-04-83
Apr-09-83 EAFB |
01:30 p.m. CST
01:53 p.m. CST |
| STS-7 Challenger |
Crippen, Robert L. – CDR
Hauck, Frederick H. – PLT Ride, Sally K. – MS Fabian, John M. – MS Thagard, Norman E. – MS |
06 days, 02 hours, 23 minutes
98 orbits 2,220,000 miles, sm |
Jun-18-83
Jun-24-83 EAFB |
06:33 a.m. CDT
08:56 a.m. CDT |
| STS-8 Challenger |
Truly, Richard H. – CDR
Brandenstein, Daniel C. – PLT Gardner, Dale A. – MS Bluford, Guion S. – MS Thornton, William E. – MS Parker, Robert A. – MS Lichtenberg, Byron K.- PS Merbold, Ulf – PS (Germany) |
6 days, 01 hours, 08 minutes
98 orbits 2,220,000 miles, sm |
Aug-30-83
Sep-05-83 EAFB |
01:32 a.m. CDT
02:40 a.m. CDT |
| 41-B Challenger |
Brand, Vance D. – CDR
Gibson, Robert L. – PLT Stewart, Robert L. – MS |
7 days, 23 hours, 15 minutes
127 orbits 2,870,000 miles, sm |
Feb-03-84 Feb-11-84 KSC |
07:00 a.m. CST
06:15 a.m. CST |
| 41-C Challenger |
Crippen, Robert L. – CDR
Scobee, Francis R. – PLT Van Hoften, James D. – MS Hart, Terry J. – MS |
6 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes
107 orbits 2,880,000 miles, sm |
Apr-06-84 Apr-13-84 EAFB |
07:58 a.m. CST
07:38 a.m. CST |
| 41-D Discovery |
Hartsfield, Henry W. – CDR
Coats, Michael L. – PLT Resnik, Judith A. – MS Walker, Charles D. – PS |
06 days, 56 minutes, 4 seconds
97 orbits 2,210,000 miles, sm |
Aug-30-84
Sep-05-84 EAFB |
07:41 a.m. CDT
08:37 a.m. CDT |
| 41-G Challenger |
Crippen, Robert L. – CDR
McBride, Jon A. – PLT Ride, Sally K. – MS Leestma, David D. – MS Scully-Power, Paul D. – PS |
08 days, 05 hours, 23 minutes 133 orbits 3,400,000 miles, sm |
Oct-05-84 Oct-13-84 KSC |
06:03 a.m. CDT
11:26 a.m. CDT |
| 51-A Discovery |
Hauck, Frederick H. – CDR
Walker, David M. – PLT Gardner, Dale A. – MS |
07 days, 23 hours, 44 minutes
127 orbits 2,870,000 miles, sm |
Nov-08-84
Nov-16-84 KSC |
06:15 a.m. CST
05:59 a.m. CST |
| 51-C Discovery |
Mattingly, Thomas K. – CDR Shriver, Loren J. – PLT Onizuka, Ellison S. – MS Buchli, James F. – MS Payton, Gary E. – PS (DOD) |
3 days, 01 hours, 33 minutes
48 orbits |
Jan-24-85
Jan-27-85 |
01:50 p.m. CST
03:23 p.m. CST |
| 51-D Discovery |
Bobko, Karol J. – CDR Williams, Donald E. – PLT Seddon, M. Rhea – MS Hoffman, Jeffrey A. – MS Griggs, S. David – MS Walker, Charles D. – PS Garn, Jake – PS (U.S. Sen-UT) |
6 days, 23 hours, 54 minutes
110 orbits |
Apr-12-85 Apr-19-85 KSC |
07:59 a.m. CST
07:54 a.m. CST |
| 51-B SL-3 Challenger |
Overmyer, Robert F – CDR
Gregory, William G. – PLT Lind, Don L. – MS |
7 days, 8 minutes
110 orbits 2,900,000 miles, sm |
Apr-29-85 May-06-85 EAFB |
11:02 a.m. CDT
11:11 a.m. CDT |
| 51-G Discovery |
Brandenstein, Daniel C. – CDR
Creighton, John O. – PLT Lucid, Shannon W. – MS Nagel, Steven R. – MS |
07 days, 01 hour, 39 minutes
112 orbits 2,916,127 miles, sm |
Jun-17-85
Jun-24-85 EAFB |
06:33 a.m. CDT
08:12 a.m. CDT |
| 51-F SL-2 Challenger |
Fullerton, C. Gordon – CDR
Bridges, Roy D. – PLT Musgrave, F. Story – MS England, Anthony W. – MS Henize, Karl G. – MS Acton, Loren W. – PS (Lockheed) Bartoe, John-David – PS (US Navy Civ.) |
07 days, 22 hours, 45 minutes
126 orbits 2,850,000 miles, sm |
Jul-29-85
Aug-06-85 |
04:00 p.m. CDT
02:45 p.m. CDT |
| 51-I Discovery |
Engle, Joe H. – CDR
Covey, Richard O. – PLT Lounge, John M. – MS |
07 days, 03 hours, 17 minutes
111 orbits 2,500,000 miles, sm |
Aug-27-85
Sep-03-85 EAFB |
05:58 a.m. CDT
08:15 a.m. CDT |
| 51-J Atlantis |
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| 61-A Challenger |
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| 61-B Atlantis |
||||
| 61-C Columbia |
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| 51-L Challenger |
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| STS-26 Discovery |
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| STS-27 Atlantis |
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| STS-29 Discovery |
||||
| STS-30 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-28 Columbia |
||||
| STS-34 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-33 Discovery |
||||
| STS-32 Columbia |
||||
| STS-36 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-31 Discovery |
||||
| STS-41 Discovery |
||||
| STS-38 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-35 Columbia |
||||
| STS-37 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-39 Discovery |
||||
| STS-40 Columbia |
||||
| STS-43 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-48 Discovery |
||||
| STS-44 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-42 Discovery |
||||
| STS-45 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-49 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-50 Columbia |
||||
| STS-46 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-47 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-52 Columbia |
||||
| STS-53 Discovery |
||||
| STS-54 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-56 Discovery |
||||
| STS-55 Columbia |
||||
| STS-57 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-51 Discovery |
||||
| STS-58 Columbia |
||||
| STS-61 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-60 Discovery |
||||
| STS-62 Columbia |
||||
| STS-59 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-65 Columbia |
||||
| STS-64 Discovery |
||||
| STS-68 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-66 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-63 Discovery |
||||
| STS-67 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-71 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-70 Discovery |
||||
| STS-69 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-73 Columbia |
||||
| STS-74 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-72 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-75 Columbia |
||||
| STS-76 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-77 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-78 Columbia |
||||
| STS-79 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-80 Columbia |
||||
| STS-81 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-82 Discovery |
||||
| STS-83 Columbia |
||||
| STS-84 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-94 Columbia |
||||
| STS-85 Discovery |
||||
| STS-86 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-87 Columbia |
||||
| STS-89 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-90 Columbia |
||||
| STS-91 Discovery |
||||
| STS-95 Discovery |
||||
| STS-88 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-96 Discovery |
||||
| STS-93 Columbia |
||||
| STS-103 Discovery |
||||
| STS-99 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-101 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-106 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-92 Discovery |
||||
| STS-97 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-98 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-102 Discovery |
||||
| STS-100 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-104 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-105 Discovery |
||||
| STS-108 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-109 Columbia |
||||
| STS-110 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-111 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-112 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-113 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-107 Columbia |
||||
| STS-114 Discovery |
||||
| STS-121 Discovery |
||||
| STS-115 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-116 Discovery |
||||
| STS-117 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-118 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-120 Discovery |
||||
| STS-122 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-123 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-124 Discovery |
||||
| STS-126 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-119 Discovery |
||||
| STS-125 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-127 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-128 Discovery |
||||
| STS-129 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-130 Endeavour |
||||
| STS-131 Discovery |
||||
| STS-132 Atlantis |
||||
| STS-133 Discovery Final Flight (39th) 148,221,675 total miles |
||||
| STS-134 Endeavour Final Flight (25th) 122,883,151 total miles |
||||
| STS-135 Atlantis Final Flight (33rd) 125,935,769 total miles |
Ferguson, Christopher J. – CDR Hurley, Douglas G. – PLT Magnus, Sandra H. – MS1 Walheim, Rex J. – MS2 |
|||
| Total Time Shuttles Were in Space: |
37164 days, 31 hours, 05 minutes | |||
| Total Miles Shuttles Flew: | 542,398,878 (135 flights) |
9.3 COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM MISSIONS
Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev, left, NASA astronaut Warren “Woody” Hoburg, second from left, NASA astronaut Stephen Bowen, second from right, and UAE (United Arab Emirates) astronaut Sultan Alneyadi, right, are seen inside the SpaceX Dragon Endeavour spacecraft onboard the SpaceX recovery ship MEGAN shortly after having landed in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, Monday, Sept. 4, 2023. Bowen, Hoburg, Alneyadi, and Fedyaev are returning after nearly six-months in space as part of Expedition 69 aboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
| Flight Vehicle | Crew – Designation (STS seat) |
Duration Days/Hrs/Min Orbits Miles, sm |
Date Launch, Location Landing, Location | Time Launch Landing |
| DM-2 Endeavor |
Hurley, Douglas G. – CDR
Behnken, Robert L. – JOC |
63 days
1,024 orbits 27.1 million sm |
30 May 2020, KSC 39-A | 02:22 p.m. CST |
| Crew-1 | Hopkins, Michael S. – CDR | 167 days | 16 Nov 2020, KSC 39-A | 08:27 p.m. CST |
| Resilience | Glover, Victor J. – PLT | 2,688 orbits | 02 May 2021, GOM | 01:56 a.m. CST |
| Walker, Shannon – MS | 71.1 million sm | |||
| Noguchi, Soichi – MS (Japan) | ||||
| Crew-2 | Kimbrough, R. Shane – CDR | 198 days | 23 April 2021, KSC 39-A | 04:49 a.m. CST |
| Endeavor | McArthur, K. Megan – PLT | 3,194 orbits | 9 November 2021, GOM | 9:33 p.m. CST |
| Pesquet, Thomas – MS (ESA) | 84,653,119 sm | |||
| Hoshide, Aki – MS (Japan) | ||||
| Crew-3 | Chari, Raja – CDR | 177 days | 10 November 2021, KSC 39-A | 8:03 p.m. CST |
| Endurance | Marshburn, Thomas – PLT | 2,832 orbits | 6 May 2022, GOM | 11:43 p.m. CST |
| Barron, Kayla – MS | 75,060,792 sm | |||
| Maurer, Matthias – MS (ESA) | ||||
| Crew-4 | Lindgren, Kjell – CDR | 170 days | 27 April 2022, KSC 39-A | 2:52 a.m. CST |
| Freedom | Hines, Robert – PLT | 2,720 orbits | 14 Oct. 2022, GOM | 3:55 p.m. CST |
| Watkins, Jessica – MS | 72,168,935 sm | |||
| Cristoforetti, Samantha – MS (ESA) | ||||
| Crew-5 | Mann, Nicole – CDR | 157 days | 5 Oct. 2022, KSC 39-A | 11 a.m. CST |
| Endurance | Cassada, Josh – PLT | 2,512 orbits | 11 March 2023, GOM | 8:07 p.m. CST |
| Wakata, Koichi – MS (JAXA) | 66,577,531 sm | |||
| Kikina, Anna – MS (ROSCOSMOS) | ||||
| Crew-6 | Bowen, Stephen – CDR | 186 days | 2 March 2023, KSC 39-A | 11:34 p.m. CST |
| Endeavour | Hoburg, Warren – PLT | 2, 976 orbits | 3 Sept. 2023, GOM | 11:17 p.m. CST |
| Alneyadi, Sultan – MS (UAE) | 78,875,292 sm | |||
| Fedyaev, Andrey – MS (ROSCOSMOS) | ||||
| Crew-7 | Moghbeli, Jasmin – CDR | 26 Aug. 2023, KSC 39-A | 2:37 a.m. CST | |
| Endurance | Mogensen, Andreas (ESA) – PLT | |||
| Furukawa, Satoshi (JAXA) – MS | ||||
| Borisov, Konstantin – MS (ROSCOSMOS) |
9.4 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION EXPEDITIONS
The International Space Station photographed by Expedition 56 crew members from a Soyuz spacecraft after undocking. NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel and Ricky Arnold and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev executed a fly around of the orbiting laboratory to take pictures of the station before returning home after spending 197 days in space. The station will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the launch of the first element Zarya in November 2018. Credit: NASA/Roscosmos
NASA/Roscosmos
William Shepherd – Yuri Gidzenko – Sergei Krikalev
Launch: October 2000
Land: March 2001
141 days
Yury Usachev – Jim Voss – Susan Helms
Launch: March 2001
Land: August 2001
167 days
Frank Culbertson – Vladimir Dezhurov – Mikhail Tyurin
Launch: August 2001
Land: December 2001
129 days
Yury Onufrienko – Carl Walz – Daniel Bursch
Launch: December 2001
Land: June 2002
196 days
Valery Korzum – Sergei Treschev – Peggy Whitson
Launch: June 2002
Land: December 2002
185 days
Ken Bowersox – Nikolai Budarin – Donald Pettit
Launch: November 2002
Land: May 2003
161 days
Expedition 7 Up with Expedition 8/Down with Expedition 7
Yuri Malenchenko – Ed Lu Pedro Duque
Launch: April 2003 Launch & Land: October 2003
Land: October 2003 10 days
185 days
Expedition 8 Up with Expedition 9/Down with Expedition 8
Mike Foale – Alexander Kaleri Andre Kuipers
Launch: October 2003 Launch & Land: April 2004
Land: April 2004 11 days
195 days
Expedition 9 Up with Expedition 10/Down with Expedition 9
Gennady Padalka – Michael Fincke Yuri Shargin
Launch: April 2004 Launch & Land: October 2004
Land: October 2004 10 days
188 days
Expedition 10 Up with Expedition 11/Down with Expedition 10
Leroy Chiao – Salizhan Sharipov Roberto Vittori
Launch: October 2004 Launch & Land: April 2005
Land: April 2005 10 days
193 days
Sergei Krikalev – John Phillips
Launch: April 2005
Land: October 2005 (with Greg Olson)
179 days
William McArthur – Valery Tokarev
Launch: October 2005 (with Greg Olson)
Land: April 2006
190 days
Expedition 13 Expedition 13 & Expedition 14
Pavel Vinogradov – Jeffrey Williams Thomas Reiter
Launch: March 2006 Launch: July 2006
Land: September 2006 Land: December 2006
183 days 171 days
Expedition 14 Expedition 14 & Expedition 15
Mike Lopez-Alegria – Mikhail Tyurin Sunita Williams
Launch: September 2006 Launch: December 2006
Land: April 2007 Land: June 2007
215 days 194 days
Expedition 15 Expedition 15 & Expedition 16
Fyodor Yurchikhin – Oleg Kotov Clay Anderson
Launch: April 2007 Launch: June 2007
Land: October 2007 Land: November 2007
196 days 152 days
Peggy Whitson – Yuri Malenchenko Dan Tani
Launch: October 2007 Launch: October 2007
Land: April 2008 Land: February 2008
192 days 120 days
Expedition 16 Expedition 16 & Expedition 17
Leopold Eyharts Garrett Reisman
Launch: February 2008 Launch: March 2008
Land: March 2008 Land: June 2008
48 days 95 days
Expedition 17 Expedition 17 & Expedition 18
Sergey Volkov – Oleg Kononenko Gregory Chamitoff
Launch: April 2008 Launch: May 2008
Land: October 2008 Land: November 2008
199 days 183 days
Expedition 18 Expedition 18 & Expedition 19
Michael Fincke – Yuri Lonchakov Koichi Wakata
Launch: October 2008 Launch: March 2009
Land: April 2009 Land: July 2009
178 days 137 days
Sandy Magnus
Launch: November 2008
Land: March 2009
134 days
Gennady Padalka – Michael Barratt
Launch: March 2009
Land: October 2009
199 days
Roman Romanenko – Frank DeWinne – Robert Thirsk
Launch: May 2009
Land: December 2009
187 days
Tim Kopra
Launch: July 2009
Land: September 2009
58 days
Jeffrey Williams – Maxim Suraev
Launch: September 2009
Land: March 2010
169 days
Nicole Stott
Launch: August 2009
Land: November 2009
91 Days
Oleg Kotov – Soichi Noguchi – Timothy Creamer
Launch: December 2009
Land: June 2010
163 days
Aleksandr Skvortsov – Mikhail Kornienko – Tracy C. Dyson
Launch: April 2010
Land: September 2010
176 days
Douglas Wheelock – Fyodor Yurchikhin – Shannon Walker
Launch: June 2010
Land: November 2010
163 days
Scott Kelly – Aleksandr Kaleri – Oleg Skripochka
Launch: October 2010
Land: March 2011
159 days
Dmitri Kondratyev – Catherine Coleman – Paolo Nespoli
Launch: December 2010
Land: May 2011
159 days
Andrey Borisenko – Aleksandr Samokutyaev – Ronald Garan
Launch: April 2011
Land: September 2011
164 days
Michael Fossum – Sergey Volkov – Satoshi Furukawa
Launch: June 2011
Land: November 2011
167 days
Daniel Burbank – Anton Shkaplerov – Anatoly Ivanishin
Launch: November 2011
Land: April 2012
165 days
Oleg Kononenko – Donald Pettit – Andre Kuipers
Launch: December 2011
Land: July 2012
192 days
Gennadi Padalka – Sergei Revin – Joseph Acaba
Launch: May 2012
Land: September 2012
123 Days
Sunita Williams – Yuri Malenchenko – Aki Hoshide
Launch: July 2012
Land: November 2012
127 Days
Kevin Ford – Oleg Novitsky – Yevgeni Tarelkin
Launch: October 2012
Land: March 2013
144 Days
Chris Hadfield – Roman Romanenko – Tom Marshburn
Launch: December 2012
Land: May 2013
146 Days
Pavel Vinogradov – Aleksander Misurkin – Chris Cassidy
Launch: March 2013
Land: September 2013
166 Days
Fyodor Yurchikhin – Luca Parmitano – Karen Nyberg
Launch: May 2013
Land: November 2013
166 Days
Oleg Kotov – Sergey Ryzansky – Mike Hopkins
Launch: September 2013
Land: March 2014
167 days
Koichi Wakata – Mikhail Tyurin – Rick Mastracchio
Launch: November 2013
Land: May 2014
188 days
Steve Swanson – Aleksandr Skvortsov – Oleg Artemiev
Launch: March 2014
Land: September 2014
169 days
Makin Suraev – Reid Wiseman – Alexander Gerst
Launch: June 2014
Land: November 2014
165 days
Barry Wilmore – Alexander Samokutyaev – Yelena Serova
Launch: September 2014
Land: March 2015
167 days
Anton Shkaplerov – Samantha Cristoforetti – Terry Virts
Launch: November 2014
Land: May 2015
199 days
Gennady Padalka
Launch: March 2015
Land: October 2015
168 days
Expedition 43, Expedition 44, Expedition 45, Expedition 46
Scott Kelly – Mikhail Kornienko
Launch: March 2015
Land: March 2016
340 days
Oleg Kononenko – Kjell Lindgren – Kimiya Yui
Launch: May 2015
Land: March 2016
141 days
Sergey Volkov
Launch: October 2015
Land: March 2016
182 days
Visiting Crew
Andreas Mogensen – Aidyn Aimbetov
Launch: with Volkov, October 2015
Land: with Padalka, October 2015
10 days
Yuri Malenchenko – Tim Kopra – Timothy Peake
Launch: December 2015
Land: June 2016
186 days
Jeff Williams – Alexey Ovchinin – Oleg Skripochka
Launch: March 2016
Land: September 2016
172 days
Anatoly Ivanishin – Kate Rubins – Takuya Onishi
Launch: July 2016
Land: October 2016
115 days
Shane Kimbrough – Sergey Ryzhikov – Andrey Borisenko
Launch: October 2016
Land: April 2017
173 days
Oleg Novistsky – Thomas Pesquet
Launch: November 2016
Land: June 2017
196 days
Expedition 50, Expedition 51 & Expedition 52
Peggy Whitson
Launch: November 2016
Land: September 2017
288 days
Jack Fischer – Fyodor Yurchikhin
Launch: April 2017
Land: September 2017
136 days
Sergey Ryazanskiy – Randy Bresnik – Paolo Nespoli
Launch: July 2017
Land: December 2017
139 days
Alexander Misurkin – Joseph Acaba – Mark Vande Hei
Launch: September 2017
Land: February 2018
168 days
Anton Shkaplerov – Scott Tingle – Norshige Kanai
Launch: December 2017
Land: June 2018
168 days
Oleg Aremyev – Drew Feustel – Ricky Arnold
Launch: March 2018
Land: October 2018
197 days
Alexander Gerst – Serena Auñón-Chancellor – Sergey Prokopyev
Launch: June 2018
Land: December 2018
197 days
Oleg Kononenko – Anne McClain – David St. Jacques
Launch: December 2018
Land: June 2019
204 days
Aleksey Ovchinin – Nick Hague – Christina H. Koch
Launch: March 14, 2019
Land: October 3, 2019
204 days
Andrew Morgan – Luca Parmitano – Aleksandr Skvortsov
Launch: July 20, 2019
Land: February 6, 2020 (Christina H. Koch landed with Expedition 60-61)
202 days
Andrew Morgan – Jessica Meir – Oleg Skripochka
Launch: September. 25, 2019
Land: April 17, 2020
206 days
Christopher Cassidy – Anatoli Ivanishin – Ivan Vagner
Launch: April 9, 2020
Land: October 21, 2020
196 days
Doug Hurley – Bob Behnken
Launch: May 30, 2020
Land: August 2, 2020
65 days
Sergey Ryzhikov – Sergey Kud-Sverchkov – Kathleen Rubins
Launch: October 14, 2020
Land: April 17, 2021
181 days
Michael Hopkins – Victor Glover – Soichi Noguchi – Shannon Walker
Launch: November 16, 2020
Land: May 2, 2021
168 days
Oleg Novitsky
Launch: April 17, 2021
Land: October 17, 2021
Expedition 64, 65, & 66
Pyotr Dubrov – Mark Vande Hei, Oleg Novitskiy
Launch: April 17, 2021
Land: March 30, 2022
355 days
Akihiko Hoshide – Shane Kimbrough – Megan McArthur – Thomas Pesquet
Launch: April 23, 2021
Land: November 9, 2021
199 days
Raja Chari – Thomas Mashburn – Matthias Maurer – Kayla Barron
Launch: November 11, 2021
Land: May 6, 2022
177 days
Expedition 66 & 67
Oleg Artemyev – Denis Matveev – Sergey Korasov
Launch: March 18, 2022
Landing: September 29, 2022
195 days
Kjell Lindgren – Robert Hines – Jessica Watkins – Samantha Cristoforetti
Launch: April 27, 2022
Landing: October 14, 2022
170 days
Expedition 67, 68 & 69
Frank Rubio – Dmitri Petelin – Sergey Prokopyev
Launch: September 21, 2022
Landing: September 27, 2023
371 days
Expedition 68
Nicole Mann – Josh Cassada – Kiochi Wakata – Anna Kikina
Launch: October 5, 2022
Landing: March 11, 2023
157 days
Expedition 69
Stephen Bowen – Warren Hoburg – Sultan Alneyadi – Andrey Fedyaev
Launch: March 2, 2023
Landing: September 4, 2023
186 days
Expedition 70
Jasmin Moghbeli – Andreas Mogensen – Satoshi Furukawa – Konstantin Borisov
Launch: September 26, 2023
Expedition 69 & 70
Loral O’Hara – Oleg Kononeko – Nikolai Chub
Launch: September 15, 2023
9.5 SPACEWALK STATISTICS FOR U.S. ASTRONAUTS
NASA astronaut Drew Feustel is pictured tethered to the International Space Station during a spacewalk on June 14, 2018.
| ASTRONAUT | # OF SPACEWALKS | TIME |
| Michael E. Lopez-Algeria | 10 | 67 hours – 40 minutes |
| Steve G. Bowen | 10 | 65 hours – 57 minutes |
| Andrew J. Feustel | 9 | 61 hours – 48 minutes |
| Robert L. Behnken | 10 | 61 hours – 10 minutes |
| Peggy A. Whitson | 10 | 60 hours – 21 minutes |