1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS
2.0 Biographical Sketches
3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS
4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR
5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES
6.0 NASA ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES
7.0 ASTRONAUTS' SCOUTING RECORDS
8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS
9.0 U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG

Preface

(NASA) selected the first group of astronauts in 1959. From 500 candidates having the required jet aircraft flight experience and engineering training, as well as height below 5 feet 11 inches, seven military men became the nation’s first astronauts. The second and third groups chosen included civilians with extensive flying experience. By 1964, requirements changed, and emphasis was placed on academic qualifications; in 1965, six scientist astronauts were selected from a group of 400 applicants who had a doctorate or equivalent experience in the natural sciences, medicine, or engineering. The group named in 1978, NASA Class 8, was the first of the space shuttle flight crews and the first class with women and minority astronauts. In 2013, the astronaut class was
fifty percent women and fifty percent men.

The most recent astronaut candidate group named in December 2021, NASA Class 23, is training for a variety of missions, including performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and departing for missions to the Moon with Artemis. The 2021 astronaut candidate class came from more than 12,000 applications. More information about NASA’s astronauts can be found at www.nasa.gov/astronauts.

Since inception, NASA has selected 360 astronaut candidates: 299 men, 61 women; 212 military, 138 civilians; 191 pilots, 159 non-pilots.

As of Jan. 2023, there are 41 active astronauts, 18 management astronauts, 10 astronaut candidates, and 288 former astronauts or payload specialists, including those who have left NASA, and those who are deceased.

The spaceflights and statistics listed in this publication resulted from the vertical takeoff of an American space vehicle or Soyuz taxi flight to the International Space Station.

Astronauts listed (unless otherwise noted) are individuals who participated in the United States astronaut program. Additionally, the payload specialist is a professional in the physical or life sciences or a technician skilled in specific equipment or experimentation that will fly. Selection of a payload specialist for a mission is made by the payload sponsor or customer. For NASA-sponsored spacecraft or experiments requiring a payload specialist, the specialist is nominated by an investigator working group and approved by NASA. Payload specialists for major non-NASA payloads or experiments are selected by the sponsoring organization. Payload specialists do not have to be U.S. citizens. However, they must meet strict NASA health and physical fitness standards. These individuals are included in the “Biographical Sketches.”

NASA selects astronauts from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds. From the thousands of applications received, only a few are chosen for the intensive astronaut candidate training program. For more information on astronaut selection, please check online at www.nasa.gov/astronauts for the latest information.

Astronaut biographies can be found online at: https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts.

11:50 UTC. Confirmation that the rover successfully landed on Mars was received on 18 February 2021, at 20:55 UTC. As of 31 August 2021, Perseverance has been active on Mars for 189 sols (194 Earth days) since its landing. Following the rover’s arrival, NASA named the landing site Octavia E. Butler Landing.

Table of Contents

1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS

NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Hammock Koch, and CSA astronaut Jeremy Hansen were announced Monday, April 3 as the four astronauts who will venture around the Moon on Artemis II, the first crewed mission on NASA’s path to establishing a long-term presence at the Moon for science and exploration through Artemis. The crew assignments are as follows: Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover, Mission Specialist 1 Christina Koch, Mission Specialist 2 Jeremy Hansen. PHOTOGRAPHER: Josh Valcarcel

Astronaut	Entry Year	Group	# of flights	STATUS
Acaba, Joseph M.	2004	19	3	Management
Acton, Loren W.	1978	8	1	Former
Adamson, James C.	1984	10	2	Former
Akers, Thomas D.	1987	12	4	Former
Aldrin, Buzz	1963	3	2	Former
Allen, Andrew M.	1987	12	3	Former
Allen, Joseph P.	1967	6	2	Former
Altman, Scott D.	1995	15	4	Former
Anders, William A.	1963	3	1	Former
Anderson, Clayton C.	1998	17	2	Former
Anderson, Michael P.	1995	15	2	Deceased
Antonelli, Dominic A.	2000	18	2	Former
Apt, Jerome, III	1985	11	4	Former
Archambault, Lee J.	1998	17	2	Former
Armstrong, Neil A.	1962	2	2	Deceased
Arnold, Richard R., II	2004	19	2	Management
Ashby, Jeffrey S.	1995	15	3	Former
Auñón-Chancellor, Serena M.	2009	20	1	Management
Ayers, Nichole	2021	23	0	Candidate
Bagian, James P.	1980	9	2	Former
Baker, Ellen S.	1984	10	3	Former
Baker, Michael A.	1985	11	4	Former
Barratt, Michael R.	2000	18	2	Active
Barron, Kayla	2017	22	1	Active
Bartoe, John-David F.	1985	11	1	Former
Barry, Daniel T.	1992	14	3	Former
Bassett, Charles A., II	1963	3	0	Deceased
Bean, Alan L.	1963	3	2	Deceased
Behnken, Robert L.	2000	18	3	Former
Berríos, Marcos G.	2021	23	0	Candidate
Birch, M. Christina	2021	23	0	Candidate
Blaha, John E.	1980	9	5	Former
Bloomfield, Michael J.	1995	15	3	Former
Bluford, Guion S., Jr.	1978	8	4	Former
Bobko, Karol J.	1969	7	3	Deceased
Boe, Eric A.	2000	18	2	Active
Bolden, Charles F., Jr.	1080	9	4	Former
Borman, Frank	1962	2	2	Former
Bowen, Stephen G.	2000	18	4	Active
Bowersox, Kenneth D.	1987	12	5	Management
Brady, Charles E., Jr.	1992	14	1	Deceased
Brand, Vance D.	1966	5	4	Former
Brandenstein, Daniel C.	1978	8	4	Former
Bresnik, Randolph J.	2004	19	2	Active
Bridges, Roy D., Jr.	1980	9	1	Former
Brown, Curtis L., Jr.	1987	12	6	Former
Brown, David M.	1996	16	1	Deceased
Brown, Mark N.	1984	10	2	Former
Buchli, James F.	1978	8	4	Former
Burnham, Deniz M.	2021	23	0	Candidate
Bull, John S.	1966	5	0	Deceased
Burbank, Daniel C.	1996	16	3	Former
Bursch, Daniel W.	1990	13	4	Former
Cabana, Robert D.	1985	11	4	Management
Cagle, Yvonne D.	1996	16	0	Management
Caldeiro, Fernando	1996	16	0	Deceased
Camarda, Charles J.	1996	16	1	Former
Cameron, Kenneth D.	1984	10	3	Former
Cardman, Zena	2017	22	0	Active
Carey, Duane G.	1996	16	1	Former
Carpenter, M. Scott	1959	1	1	Deceased
Carr, Gerald P.	1966	5	1	Deceased
Carter, Manley Lanier, Jr.	1984	10	1	Deceased
Casper, John H.	1984	10	4	Former
Cassada, Josh A.	2013	21	1	Active
Cassidy, Christopher J.	2004	19	3	Former
Cernan, Eugene A.	1963	3	3	Deceased
Chaffee, Roger B.	1963	3	0	Deceased
Chamitoff, Gregory E.	1998	17	2	Former
Chang-Diaz, Franklin R.	1980	9	7	Former
Chapman, Philip K.	1967	6	0	Deceased
Chari, Raja	2017	22	1	Active
Chawla, Kalpana	1995	15	2	Deceased
Chiao, Leroy	1990	13	4	Former
Chilton, Kevin P.	1987	12	3	Former
Clark, Laurel B.	1996	16	1	Deceased
Cleave, Mary L.	1980	9	2	Former
Clifford, Michael R.	1990	13	3	Deceased
Coats, Michael L.	1978	8	3	Former
Cockrell, Kenneth D.	1990	13	5	Former
Coleman, Catherine G.	1992	14	3	Former
Collins, Eileen M.	1990	13	4	Former
Collins, Michael	1963	3	2	Deceased
Conrad, Charles, Jr.	1962	2	4	Deceased
Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr.	1959	1	2	Deceased
Covey, Richard O.	1978	8	4	Former
Creamer, Timothy J.	1998	17	1	Management
Creighton, John O.	1978	8	3	Former
Crippen, Robert L.	1969	7	4	Former
Culbertson, Frank L., Jr.	1984	10	3	Former
Cunningham, Walter	1963	3	1	Deceased
Curbeam, Robert L., Jr.	1995	15	3	Former
Currie-Gregg, Nancy J.	1990	13	4	Former
Davis, N. Jan	1987	12	3	Former
Delaney, Luke	2021	23	0	Candidate
Dominick, Matthew	2017	22	0	Active
Douglas, Andre	2021	23	0	Candidate
Drew, Alvin B., Jr.	2000	18	2	Management
Duffy, Brian	1985	11	4	Former
Duke, Charles M., Jr.	1966	5	1	Former
Dunbar, Bonnie J.	1980	9	5	Former
Dutton, James P., Jr.	2004	19	1	Former
Dyson, Tracy C.	1998	17	2	Active
Edwards, Joe F., Jr.	1995	15	1	Former
Eisele, Donn F.	1963	3	1	Deceased
England, Anthony W.	1967	6	1	Former
Engle, Joe H.	1966	5	2	Former
Epps, Jeanette J.	2009	20	0	Active
Evans, Ronald E., Jr.	1966	5	1	Deceased
Fabian, John M.	1978	8	2	Former
Ferguson, Christopher J.	1998	17	3	Former
Feustel, Andrew J.	2000	18	3	Former
Fincke, E. Michael	1996	16	3	Active
Fischer, Jack D.	2009	20	1	Former
Fisher, Anna L.	1978	8	1	Former
Fisher, William F.	1980	9	1	Former
Foale, C. Michael	1987	12	6	Former
Ford, Kevin A.	2000	18	2	Former
Foreman, Michael J.	1998	17	2	Former
Forrester, Patrick G.	1996	16	3	Management
Fossum, Michael E.	1998	17	3	Former
Freeman, Theodore C.	1963	3	0	Deceased
Frick, Stephen N.	1996	16	2	Former
Fullerton, Charles G.	1969	7	2	Deceased
Garan, Ronald J., Jr.	2000	18	2	Former
Gardner, Dale A.	1978	8	2	Deceased
Gardner, Guy S.	1980	9	2	Former
Garriott, Owen K.	1965	4	2	Deceased
Gemar, Charles D.	1985	11	3	Former
Gernhardt, Michael L.	1992	14	4	Former
Gibson, Edward G.	1965	4	1	Former
Gibson, Robert L.	1978	8	5	Former
Givens, Edward G., Jr.	1966	5	0	Deceased
Glenn, John H., Jr.	1959	1	2	Deceased
Glover, Victor J.	2013	21	1	Active
Godwin, Linda M.	1985	11	4	Former
Good, Michael T.	2000	18	2	Former
Gordon, Richard F., Jr.	1963	3	2	Deceased
Gorie, Dominic L.	1995	15	4	Former
Grabe, Ronald J.	1980	9	4	Former
Graveline, Duane E.	1965	4	0	Deceased
Gregory, Frederick D.	1978	8	3	Former
Gregory, William G.	1990	13	1	Former
Griggs, S. David	1978	8	1	Decased
Grissom, Virgil I.	1959	1	2	Deceased
Grunsfeld, John M.	1992	14	5	Former
Gutierrez, Sidney M.	1984	10	2	Former
Hague, Tyler N.	2013	21	1	Active
Haise, Fred W., Jr.	1966	5	1	Former
Halsell, James D., Jr.	1990	13	5	Former
Ham, Kenneth T.	1998	17	2	Former
Hammond, L. Blaine, Jr.	1984	10	2	Former
Harbaugh, Gregory J.	1987	12	4	Former
Harris, Bernard A., Jr.	1990	13	2	Former
Hart, Terry J.	1978	8	1	Former
Hartsfield, Henry W., Jr.	1969	7	3	Deceased
Hathaway, Jack	2021	23	0	Candidate
Hauck, Frederick H.	1978	8	3	Former
Hawley, Steven A.	1978	8	5	Former
Helms, Susan J.	1990	13	5	Former
Henize, Karl G.	1967	6	1	Deceased
Henricks, Terence T.	1985	11	4	Former
Hernandez, Jose M.	2004	19	1	Former
Herrington, John B.	1996	16	1	Former
Hieb, Richard J.	1985	11	3	Former
Higginbotham, Joan E.	1996	16	1	Former
Hilmers, David C.	1980	9	4	Former
Hines, Robert T.	2017	22	1	Active
Hire, Kathryn P.	1995	15	2	Former
Hobaugh, Charles O.	1996	16	3	Former
Hoburg, Warren	2017	22	1	Active
Hoffman, Jeffrey A.	1978	8	5	Former
Holmquest, Donald L.	1967	6	0	Former
Hopkins, Michael S.	2009	20	2	Former
Horowitz, Scott J.	1992	14	4	Former
Hurley, Douglas G.	2000	18	3	Former
Husband, Rick D.	1995	15	2	Deceased
Irwin, James B.	1966	5	1	Deceased
Ivins, Marsha S.	1984	10	5	Former
Jemison, Mae C.	1987	12	1	Former
Jernigan, Tamara E.	1985	11	5	Former
Jett, Brent W.	1992	14	4	Former
Johnson, Gregory C.	1998	17	1	Former
Johnson, Gregory H.	1998	17	2	Former
Jones, Thomas D.	1990	13	4	Former
Kavandi, Janet L.	1995	15	3	Former
Kelly, James M.	1996	16	2	Management
Kelly, Mark E.	1996	16	4	Former
Kelly, Scott J.	1996	16	3	Former
Kerwin, Joseph P.	1965	4	1	Former
Kilrain (Still), Susan L.	1995	15	2	Former
Kim, Jonny	2017	22	0	Active
Kimbrough, Robert Shane	2004	19	3	Former
Koch, Christina Hammock	2013	21	1	Active
Kopra, Timothy L.	2000	18	1	Former
Kregel, Kevin R.	1992	14	4	Former
Lawrence, Wendy B.	1992	14	4	Former
Lee, Mark C.	1984	10	4	Former
Leestma, David C.	1980	9	3	Former
Lenoir, William B.	1967	6	1	Deceased
Lind, Don L.	1966	5	1	Deceased
Lindgren, Kjell N.	2009	20	2	Active
Lindsey, Steven W.	1995	15	5	Former
Linenger, Jerry M.	1992	14	2	Former
Linnehan, Richard M.	1992	14	4	Management
Llewellyn, John A.	1967	6	0	Deceased
Lockhart, Paul S.	1996	16	2	Former
Lopez-Alegria, Michael E.	1992	14	3	Former
Loria, Christopher J.	1996	16	0	Former
Lounge, J. Mike	1980	9	3	Deceased
Lousma, Jack R.	1966	5	2	Former
Love, Stanley G.	1998	17	1	Management
Lovell, James A., Jr.	1962	2	4	Former
Low, G. David	1984	10	3	Deceased
Lu, Edward T.	1995	15	3	Former
Lucid, Shannon W.	1978	8	5	Former
Magnus, Sandra H.	1996	16	3	Former
Mann, Nicole Aunapu	2013	21	1	Active
Marshburn, Thomas H.	2004	19	3	Former
Massimino, Michael J.	1996	16	2	Former
Mastracchio, Richard A.	1996	16	3	Former
Mattingly, Thomas K., II	1966	5	3	Former
McArthur, K. Megan	2000	18	2	Active
McArthur, William S., Jr.	1990	3	4	Former
McBride, Jon A.	1978	8	1	Former
McCandless, Bruce, II	1966	5	2	Deceased
McClain, Anne C.	2013	21	1	Active
McCool, William C.	1996	16	1	Deceased
McCulley, Michael J.	1984	10	1	Former
McDivitt, James A.	1984	2	2	Deceased
McMonagle, Donald R.	1987	12	3	Former
McNair, Ronald E.	1978	8	1	Deceased
Meade, Carl J.	1985	11	3	Former
Meir, Jessica U.	2013	21	1	Active
Melnick, Bruce E.	1987	12	2	Former
Melroy, Pamela A.	1995	15	3	Management
Melvin, Leland D.	1998	17	2	Former
Menon, Anil S.	2021	23	0	Candidate
Metcalf-Lindenburger, Dorothy	2004	19	1	Former

Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-115 mission specialist, waves toward the digital still camera of his spacewalk colleague, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper as the two share extravehicular activity (EVA) duties during the first of three scheduled spacewalks. The STS-115 astronauts and the Expedition 13 crewmembers are joining efforts this week to resume construction of the International Space Station.

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2.0 Biographical Sketches

2.1 Active U.S. Astronauts

NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Jessica Watkins, and Bob Hines are pictured looking out the SpaceX Dragon Freedom spacecraft’s windows.

***There are 38 active NASA astronauts as of Oct. 2023***

BARRATT, Michael R., M.D.
- Born April 16, 1959, in Vancouver, Wash.; hometown: Camas, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in Zoology from University of Washington
- Doctor of Medicine from Northwestern University
- Master of Science in Aerospace Medicine from Wright State University
- Expedition 19/20 on Soyuz in 2009
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 5 hours, 6 minutes
- Total time in space: 212 days
BARRON, Kayla J., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
- Born Sept. 19, 1987, in Pocatello, Idaho; hometown: Richland, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in Systems Engineering from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from University of Cambridge
- Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022
- 2 spacewalks: 13 hours, 26 minutes
- Total time in space: 177 days
BOE, Eric A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Oct. 1, 1964, in Miami, Fla.; hometown: Atlanta, Ga.
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology
- STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- Total time in space: 28 days
BOWEN, Stephen G., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Feb. 13, 1964, in Cohasset, Mass.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in Ocean Engineering from MIT
- STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- 7 spacewalks for a total time of 47 hours, 18 minutes
- Total time in space: 40 days
BRESNIK, Randolph J., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps
- Born Sept.11, 1967, in Fort Knox, Ky.; hometown: Santa Monica, Calif.
- Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from The Citadel
- Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville
- Graduate of Air War College
- STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- Expedition 52/53 on Soyuz in 2017
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours
- Total time in space: 149 days
CARDMAN, Zena M.
- Born Oct. 26, 1987, in Urbana, Ill.; hometown: Williamsburg, Va.
- Bachelor of Science in Biology from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Master of Science in Marine Sciences from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Total time in space: 0
CASSADA, Josh A., Ph.D., Captain (Sel), U.S. Navy
- Born July 18, 1973, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: White Bear Lake, Minn.
- Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Albion College
- Master of Arts in Physics with specialty in high particle physics from University of Rochester
- Total time in space: 0
CHARI, Raja J.V., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born June 24, 1977, in Milwaukee, Wis.; hometown: Cedar Falls, Iowa
- Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from MIT
- Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022
- 2 spacewalks for a total of 13 hours and 8 minutes
- Total time in space: 177 days
DOMINICK, Matthew S., Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born Dec. 7, 1981, in Wheat Ridge, Colo.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from University of San Diego
- Master of Systems Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School
- Total time in space: 0
DYSON, Tracy C., Ph.D.
- Born Aug. 14, 1969, in Arcadia, Calif.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in chemistry from California State University-Fullerton
- Doctor of Philosophy in physical chemistry from the University of California-Davis
- STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007
- Expedition 23/24 on Soyuz in 2010
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 49 minutes
- Total time in space: 188 days
EPPS, Jeanette J., Ph.D.
- Born Nov. 3, 1970, in Syracuse, N.Y.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Physics from LeMoyne College
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from University of Maryland
- Total time in space: 0
FINCKE, Edward M. “Mike,” Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born March 14, 1967, in Pittsburgh, Pa; hometown: Emsworth, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT
- Bachelor of Science in Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences from MIT
- Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University
- Master of Science in Physical Sciences (Planetary Geology) from University of Houston-Clear Lake
- Expedition 9 on Soyuz in 2004
- Expedition 18 on Soyuz in 2008
- STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011
- 9 spacewalks for a total time of 48 hours, 36 minutes
- Total time in space: 381 days
GLOVER, Victor J., Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born April 30, 1976, in Pomona, Calif.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in General Engineering from California Polytechnic State University
- Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from Air University
- Master of Science in Systems Engineering from Naval Post Graduate School
- Master of Military Operational Art and Science from Air University
- Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020-2021
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 7 minutes
- Total time in space: 167 days
HAGUE, Tyler N. “Nick”, Colonel, U.S. Space Force
- Born Sept. 24, 1975, in Belleville, Kan.; hometown: Hoxie, Kan.
- Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Expedition 59/60 on Soyuz in 2019
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 56 minutes
- Total time in space: 202 days
HINES, Robert “Bob” T., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Jan. 11, 1975, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: Harrisburg, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Boston University
- Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama
- Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022
- Total time in space: Mission ongoing
HOBURG, Warren “Woody” W., Ph.D.
- Born Sept. 16, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in aeronautics and stronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Doctorate in electrical engineering and computer science from University of California, Berkeley
- Crew-6 and Expedition 69 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2023
- 2 spacewalks for a total of 11 hours and 38 minutes
- Total time in space: 186 days
KIM, Jonny Y., M.D., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
- Born Feb. 5, 1984, in Los Angeles; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of San Diego
- Doctor of Medicine from Harvard Medical School
- Total time in space: 0
KIM, Jonny Y., M.D., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
- Born Feb. 5, 1984, in Los Angeles; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of San Diego
- Doctor of Medicine from Harvard Medical School
- Total time in space: 0

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2.2 U.S. Management Astronauts

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, left, NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, and NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana, right, pose for a group photograph, Monday, Feb. 28, 2022, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

ACABA, Joseph M.
- Educator astronaut
- Born May 17, 1967, in Inglewood, Calif.; hometown: Anaheim, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in geology from the University of California-Santa Barbara
- Master of Science in geology from University of Arizona
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- Expedition 31/32 on Soyuz in 2012
- Expeditions 53/54 on Soyuz in 2018
- 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 46 minutes
- Total time in space: 306 days
ARNOLD, Richard R., II
- Educator astronaut
- Born Nov. 26, 1963, in Cheverly, Md.; hometown: Bowie, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Frostburg State University
- Master of Science in Marine, Estuarine and Environmental Science from University of Maryland
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- Expedition 55/56 on Soyuz in 2018
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 4 minutes
- Total time in space: 209 days
AUÑÓN-CHANCELLOR, Serena M., M.D.
- Born April 9, 1976, in Indianapolis, Ind.; hometown: Fort Collins, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Texas – Health Science Center in Houston
- Expedition 56/57 on Soyuz in 2018
- Total time in space: 197 days
BOWERSOX, Kenneth D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Nov. 14, 1956, in Portsmouth, Va.; hometown: Bedford, Ind.
- Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University
- STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995
- STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
- Expedition 6: STS-113 Endeavour (up) in 2002 and Soyuz (down) in 2003
- 2 spacewalks with total time of 13 hours, 17 minutes
- Total time in space: 211 days
CABANA, Robert D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Jan. 23, 1949, in Minneapolis, Minn.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy
- STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992
- STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- Total time in space: 37 days, 22 hours, 42 minutes
CAGLE, Yvonne D., M.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born April 24, 1959, in West Point, N.Y.; hometown: Novato, Calif.
- Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry from San Francisco State University
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Washington
- Certified senior aviation medical examiner from FAA
- Total time in space: 0
CREAMER, Timothy J. “T.J.”, Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Nov. 15, 1959, in Fort Huachuca, Ariz.; hometown: Upper Marlboro, Md.
- Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Loyola College
- Master of Science in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Expedition 22/23 on Soyuz in 2010
- Total time in space: 163 days
DREW, B. Alvin, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Nov. 5, 1962, in Washington, D.C.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering and Physics from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Aerospace Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
- Master of Strategic Studies in Political Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007
- STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 48 minutes
- Total time in space: 25 days
FORRESTER, Patrick G., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born March 31, 1957, in El Paso, Texas; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Applied Sciences and Engineering from U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from University of Virginia
- STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
- STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 30 minutes
- Total time in space: 39 days
KELLY, James “Jim” M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born May 14, 1964, in Burlington, Iowa; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama
- STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005
- Total time in space: 26 days
LINNEHAN, Richard M., B.S., D.V.M., MPA
- Born Sept. 19, 1957, in Lowell Mass.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Animal Sciences (minor in microbiology) from University of New Hampshire
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine
- Master of Public Administration from The Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
- STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998
- STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
- STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 42 hours, 12 minutes
- Total time in space: 59 days
LOVE, Stanley G., Ph.D.
- Born June 8, 1965, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: Eugene, Ore.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics from Harvey Mudd College
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from University of Washington
- STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 23 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days
MELROY, Pamela A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Sept 17, 1961, in Palo Alto, Calif.; hometown Rochester, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics & Astronomy from Wellesley College
- Master of Science in Earth and Planetary Sciences from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000
- STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007
- Total time in space: 38 days
MORIN, Lee M., M.D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Sept. 9, 1952, in Manchester, N.H.; hometown: same
- Bachelor of Science in Mathematical/Electrical Science from the University of New Hampshire
- Master of Science in Biochemistry from New York University
- Doctor of Medicine from New York University
- Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology from New York University
- Master of Public Health from the University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Master of Physics from University of Houston-Clear Lake
- STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 14 hours, 7 minutes
- Total time in space: 10 days
WILLIAMS, Jeffrey “Jeff” N., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
- Born Jan. 18, 1958, in Superior, Wis.; hometown: Winter, Wis.
- Bachelor of Science in Applied Science and Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School
- Master of Arts in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College
- STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- Expedition 13 on Soyuz in 2006
- Expeditions 21/22 on Soyuz in 2009
- Expeditions 47/48 on Soyuz in 2016
- 5 spacewalks for a total time of 31 hours, 55 minutes
- Total time in space: 534 days

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2.3 NASA Astronaut Candidates

NASA 2021 Astronaut Candidate Announcement at Ellington Field. Photo Date: December 6, 2021. Location: Ellington Field – Hangar 135. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

AYERS, V. Nichole, Major, U.S. Air Force
- Born ,1989, in San Diego, Cal.; hometown: Divide, Colorado
- Bachelor of Science in Mathematics with a minor in Russian from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Computational and Applied Mathematics from Rice University
BERRIOS, G. Marcos, Ph.D., Major, U.S. Air Force
- Born, 1984 Fort Campbell, TN.; hometown: Guaynabo, Puerto Rico
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering
- Doctorate in Aeronautics from Stanford University
- U.S. Naval Test Pilot School
BIRCH, M. Christina, Ph.D.
- Born Nov.17, 1986, in Mesa, Ariz.; hometown: Gilbert, Arizona
- Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of Arizona
- Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics with a minor in Spanish from University of Arizona
- Doctorate in Biological Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
BURNHAM, M. Deniz, Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
- Born in 1985 at Incirlik Air Base in Turkey; home: Wasilla, Alaska
- Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from University of California
- Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of Southern California
DELANEY, Luke, Major, U.S. Marine Corps, (retired)
- Born in 1979 Miami FL.; hometown: DeBary, Florida
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of North Florida
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Naval Postgraduate School
DOUGLAS, Andre, Ph.D.
- Born 1986 in Miami FL.; hometown: Chesapeake, Virginia
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from U.S. Coast Guard Academy
- Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from University of Michigan
- Master of Science in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from University of Michigan
- Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering from John Hopkins University
- Doctorate in Systems Engineering from George Washington University
HATHAWAY, Jack, Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born 1982 in South Windsor, Connecticut
- Bachelor of Science in Physics and History from U.S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in Flight Dynamics from Cranfield University
- Master of Science in National Security and Strategic Studies from U.S. Naval War College
- Empire Test Pilot School
MENON, S. Anil, M.D., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Oct. 15, 1976 in Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Bachelor of Science in Neurobiology from Harvard University
- Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University
- Doctor of Medicine, Stanford Medical School
- Residency of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University
- Fellowship in Wilderness Medicine, Stanford University
- Residency in Aerospace Medicine from University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
- Master of Science in Public Health from University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
WILLIAMS, L. Christopher, Ph.D.
- Born 1983 in New York City, NY.; hometown: Potomac, Maryland
- Bachelor of Science in Physics from Stanford University
- Doctorate in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Residency Training at Harvard Medical Residency Program
WITTNER, A. Jessica, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy Born
- 1983 Fresno, CA.; hometown: Clovis, California
- Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Arizona
- U.S. Naval Test Pilot School
- Master of science in Aerospace Engineering from U.S. Naval Post Graduate School Naval Command and staff graduate from U.S. Naval War College

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2.4 FORMER ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS

AS16-113-18339 (21 April 1972) — Astronaut John W. Young, commander of the Apollo 16 lunar landing mission, leaps from the lunar surface as he salutes the United States flag at the Descartes landing site during the first Apollo 16 extravehicular activity (EVA). Astronaut Charles M. Duke Jr., lunar module pilot, took this picture. The Lunar Module (LM) “Orion” is on the left. The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is parked beside the LM. The object behind Young (in the shade of the LM) is the Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph (FUC/S). Stone Mountain dominates the background in this lunar scene. While astronauts Young and Duke descended in the LM to explore the Descartes highlands landing site on the moon, astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) “Casper” in lunar orbit.

ACTON, Loren W., Ph.D.
- Payload specialist
- Born March 7, 1936, in Lewiston, Mont.
- Bachelor of Science from Montana State University
- Doctorate from the University of Colorado
- STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 7 days
ADAMSON, James C., Colonel, U. S. Army (retired)
- Born March 3, 1946, in Warsaw, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University
- Graduate of the Navy Test Pilot School
- STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989
- STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- Total time in space: 13 days
AKERS, Thomas D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born May 20, 1951, in St. Louis, Mo.; hometown: Eminence, Mo.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Applied Mathematics from the Missouri University of Science and Technology
- STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
- STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
- STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 29 hours, 40 minutes
- Total time in space: 33 days
ALDRIN, Buzz, Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born January 20, 1930, in Montclair, N.J.
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
- Doctor of Science in Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Gemini 12 in 1966
- Apollo 11 in 1969
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 4 hours, 41 minutes
- Total time in space: 12 days
ALLEN, Andrew M., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
- Born Aug. 4, 1955, in Philadelphia, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Villanova University
- Master’s in Business Administration from the University of Florida
- STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
- STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
- STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
- Total time in space: 37 days
ALLEN, Joseph P., Ph.D.
- Born June 27, 1937, in Crawfordsville, Ind.
- Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and Physics from DePauw University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Yale University
- STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982
- STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 42 minutes
- Total time in space: 13 days
ALTMAN, Scott D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Aug. 15, 1959, in Lincoln, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical engineering from the University of Illinois
- Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
- STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998
- STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
- STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
- STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
- Total time in space: 51 days
ANDERS, William A., Major General, U.S. Air Force Reserve (retired)
- Born Oct. 17, 1933, in Hong Kong
- Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the U. S. Naval Academy
- Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology
- Apollo 8 in 1968
- Total time in space: 6 days
ANDERSON, Clayton C.
- Born Feb. 23, 1959, in Omaha, Neb.;
- hometown: Ashland, Neb. Bachelor of Science in Physics from Hastings College
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Iowa State University
- Expedition 15: STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2007
- STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010
- 6 spacewalks for a total time of 38 hours, 28 minutes
- Total time in space: 166 days
ANTONELLI, Dominic A., Commander, U.S. Navy
- Born August 23, 1967, in Detroit, Mich.
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from University of Washington
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010
- Total time in space: 24 days
APT, Jerome, Ph.D.
- Born April 18, 1949, in Springfield, Mass.; hometown: Pittsburgh, Pa.
- Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Harvard College
- Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
- STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
- 2 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 13 minutes
- Total time in space: 35 days
ARCHAMBAULT, Lee J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Aug. 25, 1960, in Oak Park, Ill.; hometown: Bellwood, Ill.
- Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in aeronautical/astronautical engineering from the University of Illinois-Urbana
- STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
- STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
- Total time in space: 26 days
ASHBY, Jeffrey S., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born June 16, 1954, in Dallas, Texas; hometown: Evergreen, Colo.
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Idaho
- Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee
- Graduate of the Naval Test Pilot School
- Graduate of the Naval Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun)
- STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999
- STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001
- STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
- Total time in space: 27 days
BAGIAN, James P., M.D.
- Born Feb. 22, 1952, in Philadelphia, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University
- Doctor of Medicine from Thomas Jefferson University
- STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
- Total time in space: 14 days
BAKER, Ellen S., M.D.
- Born April 27, 1953, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: New York, N.Y.
- Bachelor of Arts in Geology from the State University of New York – Buffalo
- Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University
- Master of Public Health from the University of Texas
- STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
- STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
- Total time in space: 28 days
BAKER, Michael A., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
- Born Oct. 27, 1953, in Memphis, Tenn.; hometown: Lemoore, Calif.
- Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas
- STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
- STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
- STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
- Total time in space: 40 days
BARRY, Daniel T, M.D., Ph.D.
- Born Dec. 30, 1953, in Norwalk, Conn.; hometown: South Hadley, Mass.
- Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University
- Master of Engineering from Princeton University
- Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering/computer science from Princeton University
- Doctor of Medicine from the University of Miami
- STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
- STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
- STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
- 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 49 minutes
- Total time in space: 30 days
BARTOE, John-David F., Ph.D.
- Payload Specialist
- Born Nov. 17, 1944, in Abington, Pa.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics from Lehigh University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy of Physics from Georgetown University
- SS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
- Total time in space: 7 days
BEHNKEN, Robert L., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born July 28, 1970, in Creve Coeur, Mo.; hometown: St. Ann, Mo.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics and Mechanical Engineering from Washington University
- Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from California Institute of Technology
- STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
- STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010
- Demo-2 and Expedition 63 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2020
- 10 spacewalks for a total time of 61 hours, 10 minutes
- Total time in space: 63 days
BLAHA, John E., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
- Born Aug. 26, 1942, in San Antonio, Texas
- Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
- Master of Science in Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University
- STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
- STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
- STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
- Mir: STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) in 1996 and STS-81 on Atlantis (landing) in 1997
- Total time in space: 160 days

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2.5 DECEASED ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS

A close-up view of an astronaut’s boot print in the lunar soil, photographed with a lunar surface camera during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Moon.

NASA

ANDERSON, Michael P., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
- Born Dec. 25, 1959, in Plattsburgh, N.Y.; hometown: Spokane, Wash.
- Bachelor of Science in Physics/Astronomy from University of Washington
- Master of Science in Physics from Creighton University
- STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
- STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003
- Total time in space: 24 days, 18 hours, 8 minutes
- DIED: Feb. 1, 2003
ARMSTRONG, Neil A.
- Born Aug. 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio
- Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University
- Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Southern California
- Gemini 8 in 1966
- Apollo 11 in 1969
- 1 spacewalk for a total time of 2 hours, 32 minutes
- Total time in space: 8 days, 13 hours, 59 minutes
- DIED: Aug. 25, 2012

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3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS

S63-00562 (February 1963) — Portrait of astronaut groups 1 and 2. The original seven Mercury astronauts selected by NASA in April 1959, are seated (left to right): L. Gordon Cooper Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, M. Scott Carpenter, Water M. Schirra Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Alan B. Shepard Jr., and Donald K. Slayton. The second group of NASA astronauts, which were named in September 1962, are standing (left to right): Edward H. White II, James A. McDivitt, John W. Young, Elliot M. See Jr., Charles Conrad Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, Thomas P. Stafford, and James A. Lovell Jr. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

GROUP 1 – Mercury Astronauts, April 1959:

Carpenter/USN, Cooper/USAF, Glenn/USMC, Grissom/USAF, Schirra/USN, A. Shepard/USN, Slayton/USAF Reserves (7)

GROUP 2 – Pilot Astronauts, September 1962:

Armstrong, Borman/USAF, Conrad/USN, Lovell/USN, McDivitt/USAF, See, Stafford/USAF, White/USAF, Young/USN (9)

GROUP 3 – Pilot Astronauts, October 1963:

Aldrin/USAF, Anders/USAF, Bassett/USAF, Bean/USN, Cernan/USN, Chaffee/USN, M. Collins/USAF, Cunningham/USMC Reserves, Eisele/USAF, Freeman/USAF, Gordon/USN, Schweickart/ANG, D. Scott/USAF, C. Williams/USMC (14)

GROUP 4 – Scientist Astronauts, June 1965:

Garriott, E. Gibson, Graveline, Kerwin/USN, Michel, Schmitt (6)

GROUP 5 – Pilot Astronauts, April 1966:

Brand, Bull/USN, Carr/USMC, Duke/USAF, Engle/USAF, Evans/USN, Givens/USAF, Haise, Irwin/USAF, Lind/USNR, Lousma/USMC, Mattingly/USN, McCandless/USN, Mitchell/USN, Pogue/USAF, Roosa/USAF, Swigert, Weitz/USN, Worden/USAF (19)

GROUP 6 – Scientist Astronauts, August 1967:

J. Allen, Chapman, England, Henize, Holmquest, Lenoir, Llewellyn, Musgrave, O’Leary, Parker, W. Thornton (11)

GROUP 7 – Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory Astronauts, August 1969:

Bobko/USAF, Crippen/USN, Fullerton/USAF, Hartsfield/USAF, Overmyer/USMC, Peterson/USAF, Truly/USN (7)

GROUP 8 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1978:

Bluford/USAF, Brandenstein/USN, Buchli/USMC, Coats/USN, Covey/USAF, Creighton/USN, Fabian/USAF, A. Fisher, D. Garner/USN, R. Gibson/USN, F. Gregory/USAF, Griggs/USNR, Hart/ANG, Hauck/USN, Hawley, Hoffman, Lucid, McBride/USN, McNair, Mullane/USAF, Nagel/USAF, Nelson, Onizuka/USAF, Resnik, Ride, Scobee/USAF, Seddon, Shaw/USAF, Shriver/USAF, Stewart/USA, Sullivan, Thagard, van Hoften/UNR, D. Walker/USN, D. Williams/USN (35)

GROUP 9 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1980:

Bagian/USAFR, Blaha/USAF, Bolden/USMC, Bridges/USAF, Chang-Diaz, Cleave, Dunbar, W. Fisher, G. Gardner/USAF, Grabe/USAF, Hilmers/USMC, Leestma/USN, Lounge, O’Connor/USMC, R. Richards/USN, Ross/USAF, M. Smith/USN, Spring/USA, Springer/USMC (19)

GROUP 10 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1984:

Adamson/USA, E. Baker, M. Brown/USAF, Cameron/USMC, Carter/USN, Casper/USAF, Culbertson/USN, Gutierrez/USAF, Hammond/USAF, Ivins, Lee/USAF, Low, McCulley/USN, W. Shepherd/USN, K. Thornton, Veach/ANG, Wetherbee/USN (17)

GROUP 11 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1985:

Apt, M. Baker/USN, Cabana/USMC, Duffy/USAF, Gemar/USA, Godwin, Hendricks/USAF, Hieb, Jernigan, Meade/USAF, Oswald/USNR, Thorne/USN, Thuot/USN (13)

GROUP 12 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, August 1987:

Akers/USAF, A. Allen/USMC, Bowersox/USN, C. Brown/USAF, Chilton/USAF, Davis, Foale, Harbaugh, Jemison, McMonagle/USAF, Melnick/USCG, Readdy/USN, Reightler/USN, Runco/USN, James Voss/USA (15)

GROUP 13 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1990:

Bursch/USN, Chiao, Clifford/USA, Cockrell/USN, E. Collins/USAF, Currie (Sherlock) USA, W. Gregory/USAF, Halsell/USAF, Harris, Helms/USAF, Jones, W. McArthur/USA, Newman, Ochoa, Precourt/USAF, Searfoss/USAF, Sega/USAFR, D. Thomas, Janice Voss, Walz/USAF, Wilcutt/USMC, Wisoff, Wolf/ANG (23)

GROUP 14 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, March 1992:

Barry, Brady/USN, Coleman/USAF, Gernhardt, Grunsfeld, Horowitz/USAF, Jett/USN, Kregel/, Lawrence/USN, Linenger/USN, Linnehan, Lopez-Alegria/USN, Parazynski, Rominger/USN, W. Scott/USN, S. Smith, Tanner, A. Thomas, M. Weber (19)

GROUP 15 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1995:

Altman/USN, M. Anderson/USAF, Ashby/USN, Bloomfield/USAF, Chawla, Curbeam/USN, Edwards/USN, Gorie/USN, Hire/USNR, Husband/USAF, Kavandi, Lindsey/USAF, Lu, Melroy/USAF, Noriega/USMC, Reilly/USNR, S. Robinson, Kilrain (Still)/USN, Sturckow/USMC (19)

GROUP 16 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1996:

D. Brown/USN, Burbank/USCG, Cagle/USAF, Caldeiro, Camarda, Carey/USAF, Clark/USN, Fincke/USAF, Forrester/USA, Frick/USN, Herrington/USN, Higginbotham, Hobaugh/USMC, J. Kelly/USAF, M. Kelly/USN, S. Kelly/USN, Lockhart/USAF, Loria/USMC, Magnus, Massimino, Mastracchio, McCool/USN, Morin/USN, Nowak/USN, Pettit, Phillips/USNR, Polansky, P. Richards, Sellers, Stefanyshyn-Piper/USN, Tani, Walheim/USAF, Whitson, J. Williams/USA, Wilson (35)

GROUP 17 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1998:

C. Anderson, Archambault/USAF, Dyson (Caldwell), Chamitoff, Creamer/USA, Ferguson/USN, Foreman/USN, Fossum/USAFR, Ham/USN, G.C. Johnson/USNR, G.H. Johnson (Box)/USAF, Love, Melvin, B. Morgan, Oefelein/USN, Olivas, Patrick, Poindexter/USN, Reisman, Robertson, Swanson, Wheelock/USA, S. Williams/USN, Woodward/USN, Zamka/USMC (25)

GROUP 18 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, July 2000:

Antonelli/USN, Barratt, Behnken/USAF, Boe/USAF, Bowen/USN, Drew/USAF, Feustel, Ford/USAF, Garan/USAF, Good/USAF, Hurley/USMC, Kopra/USA, M. McArthur, Nyberg, Stott, Virts/USAF, Wilmore/USN (17)

GROUP 19 – Pilots, Mission Specialists & Educator Mission Specialists, May 2004:

Acaba (edu), Arnold (edu), Bresnik/USMC, Cassidy/USN, Dutton/USAF, Hernandez, Kimbrough/USA, Marshburn, Metcalf-Lindenburger (edu), Satcher, S. Walker (11)

GROUP 20 – U. S. Astronauts, July 2009:

Aunon, Epps, Fischer/USAF, Hopkins/USAF, Lindgren, Rubins, Tingle/USN, Vande Hei/USA, Wiseman/USN (9)

GROUP 21 – U.S. Astronauts, June 2013:

Cassada/USN, Glover/USN, Hague/USAF, Koch, Mann/USMC, McClain/USA, Meir, A. Morgan/USA (8)

GROUP 22– U.S. Astronauts, June 2017:

Barron/USN, Cardman, Chari/USAF, Dominick/USN, Hines/USAF, Hoburg, Kim/USN, Moghbeli/USMC, O’Hara, Rubio/USA, Watkins

GROUP 23– U.S. Astronauts, December 2021:

Ayers/USAF, Berrios/USAF, Birch, Burnham/USN, Delaney/USMC, Douglas, Hathaway/USN, Menon/USAF, Williams, Wittner/USN

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4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR

President Carter gives Neil Armstrong the Congressional Space Medal of Honor

Astronaut Neil Armstrong received the first Congressional Space Medal of Honor from President Jimmy Carter, assisted by Captain Robert Peterson. Armstrong, one of six astronauts to be presented the medal during ceremonies held in the Vehicle Assembly Building, was awarded for his performance during the Gemini 8 mission and the Apollo 11 mission.

In honor of NASA’s 20th anniversary, President Jimmy Carter visited NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center on October 1, 1978, and awarded the first Congressional Space Medal of Honor to six former astronauts. Authorized by Congress in 1969, the award recognized “any astronaut who in the performance of his duties has distinguished himself by exceptionally meritorious efforts and contributions to the welfare of the Nation and mankind.” Recipients are recommended by the NASA Administrator and presented by the President of the United States. These astronauts received this special honor:

Neil A. Armstrong, for actions to overcome problems on the Gemini 8 mission and for Apollo 11 when he took his “…giant leap for mankind.”

Frank Borman, who commanded the Gemini 7 and Apollo 8 missions. The latter was the first manned spacecraft to orbit the Moon.

Charles Conrad, Jr., who participated in four space flights of increasing duration, complexity and achievement: Gemini 5, Gemini 11, Apollo 12, and Skylab 2. On the first manned Skylab mission, he commanded the crew that performed repairs to the damaged orbital workshop, thus saving the two-billion-dollar program from potential failure.

John H. Glenn, Jr., who in Mercury 6 was the first American to orbit the Earth. The success of his flight demonstrated the value of the human pilot in space.

Virgil I. Grissom (posthumously), the second American in space, who took part in Mercury and Gemini flights and lost his life during preparations for the first Apollo flight. He flew on Mercury 4 and Gemini 3.

Alan B. Shepard, Jr., who was the first American in space, aboard Mercury 3. He also commanded the Apollo 14 mission.

Roger B. Chaffee (posthumously) was one of the third group of astronauts chosen but lost his life before his first flight during preparations for the first Apollo flight. President William Clinton awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.

Edward H. White (posthumously) piloted Gemini 4 and performed the first U.S. space walk, floating outside the capsule for 21 minutes. President William Clinton awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.

John W. Young, who demonstrated leadership, courage, and technical skill in a space flight career that spanned two decades and five (at that time) space flights pivotal to human progress in space. He flew on Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, and STS-1 prior to receipt of the medal which was presented May 19, 1981, by President Ronald Reagan.

Thomas J. Stafford, who commanded the first flight of the lunar module to the Moon and the American crew that rendezvoused with a Soviet spacecraft in 1975. He was recognized for his past contributions, and for continuing to serve the Nation in charting a future vision for our space program. He flew on Gemini 6 and 9, Apollo 10, and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Vice President Dan Quayle at the direction of President George Bush presented the medal in 1992.

James A. Lovell, who flew on Gemini 7 and 12, and Apollo 8 and 13, was presented the medal on July 26, 1995. In his remarks, President Bill Clinton especially commended Lovell for his performance on Apollo 13, which demonstrated, “the kind of resourcefulness, grit, and grace under pressure that is the province of heroes.”

Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days in space on the U.S. space shuttle and the Russian space station Mir, was presented the medal on December 2, 1996. Noting that the medal is given out sparingly because it honors “extraordinary service to the nation,” President Bill Clinton added that “Dr. Lucid achieved that kind of service for 188 days this year, the longest flight by an American in space, the longest time for any woman of any nation in space, five shuttle missions altogether.”

William Shepherd, who was the first astronaut to command a crew on the International Space Station, received the medal from President George W. Bush on January 15, 2003. Shepherd and the two other members of his crew spent 141 days in space, beginning a new era of international cooperation in space exploration.

Rick D. Husband, Willie C. McCool, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla, Michael P. Anderson, Laurel B. Clark and Ilan Ramon were posthumously presented the medal for their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nations and mankind. President George W. Bush presented the medal to their families on February 3, 2004.

Francis R. Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Judith A. Resnik, Ellison S. Onizuka, Ronald E. McNair, Gregory B. Jarvis and Sharon Christa McAuliffe were posthumously presented the medal for their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nation and mankind. President George W. Bush presented the medal to their families on July 23, 2004.

Robert Crippen was presented the medal for his dedicated service to the country as a military aviator, test pilot, engineer, and astronaut, including his assignment as pilot for the historic STS-1 mission, the first orbital spaceflight of the Space Shuttle program. In the same month as the 25th anniversary of STS-1, the medal was presented by NASA Administrator Michael Griffin in the name of President George W. Bush on April 26, 2006.

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5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES

5.1 ASTRONAUT BIRTHPLACES

Image showing city lights of the United Statees

NASA image acquired April 18 – October 23, 2012 This image of the United States of America at night is a composite assembled from data acquired by the Suomi NPP satellite in April and October 2012.

STATE	ASTRONAUT	STATUS
Alabama (6)	Hartsfield, Henry Hire, Kathryn Jemison, Mae Thornton, Kathryn Voss, James S. Williams, Clifton C.	Deceased Former Former Former Former Deceased
Alaska (1)	Burnham, M. Deniz	Candidate
Arizona (3)	Birch, M. Christina Creamer, T. J. Smith, Steven	Candidate Management Former
Arkansas (2)	Covey, Richard Parazynski, Scott	Former Former
California (30)
Colorado (11)
Connecticut (7)
DC (Washington) (4)
Delaware (1)
Florida (8)
Georgia (5)
Hawaii (2)
Idaho (2)
Illinois (15)
Indiana (11)
Iowa (7)
Kansas (4)
Kentucky (2)
Louisiana (2)
Maine (2)
Maryland (9)
Massachusetts (13)
Michigan (11)
Minnesota (6)
Mississippi (3)
Missouri (6)
Nebraska (1)
New Hampshire (2)
New Mexico (2)
New York (26)
North Carolina (11)
North Dakota (2)
Ohio (20)
Oklahoma (5)
Oregon (3)
Pennsylvania (18)
Rhode Island (1)
South Carolina (5)
South Dakota (2)
Tennessee (6)
Texas (23)
Utah (1)
Vermont (1)
Virginia (11)
Washington (7)
West Virginia (2)
Wisconsin (7)
Puerto Rico (1)	Berrios, G. Marcos	Candidate

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5.2 ASTRONAUT HOMETOWNS

The STS-120 crew members are ready for their return to flight to Houston. From left are Pilot George Zamka, Mission Specialists Paolo Nespoli, Doug Wheelock, Stephanie Wilson and Scott Parazynski, and Commander Pamela Melroy. A welcoming ceremony for the crew is planned at NASA’s Hangar 276 on the south end of Ellington Field in Texas. On the 15-day mission, the STS-120 crew continued the construction of the station with the installation of the Harmony Node 2 module and the relocation of the P6 truss. They landed Nov. 7 at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.

ASTRONAUT	STATUS	HOMETOWN
Acaba, Joseph M.	Management	Anaheim, Calif.
Adamson, James C.	Former	Woodbine, Md.
Akers, Thomas D.	Former	Eminence, Mo.
Aldrin, Buzz	Former	Montclair, N.J.

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5.3 ASTRONAUT COLLEGES

View taken of Astronaut Drew Feustel receiving an honorary Doctorate degree from the University of Purdue. Feustel, along with Purdue Alumnus Scott Tingle, will also participate in Purdue’s commencement ceremony, sharing words with the recent graduates.

ALABAMA

Auburn University (6)
- Former: J. Davis, T. Mattingly, K. Thornton, J.S. Voss
- Deceased: H. Hartsfield, C. Williams
Troy State (4)
- Former: K. Ford, W. Gregory, J. Halsell, K. Kregel
University of Alabama (2)
- Active: R.T. Hines
- Management: J. Kelly
University of Alabama-Huntsville (1)
- Former: J. Davis
University of Alabama-Birmingham (1)
- Management: L. Morin
Air University (1)
- Active: V. Glover
Air War College (1)
- Active: Randy Bresnik

ARIZONA

University of Arizona (7)
- Active: J. Acaba, D. Pettit
- Former: T. Jones, S. Spring
- Deceased: F. Caldeiro, D. Scobee
- Candidate: C. Birch, J. Wittner

CALIFORNIA

Naval Postgraduate School (37)
- Active: M. Dominick, V. Glover, J. Moghbeli,
- Former: S. Altman, D. Bursch, M. Coats, R. Curbeam, C. Ferguson, M. Foreman, S.
  Frick, K. Ham, J. Herrington, D. Hilmers, B. Jett, M. Kelly, D. Leestma, M. LopezAlgeria, J. Lousma, J. McBride, C. Noriega, L. Nowak, K. Reightler, K. Rominger,
  W. Scott, R. Springer, J. Williams
- Deceased: G. Carr, E. Cernan, R. Evans, W. McCool, E. Mitchell, R. Overmyer, A.
  Poindexter, M. Smith, P. Weitz
- Candidate: L. Delaney, J. Wittner
Stanford University (26)
- Active: M. Fincke, M. Hopkins, N. Mann, K. Rubins, M. Vande Hei, J. Watkins
- Former: E. Collins, W. Fisher, S. Helms, M. Jemison, T. Jernigan, E. Lu, B. Morgan,
  E. Ochoa, S. Parazynski, S. Robinson, S. Smith, J. Wisoff
- Deceased: J. Bull, O. Garriott, D. Low, B. McCandless, S. Ride
- Candidate: M. Berrios, A. Menon, C. Williams
Stanford Medical School (1)
- Candidate: A. Menon
California Institute of Technology (11)
- Former: F. Borman, G. Chamitoff, E. Gibson, C. Meade, R. Parker, G. Reisman, H.
  Schmitt, R. Behnken
  Deceased: C.G. Fullerton, C. Michel, R. Searfoss
University of Southern California (11)
- Former: C. Bolden, N. Currie, B. Duffy, J. Linenger, C. Noriega, K.
  Reightler, P. Thuot
  Deceased: N. Armstrong, G. Carr, K. Bobko
  Candidate: D. Burnham
University of California-Berkeley (9)
- Active: W. Hoburg
  Former: L. Chiao, T. Jernigan, M. Seddon, J. van Hoften, R. Walheim, M.
  Weber
  Deceased: B. O’Leary, D. Lind
University of California-Los Angeles (9)
- Active: M. McArthur, J. Watkins
- Former: V. Brand, A. Fisher, S. Musgrave, J. Phillips
- Deceased: E. See, W. Cunningham
- Candidate: D. Burnham
California Polytechnic (4)
- Active: V. Glover
- Former: G. Chamitoff, R. Gibson, R. Sturckow
California State-Fresno (3)
- Former: D. McMonagle
- Deceased: R. Husband, S. Nagel
California State University-Fullerton (1)
- Active: T.C. Dyson
California State University-Northridge (1)
- Former: S. Horowitz
University of California-Santa Barbara (3)
- Management: J. Acaba
  Former: L. Chiao, J. Hernandez
Golden Gate (2)
- Former: T. Henricks, C. Precourt
Harvey Mudd (2)
- Management: S. Love
- Former: G. Nelson
University of California-Davis (2)
- Active: T.C. Dyson
- Former: S. Robinson
University of California-San Diego (3)
- Active: M. McArthur, K. Rubins
- Candidate: D. Burnham
University of California-Santa Cruz (2)
- Former: S. Hawley, K. Sullivan
University of San Diego
- Active: M. Dominick, J. Kim
San Diego State (1)
- Former: E. Ochoa
San Francisco State (1)
- Management: Y. Cagle
University of Pacific (1)
- Former: J. Hernandez
Air University (1)
- Active: V. Glover
Scripps Institution of Oceanography (1)
- Active: J. Meir

COLORADO

United States Air Force Academy (38)
- Active: E. Boe, R. Chari, T. Hague, K. Lindgren
- Management: B.A. Drew, J. Kelly
- Former: J. Blaha, M. Bloomfield, R. Bridges, C. Brown, J. Casper, K.
  Chilton, R. Covey, B. Duffy, J. Dutton, J. Fischer, G. Gardner, R. Grabe, F. Gregory,
  W. Gregory, S. Gutierrez, J. Halsell, B. Hammond, S. Helms, T. Hendricks, G.H.
  Johnson, T. Jones, K. Kregel, M. Lee, S. Lindsey, D. McMonagle, C. Precourt, R.
  Sega, L. Shriver, T. Virts
- Deceased: R. Searfoss, C. Veach, K. Bobko
- Candidate: N. Ayers
University of Colorado (14)
- Active: K. Lindgren
- Former: V. Brand, J. Herrington, R. Hieb, M. Ivins, R. Sega, S. Swanson, J.S. Voss
- Deceased: S. Carpenter, K. Chawla, M. Lounge, E. Onizuka, S. Roosa, J. Swigert
Colorado State (4)
- Active: K. Lindgren
- Former: M. Cleave, K. Rominger, J. van Hoften

CONNECTICUT

Coast Guard Academy (3)
- Former: D. Burbank, B. Melnick
  Candidate: A. Douglas
University of Connecticut (2)
- Former: F. Chang-Diaz, R. Mastracchio
Hartford (1)
- Deceased: J. Swigert
Yale (1)
- Former: J. Allen

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

George Washington University (7)
- Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor
- Former: M. Coats, C. Camarda, J. Creighton, F. Gregory, N. Woodward
- Deceased: D. Griggs\
- Candidate: A. Douglas
Georgetown (1)
- Deceased: B. O’Leary

FLORIDA

Embry-Riddle University (6)
- Management: A. Drew
- Former: D. Burbank, R. Garan, S. Still-Kilrain, N. Stott, T. Virts
University of West Florida (6)
- Former: J. Buchli, K. Cockrell, B. Melnick, B. O’Connor, J. Phillips
- Deceased: R. Richards
Florida Institute of Technology (4)
- Active: S. Williams
  Former: J. Higginbotham, K. Hire, G. Zamka
University of Florida (3)
- Former: W. Fisher, K. Ford, R. Garan
Florida State (2)
- Former: W. Scott, N. Thagard
Atlantic (1)
- Former: S. Swanson
University of Central Florida (2)
- Former: N. Stott
  Deceased: F. Caldeiro
University of Miami (1)
- Former: D. Barry
University of North Florida (1)
- Candidate: L. Delaney

GEORGIA

Georgia Institute of Technology (14)
- Active: E. Boe, D. Wheelock
- Former: M. Clifford, J. Davis, B. Hammond, S. Horowitz, T. Kopra, S. Magnus, W.
  McArthur, S. Still-Kilrain, R. Truly, R.S. Kimbrough,
- Deceased: A. Poindexter, J. Young
Emory (1)
- Deceased: M. Carter

IOWA

Cornell (1)
- Former: D. Hilmers
Iowa State (1)
- Former: C. Anderson
Wesleyan (1)
- Former: P. Whitson

IDAHO

Northwest Nazarene (1)
- Former: R. Hieb
University of Idaho (1)
- Former: J. Ashby

ILLINOIS

University of Illinois (6)
- Former: S. Altman, L. Archambault, J. Tanner, M. Hopkins
- Deceased: D. Gardner, S. Nagel
Northwestern (2)
- Active: M. Barratt
  Former: J. Kerwin
Southern Illinois University (1)
- Former: J. Higginbotham
University of Chicago (1)
- Former: J. Grunsfeld

INDIANA

Purdue University (21)
- Active: A. Feustel, L. O’Hara, S. Tingle
- Former: J. Blaha, R. Bridges, M. Brown, J. Casper, R. Covey, G. Gardner,
  G. Harbaugh, M. McCulley, M. Polansky, J. Ross, L. Shriver, M. Weber, D. Wolf
- Deceased: N. Armstrong, E. Cernan, R. Chaffee, V. Grissom, D. Williams
Notre Dame (3)
- Management: M. Good
- Former: K. Ford, J. Wetherbee
DePauw University (1)
- Former: J. Allen
Indiana University (1)
- Former: D. Wolf

KANSAS

United States Army Command and General Staff College (1)
- Active: R. Chari
University of Kansas (4)
- Active: L. O’Hara
- Former: J. Engle, S. Hawley
- Deceased: R. Evans

KENTUCKY

University of Kentucky (1)
- Former: S. Musgrave
Western Kentucky University (1)
- Former: T. Wilcutt

LOUISIANA

Tulane University (1)
- Former: D. Hurley

MARYLAND

United States Naval Academy (55)
- Active: K. Barron, S. Bowen, R.T. Hines, N. A. Mann, S. Williams
- Management: K. Bowersox, R. Cabana
- Former: W. Anders, C. Bolden, J. Buchli, D. Bursch, M. Coats, J. Creighton, F.
  Culbertson, R. Curbeam, C. Duke, J. Edwards, M. Foreman, S. Frick, D. Gorie, K.
  Ham, K. Hire, C. Hobaugh, B. Jett, W. Lawrence, D. Leestma, J. Linenger, M.
  Lopez-Alegria, C. Loria, J. Lovell, L. Nowak, B. O’Connor, S. Oswald, J. Phillips, W.
  Readdy, K. Reightler, W. Shepherd, R. Springer, T. Stafford, P. Thuot, G. Zamka
- Deceased: D. Eisele, T. Freeman, E. Givens, D. Griggs, J. Irwin, M. Lounge, B.
  McCandless, W. McCool, W. Schirra, A. Shepard, M. Smith, S. Thorne, D. Walker, C. Cassidy
- Candidate: J. Hathaway
United States Naval Test Pilot School (6)
- Active: R. Chari, M. Dominick, J. Moghbeli
  Candidate: M. Berrios, L. Delaney, J. Wittner
University of Maryland (5)
- Active: J. Epps
- Former: P. Richards
- Management: R. Arnold
  Deceased: W. McCool, J. Resnik
Johns Hopkins (2)
- Active: G. R. Wiseman
  Candidate: A. Douglas
Frostburg State University (1)
- Management: R. Arnold
Loyola University (1)
- Management: T.J. Creamer
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (2)
- Active: A. Morgan, F. Rubio

MASACHUSETTS

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (41)
- Active: S. Bowen, R. Chari, M. Fincke, T. N. Hague, W. Hoburg, J. Moghbeli
- Management: T.J. Creamer
- Former: E. Aldrin, D. Antonelli, J. Apt, K. Cameron, C. Cassidy, G. Chamitoff, F.
  Chang-Diaz, C. Coleman, C. Duke, A. England, J. Fischer, J. Grunsfeld, T. Hart, F.
  Hauck, W. Lawrence, M. Lee, M. Massimino, P. Melroy, N. Patrick, R. Satcher, R.
  Schweickart, D. Scott, W. Shepherd, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, D. Tani, N. Woodward
- Deceased: P. Chapman, W. Lenoir, R. McNair, E. Mitchell, J.E. Voss
- Candidate: G. Berrios, C. Birch, C. Williams
Harvard University (7)
- Active: J. Kim, S. Wilson
- Management: R. Linnehan
- Former: J. Hoffman, R. Satcher, H. Schmitt
- Candidate: A. Menon
Harvard Medical School (1)
- Candidate: C. Williams
Amherst (2)
- Former: J. Hoffman, R. Parker
University of Massachusetts (1)
- Former: C. Coleman
SE Massachusetts University (1)
- Active: S. Tingle
Harvard College (1)
- Former: J. Apt
Holy Cross (1)
- Former: J. Kerwin
Tufts (1)
- Former: R. Hauck
Williams College (1)
- Deceased: B. O’Leary
Boston University (1)
- Active: R.T. Hines

MICHIGAN

University of Michigan (8)
- Former: J. Lousma
- Deceased: T. Freeman, K. Henize, J. Irwin, E. White, A. Worden, J. McDivitt
- Candidate: A. Douglas
Albion College (1)
- Active: J. Cassada
Oakland Community College (1)
- Former: Andrew Feustel

MINNESOTA

University of Minnesota (3)
- Active: K. Lindgren
- Former: D. Carey
- Deceased: D. Slayton
St. John’s University (1)
- Active: M. Vande Hei

MISSOURI

Missouri University of Science and Technology (3)
- Former: T. Akers, J. Kavandi, S. Magnus
University of Missouri-Columbia (2)
- Former: L. Godwin
- Deceased: R. Richards
Webster-Missouri (2)
- Former: E. Collins, S. Gutierrez
Missouri Southern State University (1)
- Former: J. Kavandi
Southeast Missouri State (1)
- Former: L. Godwin
Washington University (1)
- Former: R. Behnken

MISSISSIPPI

Southern Mississippi (1)
- Former: R. Stewart

MONTANA

John Carroll University (1)
Former: C. Walz

NEBRASKA

Creighton (1)
- Deceased: M. Anderson
Hastings (1)
- Former: C. Anderson
Wayne State (1)
- Former: J. Linenger

NEW HAMPSHIRE

University of New Hampshire (2)
- Management: R. Linnehan, L. Morin
Dartmouth (1)
- Former: J. Newman

NEW JERSEY

Princeton (4)
- Former: J. Adamson, D. Barry
- Deceased: G. Carr, C. Conrad
Rutgers (2)
- Former: T. Hart, M. Runco

NEW YORK

United States Military Academy (21)
- Active: R.S. Kimbrough, A. McClain, A. Morgan, F. Rubio, D. Wheelock
- Management: P. Forrester
- Former: J. Adamson, E. Aldrin, F. Borman, M. Clifford, C. Gemar, T. Kopra, W.
  McArthur, R. Mullane, D. Scott, S. Spring, J. Williams
- Deceased: M. Collins, D. Peterson, E. White, A. Worden
Columbia University (6)
- Former: K. Chilton, W. Gregory, G.H. Johnson, M. Massimino, S. Musgrave
- Management: K. Bowersox
Cornell University (6)
- Former: E. Baker, D. Barry, M. Jemison, E. Lu, D. Thomas
- Deceased: D. Low
Rensselaer Polytechnic (3)
- Active: G. R. Wiseman
- Deceased: R. Mastracchio, J. Swigert
Merchant Marine Academy (2)
- Former: M. Kelly
- Deceased: E. See
State University of New York (2)
- Former: E. Baker, R. Garan
Syracuse (2)
- Former: E. Collins, S. Musgrave
City College (1)
- Former: M. Runco
LeMoyne College (1)
- Active: J. Epps
New York University (1)
- Management: L. Morin
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (1)
- Former: C. Camarda
Rochester (2)
- Active: J. Cassada
- Former: E. Gibson
NY State-Farmingdale (1)
- Deceased: F. Caldeiro
NY State-Maritime (1)
- Former: S. Kelly

NORTH CAROLINA

University of North Carolina (4)
- Active: Z. Cardman
- Former: J. Linenger
- Deceased: C. Brady, W. Thornton
Davidson College (1)
- Former: T. Marshburn
Duke University (1)
- Deceased: C. Brady
Wake Forest (1)
- Former: T. Marshburn
Agricultural & Technical State (1)
- Deceased: R. McNair
North Carolina State University (1)
- Active: C. Koch

NORTH DAKOTA

University of North Dakota (1)
- Former: K. Nyberg

OHIO

Air Force Institute of Technology (12)
- Former: W. Anders, G. Bluford, M. Brown, J. Fabian, K. Ford, M. Fossum, J. Halsell,
  S. Lindsey, M. Mullane
- Deceased: G. Cooper, D. Eisele, D. Peterson
United States Air Force Test Pilot School (2)
- Active: B. Hines
The Ohio State University (3)
- Management: R. Linnehan
- Former: N. Currie, R. Sega
Baldwin-Wallace (1)
- Deceased: R. Overmyer
Case Western (1)
- Former: D. Thomas
Kent State (1)
- Former: C. Walz
Marietta (1)
- Former: S. Musgrave
Muskingum (1)
- Deceased: J. Glenn
Wright State (1)
- Active: M. Barratt

OKLAHOMA

University of Oklahoma (3)
- Former: F. Haise, S. Lucid
- Deceased: O. Garriott
Oklahoma Baptist (1)
- Deceased: W. Pogue
Oklahoma City (1)
- Deceased: G. Cooper
Oklahoma State (1)
- Deceased: W. Pogue

OREGON

Oregon State (2)
- Active: D. Pettit
- Former: W. Oefelein

PENNSYLVANIA

Drexel University (3)
- Former: J. Bagian, C. Ferguson, P. Richards
University of Pennsylvania (2)
- Former: G. Reisman, M. Gernhardt
Indiana University of Pennsylvania (1)
- Deceased: P. Robertson
Carnegie-Mellon (2)
- Deceased: E. Mitchell, J. Resnik
The Pennsylvania State University (2)
- Former: G. Bluford
- Deceased: P. Weitz
Lehigh (1)
- Former: T. Hart
Pennsylvania Medical College (1)
- Deceased: P. Robertson
Thomas Jefferson (1)
- Former: J. Bagian
Villanova (1)
- Former: A. Allen

RHODE ISLAND

Naval War College (2)
- Former: J. Williams
- Candidate: J. Hathaway, J, Wittner
Brown University (2)
- Active: J. Meir
- Former: B. Lichtenberg

SOUTH CAROLINA

The Citadel (1)
- Active: R. Bresnik

TENNESSEE

University of Tennessee-Knoxville (7)
- Active: B. Wilmore, R. Bresnik
- Former: J. Ashby, J. Edwards, D. Gorie, S. Kelly, M. Seddon
- Deceased: H. Hartsfield
Tennessee Technical University (1)
- Active: B. Wilmore
Vanderbilt (1)
- Former: M. Gernhardt
Tennessee Space Institute (1)
- Former: W. Oefelein

TEXAS

University Of Houston (7)
- Former: N. Currie, B. Dunbar, B. Harris, D. Holmquest, S. Musgrave, J.D. Olivas, R.
  Walheim
University of Texas (13)
- Active: S. Wilson
- Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor
- Former: M. Baker, K. Cockrell, R. Crippen, G.H. Johnson, P. Lockhart, C. Meade, K.
  Nyberg, N. Thagard, N. Woodward
- Deceased: A. Bean, K. Chawla
University of Texas-Health Science Center
- Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor
Rice University (8)
- Active: S. Walker
- Former: J. Hoffman, T. Jernigan, J. Newman, D. Olivas, P. Whitson
- Deceased: J. Bull
- Candidate: N. Ayers
University of Houston-Clear Lake (7)
- Active: M. Fincke
- Former: G. Bluford, G. Chamitoff, M. Fossum, G. Harbaugh, R. Mastracchio
- Deceased: B. McCandless
Texas Tech (4)
- Former: B. Harris, P. Lockhart
- Deceased: C. Bassett, R. Husband
Texas A&M (2)
- Former: M. Fossum, S. Swanson
University of Texas-Arlington (1)
- Former: R. Stewart
University of Texas-Medical Branch (3)
- Active: K. Lindgren
- Former: T. Marshburn
- Candidate: A. Menon
Baylor University (1)
- Former: D. Holmquest
University of Texas-Dallas (1)
- Former: J. Reilly
University of Texas-El Paso (1)
- Former: D. Olivas
Univ. of Texas-Public Health (1)
- Former: E. Baker

UTAH

University of Utah (1)
- Deceased: D. Lind
Utah State (1)
- Former: M. Cleave

VERMONT

University of Vermont (1)
- Deceased: D. Graveline

VIRGINIA

University of Virginia (6)
- Management: P. Forrester
- Former: L. Melvin, K. Thornton, J. Wisoff, T. Marshburn
- Deceased: K. Henize
East Virginia Medical (1)
- Deceased: D. Brown
Old Dominion (1)
- Former: M. Bloomfield
Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1)
- Former: C. Camarda
William & Mary (1)
- Deceased: D. Brown
University of Richmond (1)
- Former: L. Melvin
Washington & Lee (1)
- Deceased: D. Low

WASHINGTON

University of Washington (12)
- Active: M. Barratt
- Management: Y. Cagle, S. Love
- Former: D. Antonelli, B. Dunbar, J. Dutton, J. Fabian, G.C. Johnson, J. Kavandi, G.
  Nelson
- Deceased: M. Anderson, R. Gordon
Washington State (1)
- Former: J. Fabian
Whitman College (1)
- Former: D. Metcalf-Lindenburger

WISCONSIN

University of Wisconsin-Madison (2)
- Former: B. Shaw
- Deceased: L. Clark
University of Wisconsin-River Falls (1)
- Former: D. Brandenstein

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6.0 NASA ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES

The eleven Expedition 68 crew members aboard the International Space Station pose for a portrait.

ARGENTINA: F. Caldeiro
AUSTRALIA: P. Chapman, P. Scully-Power, A. Thomas
BRAZIL: M. Pontes
CANADA: G. Chamitoff, C. Hadfield, J. Hansen, J. Payette, D. Saint-Jacques, R. Thirsk, D. R. Williams
CHINA: W. Anders, S. Lucid, T. Wang
COSTA RICA: F. Chang-Diaz
DENMARK: A. Mogensen
ENGLAND: M. Foale, G.H. Johnson, N. Patrick, T. Peake, P. Sellers
FRANCE: L. Eyharts, T. Pesquet
GERMANY: A. Gerst, H. Schlegel, S. Thorne, J. Moghbeli
INDIA: K. Chawla
ITALY: M. Collins, P.
NETHERLANDS: L. Van Den Berg
PACIFIC ISLANDS: J. Newman
PERU: C. Noriega
SPAIN: M. Lopez-Alegria
SWITZERLAND: C. Nicollier
SWEDEN: C. Fuglesang
TAIWAN: K. Lindgren
TURKEY: D. Burnham
VIETNAM: E. Trinh
WALES: J. Llewellyn

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7.0 ASTRONAUTS' SCOUTING RECORDS

Greg “Box” Johnson, executive director of Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) and former astronaut, third from left, receives an Distinguished Eagle Scout Award during the Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree, Tuesday, July 25, 2017 at the Summit Bechtel Reserve in Glen Jean, West Virginia.

EAGLE:

Astronaut Candidate: J. Hathaway, C. Williams Active: R. Chari, K. Lindgren, D. Pettit

Management: P. Forrester, K. Bowersox

Former: J. Adamson, J. Bagian, G. Bluford, K. Bowersox, C. Brady, G. Chamitoff, R. Covey, J. Creighton, C. Duke, M. Fossum, W. Gregory, J. Hoffman, G.H. Johnson, T. Jones, M. Lee, D. Lind, S. Lindsey, J. Lovell, M. McCulley, B. O’Leary, S. Oswald, S. Parazynski, K. Reightler, J. Tanner, R. Truly

Deceased: N. Armstrong, G. Carr, M. Carter, R. Chaffee, D. Eisele, G.H. Fullerton, S.D. Griggs, J. Llewellyn (King’s Scout, U.K.), W. McCool, E. Onizuka, R. Searfoss, E. See, D. Walker

GIRL SCOUT:

Active: K. Barron, C. Koch, N. Mann, M. McArthur, J. Meir, L. O’Hara, K. Rubins, J. Watkins, S. Williams

Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor, Y. Cagle

Former: E. Collins, N. Currie-Gregg, J. Davis, A. Fisher, S. Helms, J. Higginbotham, K. Hire, T. Jernigan, S. Kilrain (Still), W. Lawrence, S. Magnus, D. Metcalf-Lindenburger, B. Morgan, L. Nowak, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, M.R. Seddon, K. Sullivan, K. Thornton, M. Weber

Deceased: L. Clark, J.E. Voss

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8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS

8.1 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

Members from the Air Force, Joby Aviation, and NASA cut a ribbon on Sept. 25 at Edwards Air Force Base in Edwards, California after opening a maintenance shelter for Joby’s electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Under an interagency agreement with AFWERX, NASA pilots and researchers will test the Joby aircraft starting in 2024.

Air Force photo by Richard Gonzales

ASTRONAUT	STATUS	Rank	Branch
Akers, Thomas D.	Former	Lt. Colonel (Ret.)	USAF
Aldrin, Edwin (Buzz)	Former	Colonel (Ret.)	USAF

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8.2 UNITED STATES ARMY

NASA astronauts Chris Cassidy and Andrew Morgan take a break and pose for a portrait inside the Quest airlock.

ASTRONAUT	STATUS	Rank	Branch
Adamson, James C.	Former	Colonel (Ret.)	USA

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8.3 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD

Orion capsule floats in sea with crew in orange flight suits in raft nearby

PHOTO DATE: 07-13-17
LOCATION: U.S. Coast Guard – Galveston Marine Base
SUBJECT: ICEE-HOT, is being conducted by the Orion and Ground Systems Development and Operations programs along with the U.S. Department of Defense, to evaluate procedures being developed to get astronauts out of the Orion crew module upon returning to Earth. Astronauts involved in the testing include: Dan Burbank, Victor Glover, Mike Fincke and Stan Love.
PHOTOGRAPHER:JOSH VALCARCEL

ASTRONAUT	STATUS	Rank	Branch
Burbank, Daniel C. (Dan)	Former	Captain (Ret.)	USCG
Melnick, Bruce E.	Former	Commander (Ret.)	USCG
Douglas, Andre	Candidate		USCG

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8.4 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

(28 October 2017) Expedition 53 Flight Engineer (FE) Joseph Acaba and Commander Randy Bresnik with United States Marine Corps (USMC) shirts on and USMC flag behind them. (Credit: NASA)

ASTRONAUT

STATUS

Rank

Branch

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8.5 UNITED STATES NAVY

Recovery team members work to guide a test version of Orion into the USS Anchorage’s well deck on Sept. 15, 2014. NASA and the Navy are working together this week to test tools and techniques that will be used to recover the spacecraft once it splashes down following Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

ASTRONAUT	STATUS	Rank	Branch

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8.6 UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE

The United States Space Force Training Leadership Team visited NASA Stennis Sept. 20 for a tour of various facilities. The group received an overview of work conducted at NASA Stennis, including stops at the Autonomous Systems Laboratory and B Test Stand, along with visits to Aerojet Rocketdyne, an L3 Harris Technologies Company, and Lockheed Martin. A day earlier, NASA Stennis senior management attended the activation ceremony for the first United States Space Force unit in the state of Mississippi at Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi.

NASA / Stennis

ASTRONAUT	STATUS	Rank	Branch
Hague, Tyler N.	Active	Colonel	USSF
Hopkins, Michael S	Former	Colonel	USSF

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9.0 U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG

9.1 PRE-SHUTTLE SPACE FLIGHT

S66-54454 (13 Sept. 1966) — Astronaut Richard F. Gordon Jr., pilot for the Gemini-11 spaceflight, returns to the hatch of the spacecraft following extravehicular activity (EVA). This picture was taken over the Atlantic Ocean at approximately 160 nautical miles above Earth’s surface. Photo credit: NASA

MERCURY-REDSTONE

Mercury 3 Shepard, Alan B. May 5, 1961 15 min – 28 sec

Mercury 4 Grissom, Virgil I. July 21, 1961 15 min – 37 sec

Mercury 6 Glenn, John H. Feb. 20, 1962 4 hr – 55 min – 23 sec

Mercury 7 Carpenter, Scott M. May 24, 1962 4 hr – 56 min – 05 sec

Mercury 8 Schirra, Walter M. Oct. 3, 1962 9 hr – 13 min – 11 sec

Mercury 9 Cooper, L. Gordon May 5-15, 1963 34 hr – 19 min – 49 sec

GEMINI-TITAN

Gemini III Grissom, Virgil I.

Young, John W. March 23, 1965 4 hr – 52 min – 31 sec

Gemini IV McDivitt, James A.

White, Edward H. June 3-7, 1965 97 hr – 56 min – 12 sec

Gemini V Cooper, L. Gordon

Conrad, Charles Aug. 21-29, 1965 190 hr – 55 min – 14 sec

Gemini VII Borman, Frank

Lovell, James A. Dec. 4-18, 1965 330 hr – 35 min – 01 sec

Gemini VI-A Schirra, Walter M.

Stafford, Thomas P. Dec. 15-16, 1965 25 hr – 51 min – 24 sec

Gemini VIII Armstrong, Neil A.

Scott, David R. March 16, 1966 10 hr – 41 min – 26 sec

Gemini IX-A Stafford, Thomas P.

Cernan, Eugene A. June 3-6, 1966 72 hr – 20 min – 50 sec

Gemini X Young, John W.

Collins, Michael July 18-21, 1966 70 hr – 46 min – 39 sec

Gemini XI Conrad, Charles

Gordon, Richard F. Sept. 12-15, 1966 71 hr – 17 min – 08 sec

Gemini XII Lovell, James A.

Aldrin, Buzz Nov. 11-15, 1966 94 hr – 34 min – 31 sec

APOLLO-SATURN

Apollo 7 Schirra, Walter M.

Eisele, Donn F.

Cunningham Walter Oct. 11-22, 1968 260 hr – 09 min – 03 sec

Apollo 8 Borman, Frank

Lovell, James A.

Anders, William A. Dec. 21-27, 1968 147 hr – 00 min – 42 sec

Apollo 9 McDivitt, James A.

Scott, David R.

Schweickart, Russell L. March 3-13, 1969 241 hr – 00 min – 54 sec

Apollo 10 Stafford, Thomas P.

Young, John W.

Cernan, Eugene A. May 18-26, 1969 192 hr – 23 min – 23 sec

Apollo 11 Armstrong, Neil A.

Collins, Michael

Aldrin, Buzz July 16-24, 1969 195 hr – 18 min – 35 sec

Apollo 12 Conrad, Charles

Gordon, Richard F.

Bean, Alan L. Nov. 14-24, 1969 244 hr – 36 min – 24 sec

Apollo 13 Lovell, James A.

Swigert, John L.

Haise, Fred W. April 11-17, 1970 142 hr – 54 min – 41 sec

Apollo 14 Shepard, Alan B.

Roosa, Stuart A. Jan. 31 –

Mitchell, Edgar D. Feb.9, 1971 216 hr – 01 min – 58 sec

Apollo 15 Scott, David R.

Worden, Alfred M. July 26 –

Irwin, James B. Aug. 7, 1971 305 hr – 11 min – 53 sec

Apollo 16 Young, John W.

Mattingly, Thomas K.

Duke, Charles M. April 16-27, 1972 265 hr – 51 min – 05 sec

Apollo 17 Cernan, Eugene A.

Evans, Ronald E.

Schmitt, Harrison H. Dec. 7-19, 1972 301 hr – 51 min – 59 sec

SKYLAB

Skylab SL-2 Conrad, Charles

Kerwin, Joseph P. May 25 –

Weitz, Paul J. June 22, 1973 672 hr – 49 min – 49 sec

Skylab SL-3 Bean, Alan L.

Garriott, Owen K. July 28 –

Lousma, Jack R. Sept. 25, 1973 1427 hr – 09 min – 04 sec

Skylab SL-4 Carr, Gerald P.

Gibson, Edward G. Nov. 16, 1973 –

Pogue, William R. Feb. 8, 1974 2017 hr – 16 min – 00 sec

APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP)

Stafford, Thomas P.

Brand, Vance D.

Slayton, Donald K. July 15-24, 1975 223 hours – 28 min – sec

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9.2 SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM MISSIONS

Liftoff of space shuttle Discovery on the STS-95 mission, returning Glenn to orbit

Flight Vehicle

Crew –
Designation (STS seat)

Duration
Days, Hour., Minutes
Orbits
Miles, sm

Date
Launch
Landing

Time
Launch
Landing
(Main gear)

STS-1
Columbia

Young, John W. – CDR

Crippen, Robert L. – PLT

02 days, 06 hours, 20 minutes

36 orbits

933,757 miles, sm

Apr-12-81

Apr-14-81

EAFB

06:00 a.m. CST

12:20 p.m. CST

STS-2
Columbia

Engle, Joe H. – CDR

Truly, Richard H. – PLT

02 days, 06 hours, 13 minutes

36 orbits

933,757 miles, sm

Nov-12-81

Nov-14-81

EAFB

09:10 a.m. CST

03:23 p.m. CST

STS-3
Columbia

Lousma, Jack R. – CDR

Fullerton, Gordon – PLT

08 days, 00 hours, 04 minutes

129 orbits

3,900,000 miles, sm

Mar-22-82

Mar-30-82

White Sands

10:00 a.m. CST

10:04 a.m. CST

Space Harbor, NM

STS-4
Columbia

Mattingly, Thomas – CDR

Hartsfield, Henry W. – PLT

07 days, 01 hours, 11 minutes

112 orbits

2,900,000 miles, sm

Jun-27-82

Jul-04-82

EAFB

09:59 a.m. CDT

11:11 a.m. CDT

STS-5
Columbia

Brand, Vance D. – CDR

Overmyer, Robert F. – PLT

Allen, Joseph P. – MS

Lenoir, William B. – MS

5 days, 02 hours, 14 minutes

81 orbits

1,850,000 miles, sm

Nov-11-82

Nov-16-82

EAFB

06:19 a.m. CST

08:33 a.m. CST

STS-6
Challenger

Weitz, Paul J. – CDR

Bobko, Karol J. – PLT

Peterson, Donald H. – MS

Musgrave, F. Story – MS

5 days, 00 hours, 23 minutes

80 orbits

1,820,000 miles, sm

Apr-04-83

Apr-09-83

EAFB

01:30 p.m. CST

01:53 p.m. CST

STS-7
Challenger

Crippen, Robert L. – CDR

Hauck, Frederick H. – PLT

Ride, Sally K. – MS

Fabian, John M. – MS

Thagard, Norman E. – MS

06 days, 02 hours, 23 minutes

98 orbits

2,220,000 miles, sm

Jun-18-83

Jun-24-83

EAFB

06:33 a.m. CDT

08:56 a.m. CDT

STS-8
Challenger

Truly, Richard H. – CDR

Brandenstein, Daniel C. – PLT

Gardner, Dale A. – MS

Bluford, Guion S. – MS

Thornton, William E. – MS

Parker, Robert A. – MS

Lichtenberg, Byron K.- PS

Merbold, Ulf – PS (Germany)

6 days, 01 hours, 08 minutes

98 orbits

2,220,000 miles, sm

Aug-30-83

Sep-05-83

EAFB

01:32 a.m. CDT

02:40 a.m. CDT

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9.3 COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM MISSIONS

NASA's SpaceX Crew-6 are seen inside the SpaceX Dragon Endeavour spacecraft onboard the SpaceX recovery ship.

Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev, left, NASA astronaut Warren “Woody” Hoburg, second from left, NASA astronaut Stephen Bowen, second from right, and UAE (United Arab Emirates) astronaut Sultan Alneyadi, right, are seen inside the SpaceX Dragon Endeavour spacecraft onboard the SpaceX recovery ship MEGAN shortly after having landed in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, Monday, Sept. 4, 2023. Bowen, Hoburg, Alneyadi, and Fedyaev are returning after nearly six-months in space as part of Expedition 69 aboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Flight Vehicle	Crew – Designation (STS seat)	Duration Days/Hrs/Min Orbits Miles, sm	Date Launch, Location Landing, Location	Time Launch Landing
DM-2 Endeavor	Hurley, Douglas G. – CDR Behnken, Robert L. – JOC	63 days 1,024 orbits 27.1 million sm	30 May 2020, KSC 39-A	02:22 p.m. CST
Crew-1	Hopkins, Michael S. – CDR	167 days	16 Nov 2020, KSC 39-A	08:27 p.m. CST
Resilience	Glover, Victor J. – PLT	2,688 orbits	02 May 2021, GOM	01:56 a.m. CST
	Walker, Shannon – MS	71.1 million sm
	Noguchi, Soichi – MS (Japan)

Crew-2	Kimbrough, R. Shane – CDR	198 days	23 April 2021, KSC 39-A	04:49 a.m. CST
Endeavor	McArthur, K. Megan – PLT	3,194 orbits	9 November 2021, GOM	9:33 p.m. CST
	Pesquet, Thomas – MS (ESA)	84,653,119 sm
	Hoshide, Aki – MS (Japan)

Crew-3	Chari, Raja – CDR	177 days	10 November 2021, KSC 39-A	8:03 p.m. CST
Endurance	Marshburn, Thomas – PLT	2,832 orbits	6 May 2022, GOM	11:43 p.m. CST
	Barron, Kayla – MS	75,060,792 sm
	Maurer, Matthias – MS (ESA)

Crew-4	Lindgren, Kjell – CDR	170 days	27 April 2022, KSC 39-A	2:52 a.m. CST
Freedom	Hines, Robert – PLT	2,720 orbits	14 Oct. 2022, GOM	3:55 p.m. CST
	Watkins, Jessica – MS	72,168,935 sm
	Cristoforetti, Samantha – MS (ESA)

Crew-5	Mann, Nicole – CDR	157 days	5 Oct. 2022, KSC 39-A	11 a.m. CST
Endurance	Cassada, Josh – PLT	2,512 orbits	11 March 2023, GOM	8:07 p.m. CST
	Wakata, Koichi – MS (JAXA)	66,577,531 sm
	Kikina, Anna – MS (ROSCOSMOS)

Crew-6	Bowen, Stephen – CDR	186 days	2 March 2023, KSC 39-A	11:34 p.m. CST
Endeavour	Hoburg, Warren – PLT	2, 976 orbits	3 Sept. 2023, GOM	11:17 p.m. CST
	Alneyadi, Sultan – MS (UAE)	78,875,292 sm
	Fedyaev, Andrey – MS (ROSCOSMOS)

Crew-7	Moghbeli, Jasmin – CDR		26 Aug. 2023, KSC 39-A	2:37 a.m. CST
Endurance	Mogensen, Andreas (ESA) – PLT
	Furukawa, Satoshi (JAXA) – MS
	Borisov, Konstantin – MS (ROSCOSMOS)

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9.4 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION EXPEDITIONS

The International Space Station photographed by Expedition 56 crew members from a Soyuz spacecraft after undocking. NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel and Ricky Arnold and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev executed a fly around of the orbiting laboratory to take pictures of the station before returning home after spending 197 days in space. The station will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the launch of the first element Zarya in November 2018. Credit: NASA/Roscosmos

NASA/Roscosmos

Expedition 1

William Shepherd – Yuri Gidzenko – Sergei Krikalev

Launch: October 2000

Land: March 2001

141 days

Expedition 2

Yury Usachev – Jim Voss – Susan Helms

Launch: March 2001

Land: August 2001

167 days

Expedition 3

Frank Culbertson – Vladimir Dezhurov – Mikhail Tyurin

Launch: August 2001

Land: December 2001

129 days

Expedition 4

Yury Onufrienko – Carl Walz – Daniel Bursch

Launch: December 2001

Land: June 2002

196 days

Expedition 5

Valery Korzum – Sergei Treschev – Peggy Whitson

Launch: June 2002

Land: December 2002

185 days

Expedition 6

Ken Bowersox – Nikolai Budarin – Donald Pettit

Launch: November 2002

Land: May 2003

161 days

Expedition 7 Up with Expedition 8/Down with Expedition 7

Yuri Malenchenko – Ed Lu Pedro Duque

Launch: April 2003 Launch & Land: October 2003

Land: October 2003 10 days

185 days

Expedition 8 Up with Expedition 9/Down with Expedition 8

Mike Foale – Alexander Kaleri Andre Kuipers

Launch: October 2003 Launch & Land: April 2004

Land: April 2004 11 days

195 days

Expedition 9 Up with Expedition 10/Down with Expedition 9

Gennady Padalka – Michael Fincke Yuri Shargin

Launch: April 2004 Launch & Land: October 2004

Land: October 2004 10 days

188 days

Expedition 10 Up with Expedition 11/Down with Expedition 10

Leroy Chiao – Salizhan Sharipov Roberto Vittori

Launch: October 2004 Launch & Land: April 2005

Land: April 2005 10 days

193 days

Expedition 11

Sergei Krikalev – John Phillips

Launch: April 2005

Land: October 2005 (with Greg Olson)

179 days

Expedition 12

William McArthur – Valery Tokarev

Launch: October 2005 (with Greg Olson)

Land: April 2006

190 days

Expedition 13 Expedition 13 & Expedition 14

Pavel Vinogradov – Jeffrey Williams Thomas Reiter

Launch: March 2006 Launch: July 2006

Land: September 2006 Land: December 2006

183 days 171 days

Expedition 14 Expedition 14 & Expedition 15

Mike Lopez-Alegria – Mikhail Tyurin Sunita Williams

Launch: September 2006 Launch: December 2006

Land: April 2007 Land: June 2007

215 days 194 days

Expedition 15 Expedition 15 & Expedition 16

Fyodor Yurchikhin – Oleg Kotov Clay Anderson

Launch: April 2007 Launch: June 2007

Land: October 2007 Land: November 2007

196 days 152 days

Expedition 16 Expedition 16

Peggy Whitson – Yuri Malenchenko Dan Tani

Launch: October 2007 Launch: October 2007

Land: April 2008 Land: February 2008

192 days 120 days

Expedition 16 Expedition 16 & Expedition 17

Leopold Eyharts Garrett Reisman

Launch: February 2008 Launch: March 2008

Land: March 2008 Land: June 2008

48 days 95 days

Expedition 17 Expedition 17 & Expedition 18

Sergey Volkov – Oleg Kononenko Gregory Chamitoff

Launch: April 2008 Launch: May 2008

Land: October 2008 Land: November 2008

199 days 183 days

Expedition 18 Expedition 18 & Expedition 19

Michael Fincke – Yuri Lonchakov Koichi Wakata

Launch: October 2008 Launch: March 2009

Land: April 2009 Land: July 2009

178 days 137 days

Expedition 18

Sandy Magnus

Launch: November 2008

Land: March 2009

134 days

Expedition 19 & Expedition 20

Gennady Padalka – Michael Barratt

Launch: March 2009

Land: October 2009

199 days

Expedition 20 & Expedition 21

Roman Romanenko – Frank DeWinne – Robert Thirsk

Launch: May 2009

Land: December 2009

187 days

Expedition 20

Tim Kopra

Launch: July 2009

Land: September 2009

58 days

Expedition 21 & Expedition 22

Jeffrey Williams – Maxim Suraev

Launch: September 2009

Land: March 2010

169 days

Expedition 21

Nicole Stott

Launch: August 2009

Land: November 2009

91 Days

Expedition 22 & Expedition 23

Oleg Kotov – Soichi Noguchi – Timothy Creamer

Launch: December 2009

Land: June 2010

163 days

Expedition 23 & Expedition 24

Aleksandr Skvortsov – Mikhail Kornienko – Tracy C. Dyson

Launch: April 2010

Land: September 2010

176 days

Expedition 24 & Expedition 25

Douglas Wheelock – Fyodor Yurchikhin – Shannon Walker

Launch: June 2010

Land: November 2010

163 days

Expedition 25 & Expedition 26

Scott Kelly – Aleksandr Kaleri – Oleg Skripochka

Launch: October 2010

Land: March 2011

159 days

Expedition 26 & Expedition 27

Dmitri Kondratyev – Catherine Coleman – Paolo Nespoli

Launch: December 2010

Land: May 2011

159 days

Expedition 27 & Expedition 28

Andrey Borisenko – Aleksandr Samokutyaev – Ronald Garan

Launch: April 2011

Land: September 2011

164 days

Expedition 28 & Expedition 29

Michael Fossum – Sergey Volkov – Satoshi Furukawa

Launch: June 2011

Land: November 2011

167 days

Expedition 29 & Expedition 30

Daniel Burbank – Anton Shkaplerov – Anatoly Ivanishin

Launch: November 2011

Land: April 2012

165 days

Expedition 30 & Expedition 31

Oleg Kononenko – Donald Pettit – Andre Kuipers

Launch: December 2011

Land: July 2012

192 days

Expedition 31 & Expedition 32

Gennadi Padalka – Sergei Revin – Joseph Acaba

Launch: May 2012

Land: September 2012

123 Days

Expedition 32 & Expedition 33

Sunita Williams – Yuri Malenchenko – Aki Hoshide

Launch: July 2012

Land: November 2012

127 Days

Expedition 33 & Expedition 34

Kevin Ford – Oleg Novitsky – Yevgeni Tarelkin

Launch: October 2012

Land: March 2013

144 Days

Expedition 34 & Expedition 35

Chris Hadfield – Roman Romanenko – Tom Marshburn

Launch: December 2012

Land: May 2013

146 Days

Expedition 35 & Expedition 36

Pavel Vinogradov – Aleksander Misurkin – Chris Cassidy

Launch: March 2013

Land: September 2013

166 Days

Expedition 36 & Expedition 37

Fyodor Yurchikhin – Luca Parmitano – Karen Nyberg

Launch: May 2013

Land: November 2013

166 Days

Expedition 37 & Expedition 38

Oleg Kotov – Sergey Ryzansky – Mike Hopkins

Launch: September 2013

Land: March 2014

167 days

Expedition 38 & Expedition 39

Koichi Wakata – Mikhail Tyurin – Rick Mastracchio

Launch: November 2013

Land: May 2014

188 days

Expedition 39 & Expedition 40

Steve Swanson – Aleksandr Skvortsov – Oleg Artemiev

Launch: March 2014

Land: September 2014

169 days

Expedition 40 & Expedition 41

Makin Suraev – Reid Wiseman – Alexander Gerst

Launch: June 2014

Land: November 2014

165 days

Expedition 41 & Expedition 42

Barry Wilmore – Alexander Samokutyaev – Yelena Serova

Launch: September 2014

Land: March 2015

167 days

Expedition 42 & Expedition 43

Anton Shkaplerov – Samantha Cristoforetti – Terry Virts

Launch: November 2014

Land: May 2015

199 days

Expedition 43 & Expedition 44

Gennady Padalka

Launch: March 2015

Land: October 2015

168 days

Expedition 43, Expedition 44, Expedition 45, Expedition 46

Scott Kelly – Mikhail Kornienko

Launch: March 2015

Land: March 2016

340 days

Expedition 44 & Expedition 45

Oleg Kononenko – Kjell Lindgren – Kimiya Yui

Launch: May 2015

Land: March 2016

141 days

Expedition 45 & Expedition 46

Sergey Volkov

Launch: October 2015

Land: March 2016

182 days

Visiting Crew

Andreas Mogensen – Aidyn Aimbetov

Launch: with Volkov, October 2015

Land: with Padalka, October 2015

10 days

Expedition 46 & Expedition 47

Yuri Malenchenko – Tim Kopra – Timothy Peake

Launch: December 2015

Land: June 2016

186 days

Expedition 47 & Expedition 48

Jeff Williams – Alexey Ovchinin – Oleg Skripochka

Launch: March 2016

Land: September 2016

172 days

Expedition 48 & Expedition 49

Anatoly Ivanishin – Kate Rubins – Takuya Onishi

Launch: July 2016

Land: October 2016

115 days

Expedition 49 & Expedition 50

Shane Kimbrough – Sergey Ryzhikov – Andrey Borisenko

Launch: October 2016

Land: April 2017

173 days

Expedition 50 & Expedition 51

Oleg Novistsky – Thomas Pesquet

Launch: November 2016

Land: June 2017

196 days

Expedition 50, Expedition 51 & Expedition 52

Peggy Whitson

Launch: November 2016

Land: September 2017

288 days

Expedition 51 & Expedition 52

Jack Fischer – Fyodor Yurchikhin

Launch: April 2017

Land: September 2017

136 days

Expedition 52 & Expedition 53

Sergey Ryazanskiy – Randy Bresnik – Paolo Nespoli

Launch: July 2017

Land: December 2017

139 days

Expedition 53 & Expedition 54

Alexander Misurkin – Joseph Acaba – Mark Vande Hei

Launch: September 2017

Land: February 2018

168 days

Expedition 54 & Expedition 55

Anton Shkaplerov – Scott Tingle – Norshige Kanai

Launch: December 2017

Land: June 2018

168 days

Expedition 55 & Expedition 56

Oleg Aremyev – Drew Feustel – Ricky Arnold

Launch: March 2018

Land: October 2018

197 days

Expedition 56 & 57

Alexander Gerst – Serena Auñón-Chancellor – Sergey Prokopyev

Launch: June 2018

Land: December 2018

197 days

Expedition 58 & Expedition 59

Oleg Kononenko – Anne McClain – David St. Jacques

Launch: December 2018

Land: June 2019

204 days

Expedition 59 & Expedition 60

Aleksey Ovchinin – Nick Hague – Christina H. Koch

Launch: March 14, 2019

Land: October 3, 2019

204 days

Expedition 60 & Expedition 61

Andrew Morgan – Luca Parmitano – Aleksandr Skvortsov

Launch: July 20, 2019

Land: February 6, 2020 (Christina H. Koch landed with Expedition 60-61)

202 days

Expedition 61 & Expedition 62

Andrew Morgan – Jessica Meir – Oleg Skripochka

Launch: September. 25, 2019

Land: April 17, 2020

206 days

Expedition 62 & Expedition 63

Christopher Cassidy – Anatoli Ivanishin – Ivan Vagner

Launch: April 9, 2020

Land: October 21, 2020

196 days

Expedition 63

Doug Hurley – Bob Behnken

Launch: May 30, 2020

Land: August 2, 2020

65 days

Expedition 63 & 64

Sergey Ryzhikov – Sergey Kud-Sverchkov – Kathleen Rubins

Launch: October 14, 2020

Land: April 17, 2021

181 days

Expedition 64 & 65

Michael Hopkins – Victor Glover – Soichi Noguchi – Shannon Walker

Launch: November 16, 2020

Land: May 2, 2021

168 days

Oleg Novitsky

Launch: April 17, 2021

Land: October 17, 2021

Expedition 64, 65, & 66

Pyotr Dubrov – Mark Vande Hei, Oleg Novitskiy

Launch: April 17, 2021

Land: March 30, 2022

355 days

Expedition 65

Akihiko Hoshide – Shane Kimbrough – Megan McArthur – Thomas Pesquet

Launch: April 23, 2021

Land: November 9, 2021

199 days

Expedition 66

Raja Chari – Thomas Mashburn – Matthias Maurer – Kayla Barron

Launch: November 11, 2021

Land: May 6, 2022

177 days

Expedition 66 & 67

Oleg Artemyev – Denis Matveev – Sergey Korasov

Launch: March 18, 2022

Landing: September 29, 2022

195 days

Expedition 67

Kjell Lindgren – Robert Hines – Jessica Watkins – Samantha Cristoforetti

Launch: April 27, 2022

Landing: October 14, 2022

170 days

Expedition 67, 68 & 69

Frank Rubio – Dmitri Petelin – Sergey Prokopyev

Launch: September 21, 2022

Landing: September 27, 2023

371 days

Expedition 68

Nicole Mann – Josh Cassada – Kiochi Wakata – Anna Kikina

Launch: October 5, 2022

Landing: March 11, 2023

157 days

Expedition 69

Stephen Bowen – Warren Hoburg – Sultan Alneyadi – Andrey Fedyaev

Launch: March 2, 2023

Landing: September 4, 2023

186 days

Expedition 70

Jasmin Moghbeli – Andreas Mogensen – Satoshi Furukawa – Konstantin Borisov

Launch: September 26, 2023

Expedition 69 & 70

Loral O’Hara – Oleg Kononeko – Nikolai Chub

Launch: September 15, 2023

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9.5 SPACEWALK STATISTICS FOR U.S. ASTRONAUTS

NASA astronaut Drew Feustel is pictured tethered to the International Space Station during a spacewalk on June 14, 2018.

ASTRONAUT	# OF SPACEWALKS	TIME
Michael E. Lopez-Algeria	10	67 hours – 40 minutes
Steve G. Bowen	10	65 hours – 57 minutes
Andrew J. Feustel	9	61 hours – 48 minutes
Robert L. Behnken	10	61 hours – 10 minutes
Peggy A. Whitson	10	60 hours – 21 minutes

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Contents

1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS

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2.0 Biographical Sketches

2.1 Active U.S. Astronauts

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2.2 U.S. Management Astronauts

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2.3 NASA Astronaut Candidates

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2.4 FORMER ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS

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2.5 DECEASED ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS

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3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS

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4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR