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Astronaut Fact Book

The NASA Astronaut Fact Book provides information on the 360 explorers who have been selected as astronauts since NASA's first class in 1959.

Encyclopedia
Updated Nov 12, 2024
NASA spacewalker Frank Rubio during an orbital sunset
NASA spacewalker Frank Rubio is pictured during a spacewalk tethered to the International Space Station during an orbital sunset.

Preface

NASA selected the first group of astronauts in 1959. From 500 candidates having the required jet aircraft flight experience and engineering training, as well as height below 5 feet 11 inches, seven military men became the nation’s first astronauts. The second and third groups chosen included civilians with extensive flying experience. By 1964, requirements changed, and emphasis was placed on academic qualifications; in 1965, six scientist astronauts were selected from a group of 400 applicants who had a doctorate or equivalent experience in the natural sciences, medicine, or engineering. The group named in 1978, NASA Class 8, was the first of the space shuttle flight crews and the first class with women and minority astronauts. In 2013, the astronaut class was fifty percent women and fifty percent men.  

The most recent astronaut candidate group named in December 2021, NASA Class 23, graduated in March 2024 and are now training for a variety of missions, including performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and departing for missions to the Moon with Artemis. The 2021 astronaut candidate class came from more than 12,000 applications. More information about NASA’s astronauts can be found at www.nasa.gov/astronauts.  

Since inception, NASA has selected 360 astronaut candidates: 299 men, 61 women; 212 military, 138 civilians; 191 pilots, 159 non-pilots.  

As of November 2024, there are 47 active astronauts, 12 management astronauts, and 332 former astronauts or payload specialists, including those who have left NASA, and those who are deceased. 

The spaceflights and statistics listed in this publication resulted from the vertical takeoff of an American space vehicle or Soyuz taxi flight to the International Space Station. 

Astronauts listed (unless otherwise noted) are individuals who participated in the United States astronaut program. Additionally, the payload specialist is a professional in the physical or life sciences or a technician skilled in specific equipment or experimentation that will fly. Selection of a payload specialist for a mission is made by the payload sponsor or customer. For NASA-sponsored spacecraft or experiments requiring a payload specialist, the specialist is nominated by an investigator working group and approved by NASA. Payload specialists for major non-NASA payloads or experiments are selected by the sponsoring organization. Payload specialists do not have to be U.S. citizens. However, they must meet strict NASA health and physical fitness standards. These individuals are included in the “Biographical Sketches.” 

NASA selects astronauts from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds. From the thousands of applications received, only a few are chosen for the intensive astronaut candidate training program. For more information on astronaut selection, please check online at www.nasa.gov/astronauts for the latest information.  

Astronaut biographies can be found online at: https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts.

Astronaut biographies can be found online at: https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts  

Table of Contents

1.0 LIST OF U.S. ASTRONAUTS

NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Hammock Koch, and CSA astronaut Jeremy Hansen were announced Monday, April 3 as the four astronauts who will venture around the Moon on Artemis II, the first crewed mission on NASA’s path to establishing a long-term presence at the Moon for science and exploration through Artemis. The crew assignments are as follows: Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover, Mission Specialist 1 Christina Koch, Mission Specialist 2 Jeremy Hansen. PHOTOGRAPHER: Josh Valcarcel
Astronaut Entry Year  Group # of flights STATUS
Acaba, Joseph M. 2004 19 3 Management
Acton, Loren W. 1978 8 1 Former
Adamson, James C. 1984 10 2 Former
Akers, Thomas D. 1987 12 4 Former
Aldrin, Buzz 1963 3 2 Former
Allen, Andrew M. 1987 12 3 Former
Allen, Joseph P. 1967 6 2 Former
Altman, Scott D. 1995 15 4 Former
Anders, William A. 1963 3 1 Deceased
Anderson, Clayton C. 1998 17 2 Former
Anderson, Michael P. 1995 15 2 Deceased
Antonelli, Dominic A. 2000 18 2 Former
Apt, Jerome, III 1985 11 4 Former
Archambault, Lee J. 1998 17 2 Former
Armstrong, Neil A. 1962 2 2 Deceased
Arnold, Richard R., II 2004 19 2 Management
Ashby, Jeffrey S. 1995 15 3 Former
Auñón-Chancellor, Serena M. 2009 20 1 Management
Ayers, Nichole 2021 23 0 Active
Bagian, James P. 1980 9 2 Former
Baker, Ellen S. 1984 10 3 Former
Baker, Michael A. 1985 11 4 Former
Barratt, Michael R. 2000 18 3 Active
Barron, Kayla 2017 22 1 Active
Bartoe, John-David F. 1985 11 1 Former
Barry, Daniel T. 1992 14 3 Former
Bassett, Charles A., II 1963 3 0 Deceased
Bean, Alan L. 1963  3 2 Deceased
Behnken, Robert L. 2000 18 3 Former
Berríos, Marcos G. 2021 23 0 Active
Birch, M. Christina 2021 23 0 Active
Blaha, John E. 1980 9 5 Former
Bloomfield, Michael J. 1995 15 3 Former
Bluford, Guion S., Jr. 1978 8 4 Former
Bobko, Karol J. 1969 7 3 Deceased
Boe, Eric A. 2000 18 2 Active
Bolden, Charles F., Jr. 1080 9 4 Former
Borman, Frank 1962 2 2 Deceased
Bowen, Stephen G. 2000 18 4 Active
Bowersox, Kenneth D. 1987 12 5 Management
Brady, Charles E., Jr. 1992 14 1 Deceased
Brand, Vance D. 1966 5 4 Former
Brandenstein, Daniel C. 1978 8 4 Former
Bresnik, Randolph J. 2004 19 2 Active
Bridges, Roy D., Jr. 1980 9 1 Former
Brown, Curtis L., Jr. 1987 12 6 Former
Brown, David M. 1996 16 1 Deceased
Brown, Mark N. 1984 10 2 Former
Buchli, James F. 1978 8 4 Former
Burnham, Deniz M. 2021 23 0 Active
Bull, John S. 1966 5 0 Deceased
Burbank, Daniel C. 1996 16 3 Former
Bursch, Daniel W. 1990 13 4 Former
Cabana, Robert D. 1985 11 4 Former
Cagle, Yvonne D. 1996 16 0 Management
Caldeiro, Fernando 1996 16 0 Deceased
Camarda, Charles J. 1996 16 1 Former
Cameron, Kenneth D. 1984 10 3 Former
Cardman, Zena 2017 22 0 Active
Carey, Duane G. 1996 16 1 Former
Carpenter, M. Scott 1959 1 1 Deceased
Carr, Gerald P. 1966 5 1 Deceased
Carter, Manley Lanier, Jr. 1984 10 1 Deceased
Casper, John H. 1984 10 4 Former
Cassada, Josh A. 2013 21 1 Former
Cassidy, Christopher J. 2004 19 3 Former
Cernan, Eugene A. 1963 3 3 Deceased
Chaffee, Roger B. 1963 3 0 Deceased
Chamitoff, Gregory E. 1998 17 2 Former
Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. 1980 9 7 Former
Chapman, Philip K. 1967 6 0 Deceased
Chari, Raja 2017 22 1 Active
Chawla, Kalpana 1995 15 2 Deceased
Chiao, Leroy 1990 13 4 Former
Chilton, Kevin P. 1987 12 3 Former
Clark, Laurel B. 1996 16 1 Deceased
Cleave, Mary L. 1980 9 2 Deceased
Clifford, Michael R. 1990 13 3 Deceased
Coats, Michael L. 1978 8 3 Former
Cockrell, Kenneth D. 1990 13 5 Former
Coleman, Catherine G. 1992 14 3 Former
Collins, Eileen M. 1990 13 4 Former
Collins, Michael 1963 3 2 Deceased
Conrad, Charles, Jr. 1962 2 4 Deceased
Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr. 1959 1 2 Deceased
Covey, Richard O. 1978 8 4 Former
Creamer, Timothy J. 1998 17 1 Management
Creighton, John O. 1978 8 3 Former
Crippen, Robert L. 1969 7 4 Former
Culbertson, Frank L., Jr. 1984 10 3 Former
Cunningham, Walter 1963 3 1 Deceased
Curbeam, Robert L., Jr. 1995 15 3 Former
Currie-Gregg, Nancy J. 1990 13 4 Former
Davis, N. Jan 1987 12 3 Former
Delaney, Luke 2021 23 0 Active
Dominick, Matthew 2017 22 1 Active
Douglas, Andre 2021 23 0 Active
Drew, Alvin B., Jr. 2000 18 2 Management
Duffy, Brian 1985 11 4 Former
Duke, Charles M., Jr. 1966 5 1 Former
Dunbar, Bonnie J. 1980 9 5 Former
Dutton, James P., Jr. 2004 19 1 Former
Dyson, Tracy C. 1998 17 3 Active
Edwards, Joe F., Jr. 1995 15 1 Former
Eisele, Donn F. 1963 3 1 Deceased
England, Anthony W. 1967 6 1 Former
Engle, Joe H.  1966 5 2 Deceased
Epps, Jeanette J. 2009 20 1 Active
Evans, Ronald E., Jr. 1966 5 1 Deceased
Fabian, John M. 1978 8 2 Former
Ferguson, Christopher J. 1998 17 3 Former
Feustel, Andrew J. 2000 18 3 Former
Fincke, E. Michael 1996 16 3 Active
Fischer, Jack D. 2009 20 1 Former
Fisher, Anna L. 1978 8 1 Former
Fisher, William F. 1980 9 1 Former
Foale, C. Michael 1987 12 6 Former
Ford, Kevin A. 2000 18 2 Former
Foreman, Michael J. 1998 17 2 Former
Forrester, Patrick G. 1996 16 3 Former
Fossum, Michael E. 1998 17 3 Former
Freeman, Theodore C. 1963 3 0 Deceased
Frick, Stephen N. 1996 16 2 Former
Fullerton, Charles G. 1969 7 2 Deceased
Garan, Ronald J., Jr. 2000 18 2 Former
Gardner, Dale A. 1978 8 2 Deceased
Gardner, Guy S. 1980 9 2 Former
Garriott, Owen K. 1965 4 2 Deceased
Gemar, Charles D. 1985 11 3 Former
Gernhardt, Michael L. 1992 14 4 Former
Gibson, Edward G. 1965 4 1 Former
Gibson, Robert L. 1978 8 5 Former
Givens, Edward G., Jr. 1966 5 0 Deceased
Glenn, John H., Jr. 1959 1 2 Deceased
Glover, Victor J. 2013 21 1 Active
Godwin, Linda M. 1985 11 4 Former
Good, Michael T. 2000 18 2 Former
Gordon, Richard F., Jr. 1963 3 2 Deceased
Gorie, Dominic L. 1995 15 4 Former
Grabe, Ronald J. 1980 9 4 Former
Graveline, Duane E. 1965 4 0 Deceased
Gregory, Frederick D. 1978 8 3 Former
Gregory, William G. 1990 13 1 Former
Griggs, S. David 1978 8 1 Decased
Grissom, Virgil I. 1959 1 2 Deceased
Grunsfeld, John M. 1992 14 5 Former
Gutierrez, Sidney M. 1984 10 2 Former
Hague, Tyler N. 2013 21 2 Active
Haise, Fred W., Jr. 1966 5 1 Former
Halsell, James D., Jr. 1990 13 5 Former
Ham, Kenneth T. 1998 17 2 Former
Hammond, L. Blaine, Jr. 1984 10 2 Former
Harbaugh, Gregory J. 1987 12 4 Former
Harris, Bernard A., Jr. 1990 13 2 Former
Hart, Terry J. 1978 8 1 Former
Hartsfield, Henry W., Jr. 1969 7 3 Deceased
Hathaway, Jack 2021 23 0 Active
Hauck, Frederick H. 1978 8 3 Former
Hawley, Steven A. 1978 8 5 Former
Helms, Susan J. 1990 13 5 Former
Henize, Karl G. 1967 6 1 Deceased
Henricks, Terence T. 1985 11 4 Former
Hernandez, Jose M. 2004 19 1 Former
Herrington, John B. 1996 16 1 Former
Hieb, Richard J. 1985 11 3 Former
Higginbotham, Joan E. 1996 16 1 Former
Hilmers, David C. 1980 9 4 Former
Hines, Robert T. 2017 22 1 Active
Hire, Kathryn P. 1995 15 2 Former
Hobaugh, Charles O. 1996 16 3 Former
Hoburg, Warren 2017 22 1 Active
Hoffman, Jeffrey A. 1978 8 5 Former
Holmquest, Donald L. 1967 6 0 Former
Hopkins, Michael S. 2009 20 2 Former
Horowitz, Scott J. 1992 14 4 Former
Hurley, Douglas G. 2000 18 3 Former
Husband, Rick D. 1995 15 2 Deceased
Irwin, James B. 1966 5 1 Deceased
Ivins, Marsha S. 1984 10 5 Former
Jemison, Mae C. 1987 12 1 Former
Jernigan, Tamara E. 1985 11 5 Former
Jett, Brent W. 1992 14 4 Former
Johnson, Gregory C. 1998 17 1 Former
Johnson, Gregory H. 1998 17 2 Former
Jones, Thomas D. 1990 13 4 Former
Kavandi, Janet L. 1995 15 3 Former
Kelly, James M. 1996 16 2 Management
Kelly, Mark E. 1996 16 4 Former
Kelly, Scott J. 1996 16 3 Former
Kerwin, Joseph P. 1965 4 1 Former
Kilrain (Still), Susan L. 1995 15 2 Former
Kim, Jonny 2017 22 0 Active
Kimbrough, Robert Shane 2004 19 3 Former
Koch, Christina Hammock 2013 21 1 Active
Kopra, Timothy L. 2000 18 1 Former
Kregel, Kevin R. 1992 14 4 Former
Lawrence, Wendy B. 1992 14 4 Former
Lee, Mark C. 1984 10 4 Former
Leestma, David C. 1980 9 3 Former
Lenoir, William B. 1967 6 1 Deceased
Lind, Don L. 1966 5 1 Deceased
Lindgren, Kjell N. 2009 20 2 Active
Lindsey, Steven W. 1995 15 5 Former
Linenger, Jerry M. 1992 14 2 Former
Linnehan, Richard M. 1992 14 4 Management
Llewellyn, John A. 1967 6 0 Deceased
Lockhart, Paul S. 1996 16 2 Former
Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. 1992 14 3 Former
Loria, Christopher J. 1996 16 0 Former
Lounge, J. Mike 1980 9 3 Deceased
Lousma, Jack R. 1966 5 2 Former
Love, Stanley G. 1998 17 1 Management
Lovell, James A., Jr. 1962 2 4 Former
Low, G. David 1984 10 3 Deceased
Lu, Edward T. 1995 15 3 Former
Lucid, Shannon W. 1978 8 5 Former
Magnus, Sandra H. 1996 16 3 Former
Mann, Nicole Aunapu 2013 21 1 Active
Marshburn, Thomas H. 2004 19 3 Former
Massimino, Michael J. 1996 16 2 Former
Mastracchio, Richard A. 1996 16 3 Former
Mattingly, Thomas K., II 1966 5 3 Deceased
McArthur, K. Megan 2000 18 2 Active
McArthur, William S., Jr. 1990 3 4 Former
McBride, Jon A. 1978 8 1 Former
McCandless, Bruce, II 1966 5 2 Deceased
McClain, Anne C. 2013 21 1 Active
McCool, William C. 1996 16 1 Deceased
McCulley, Michael J. 1984 10 1 Former
McDivitt, James A. 1984 2 2 Deceased
McMonagle, Donald R. 1987 12 3 Former
McNair, Ronald E. 1978 8 1 Deceased
Meade, Carl J. 1985 11 3 Former
Meir, Jessica U. 2013 21 1 Active
Melnick, Bruce E. 1987 12 2 Former
Melroy, Pamela A. 1995 15 3 Management
Melvin, Leland D. 1998 17 2 Former
Menon, Anil S. 2021 23 0 Active
Metcalf-Lindenburger, Dorothy 2004 19 1 Former
Michel, F. Curtis 1965 4 0 Deceased
Mitchell, Edgar D. 1966 5 1 Deceased
Moghbeli, Jasmin 2017 22 1 Active
Morgan, Andrew R. 2013 21 1 Active
Morgan, Barbara R. 1998 17 1 Former
Morin, Lee M. 1996 16 1 Management
Mullane, Richard M. 1978 8 3 Former
Musgrave, Story 1967 6 6 Former
Nagel, Steven R. 1978 8 4 Deceased
Nelson, George D. 1978 8 3 Former
Newman, James H. 1990 13 4 Former
Noriega, Carlos I. 1995 15 2 Former
Nowak, Lisa M. 1996 16 1 Former
Nyberg, Karen L. 2000 18 1 Former
O’Connor, Bryan D. 1980 9 2 Former
O’Hara, Loral 2017 22 1 Active
O’Leary, Brian T. 1967 6 0 Deceased
Ochoa, Ellen 1990 13 4 Former
Oefelein, William A. 1998 17 1 Former
Olivas, John D. 1998 17 2 Former
Onizuka, Ellison S. 1978 8 1 Deceased
Oswald, Stephen S. 1985 11 3 Former
Overmyer, Robert F. 1969 7 2 Deceased
Parazynski, Scott E. 1992 14 5 Former
Parker, Robert A. 1967 6 2 Former
Patrick, Nicholas J.M. 1998 17 2 Former
Peterson, Donald H. 1969 7 1 Deceased
Pettit, Donald R. 1996 16 3 Active
Phillips, John L. 1996 16 3 Former
Pogue, William R. 1966 5 1 Deceased
Poindexter, Alan G. 1998 17 2 Deceased
Polansky, Mark L. 1996 16 3 Former
Precourt, Charles J. 1990 13 4 Former
Readdy, WIlliam F. 1987 12 3 Former
Reightler, Kenneth S., Jr. 1987 12 2 Former
Reilly, James F., II 1995 15 3 Former
Reisman, Garrett E. 1998 17 2 Former
Resnik, Judith A. 1978 8 1 Deceased
Richards, Paul W. 1996 16 1 Former
Richards, Richard N. 1980 9 4 Former
Ride, Sally K. 1978 8 2 Deceased
Robertson, Patricia Hilliard 1998 17 0 Deceased
Robinson, Stephen K. 1995 15 4 Former
Rominger, Kent V. 1992 14 5 Former
Roosa, Stuart A. 1966 5 1 Deceased
Ross, Jerry L. 1980 9 7 Former
Rubins, Kathleen (Kate) 2009 20 2 Active
Rubio, Frank 2017 22 1 Active
Runco, Mario, Jr. 1987 12 3 Former
Satcher, Robert L., Jr. 2004 19 1 Former
Schirra, Walter M., Jr. 1959 1 3 Deceased
Schmitt, Harrison H. 1965 4 1 Former
Schweickart, Russell L. 1963 3 1 Former
Scobee, Francis R. 1978 8 1 Deceased
Scott, David R. 1963 3 3 Former
Scott, Winston E. 1992 14 2 Former
Searfoss, Richard A. 1990 13 3 Deceased
Seddon, Margaret Rhea 1978 8 3 Former
See, Elliot M., Jr. 1962 2 0 Deceased
Sega, Ronald M. 1990 13 2 Former
Sellers, Piers J. 1996 16 3 Deceased
Shaw, Brewster H., Jr. 1978 8 3 Former
Shepard, Alan B., Jr. 1959 1 2 Deceased
Shepherd, William M. 1984 10 4 Former
Shriver, Loren J. 1978 8 3 Former
Slayton, Donald K. 1959 1 1 Deceased
Smith, Michael J. 1980 9 0 Deceased
Smith, Steven L. 1992 14 4 Former
Spring, Sherwood C. 1980 9 1 Former
Springer, Robert C. 1980 9 2 Former
Stafford, Thomas P. 1962 2 4 Former
Stefanyshyn-Piper, H. M. 1996 16 2 Former
Stewert, Robert L. 1978 8 2 Former
Scott, Nicole P. 2000 18 2 Former
Sturckow, Frederick W. 1995 15 4 Former
Sullivan, Kathryn D. 1978 8 3 Former
Swanson, Steven R. 1998 17 2 Former
Swigert, John L., Jr. 1966 5 1 Deceased
Tani, Daniel M. 1996 16 2 Former
Tanner, Joseph R. 1992 14 4 Former
Thagard, Norman E. 1978 8 5 Former
Thomas, Andrew S. W. 1992 14 4 Former
Thomas, Donald A. 1990 13 4 Former
Thorne, Stephen D. 1985 11 0 Deceased
Thornton, Kathryne D. 1984 10 4 Former
Thornton, William E. 1967 6 2 Deceased
Thuot, Pierre J. 1985 11 3 Former
Tingle, Scott D. 2009 20 1 Active
Truly, Richard H. 1969 7 2 Former
Van Hoften, James D. 1978 8 2 Former
Vande Hei, Mark T. 2009 20 2 Active
Veach, Charles Lacy 1984 10 2 Deceased
Virts, Terry W., Jr. 2000 18 1 Former
Voss, James S. 1987 12 5 Former
Voss, Janice E. 1990 13 5 Deceased
Walheim, Rex J. 1996 16 3 Former
Walker, David M. 1978 8 4 Deceased
Walker, Shannon 2004 19 2 Active
Walz, Carl E. 1990 13 4 Former
Watkins, Jessica 2017 22 1 Active
Weber, Mary E. 1992 14 2 Former
Weitz, Paul J. 1966 5 2 Deceased
Wetherbee, James D. 1984 10 6 Former
Wheelock, Douglas H. 1998 17 2 Active
White, Edward H., II 1962 2 1 Deceased
Whitson, Peggy A. 1996 16 2 Former
Wilcutt, Terrence W. 1990 13 4 Former
Williams, Christopher L. 2021 23 0 Active
Williams, Clifton C., Jr. 1963 3 0 Deceased
Williams, Donald E. 1978 8 2 Deceased
Williams, Jeffery N. 1996 16 4 Former
Williams, Sunita L. 1998 17 3 Active
Wilmore, Barry E. 2000 18 3 Active
Wilson, Stephanie D. 1996 16 3 Active
Wiseman, G. Reid 2009 20 1 Active
Wisoff, Peter J. k. 1990 13 4 Former
Wittner, Jessica A. 2021 23 0 Active
Wolf, David A. 1990 13 3 Former
Woodward, Neil W., III 1998 17 0 Former
Worden, Alfred M. 1966 5 1 Deceased
Young, John W. 1962 2 6 Deceased
Zamka, George D. 1998 17 2 Former

2.0 Biographical Sketches

2.1 Active U.S. Astronauts

NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Jessica Watkins, and Bob Hines
NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Jessica Watkins, and Bob Hines are pictured looking out the SpaceX Dragon Freedom spacecraft’s windows.

***There are 38 active NASA astronauts as of Oct. 2023***

  • AYERS, V. Nichole, Major, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born ,1989, in San Diego, Cal.; hometown: Divide, Colorado  
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics with a minor in Russian from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in computational and applied mathematics from Rice University 
    • Total time in space: 0 
  • BARRATT, Michael R., M.D.
    • Born April 16, 1959, in Vancouver, Wash.; hometown: Camas, Wash.
    • Bachelor of Science in Zoology from University of Washington
    • Doctor of Medicine from Northwestern University
    • Master of Science in Aerospace Medicine from Wright State University
    • Expedition 19/20 on Soyuz in 2009
    • STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
    • Crew-8 and Expedition 71 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in March 2024
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 5 hours, 37 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 447 days
  • BARRON, Kayla J., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
    • Born Sept. 19, 1987, in Pocatello, Idaho; hometown: Richland, Wash.
    • Bachelor of Science in Systems Engineering from U.S. Naval Academy
    • Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from University of Cambridge
    • Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022
    • 2 spacewalks: 13 hours, 26 minutes
    • Total time in space: 177 days
  • BERRIOS, G. Marcos, Ph.D., Major, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born, 1984 Fort Campbell, TN.; hometown: Guaynabo, Puerto Rico 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering 
    • Doctorate in aeronautics from Stanford University  
    • U.S. Naval Test Pilot School  
    • Total time in space: 0
  • BIRCH, M. Christina, Ph.D.  
    • Born Nov.17, 1986, in Mesa, Ariz.; hometown: Gilbert, Arizona 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics from University of Arizona 
    • Bachelor of Science in biochemistry and molecular biophysics with a minor in Spanish from University of Arizona 
    • Doctorate in biological engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Total time in space: 0
  • BOE, Eric A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born Oct. 1, 1964, in Miami, Fla.; hometown: Atlanta, Ga.
    • Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
    • Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology
    • STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
    • STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
    • Total time in space: 28 days
  • BOWEN, Stephen G., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
    • Born Feb. 13, 1964, in Cohasset, Mass.; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
    • Master of Science in Ocean Engineering from MIT
    • STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
    • STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010
    • STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
    • Crew-6 and Expedition 69 on crew Dragon Endeavour in 2023 
    • 10 spacewalks for a total time of 65 hours, 57 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 227 days
  • BRESNIK, Randolph J., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps
    • Born Sept.11, 1967, in Fort Knox, Ky.; hometown: Santa Monica, Calif.
    • Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics from The Citadel
    • Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville
    • Graduate of Air War College
    • STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
    • Expedition 52/53 on Soyuz in 2017
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours
    • Total time in space: 149 days
  • BURNHAM, M. Deniz, Lieutenant, U.S. Navy 
    • Born in 1985 at Incirlik Air Base in Turkey; home: Wasilla, Alaska 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from University of California 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from University of Southern California 
    • Total time in space: 0
  • CARDMAN, Zena M.
    • Born Oct. 26, 1987, in Urbana, Ill.; hometown: Williamsburg, Va.
    • Bachelor of Science in Biology from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
    • Master of Science in Marine Sciences from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
    • Total time in space: 0
  • CHARI, Raja J.V., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
    • Born June 24, 1977, in Milwaukee, Wis.; hometown: Cedar Falls, Iowa
    • Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy
    • Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from MIT
    • Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022
    • 2 spacewalks for a total of 13 hours and 8 minutes
    • Total time in space: 177 days
  • DELANEY, Luke, Major, U.S. Marine Corps, (retired) 
    • Born in 1979 Miami FL.; hometown: DeBary, Florida 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from University of North Florida 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Total time in space: 0
  • DOMINICK, Matthew S., Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy
    • Born Dec. 7, 1981, in Wheat Ridge, Colo.; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from University of San Diego
    • Master of Systems Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School
    • Crew-8 and Expedition 71 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in March 2024
    • Total time in space: 235 days
  • DOUGLAS, Andre, Ph.D.  
    • Born 1986 in Miami FL.; hometown: Chesapeake, Virginia 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from U.S. Coast Guard Academy 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from University of Michigan 
    • Master of Science in naval architecture and marine engineering from University of Michigan 
    • Master of Science in electrical and computer engineering from John Hopkins University 
    • Doctorate in systems engineering from George Washington University 
    • Total time in space: 0 
  • DYSON, Tracy C., Ph.D. 
    • Born Aug. 14, 1969, in Arcadia, Calif.; hometown: same  
    • Bachelor of Science in chemistry from California State University-Fullerton 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physical chemistry from the University of California-Davis 
    • STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007 
    • Expedition 23/24 on Soyuz in 2010 
    • Expedition 71/72 on Soyuz in 2024 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 23 hours, 20 minutes
    • Total time in space: 373 days 
  • EPPS, Jeanette J., Ph.D.
    • Born Nov. 3, 1970, in Syracuse, N.Y.; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in Physics from LeMoyne College
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering from University of Maryland
    • Crew-8 and Expedition 71 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in Feb 2024 
    • Total time in space: 235 days
  • FINCKE, Edward M. “Mike,” Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born March 14, 1967, in Pittsburgh, Pa; hometown: Emsworth, Pa.
    • Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT
    • Bachelor of Science in Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences from MIT
    • Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University
    • Master of Science in Physical Sciences (Planetary Geology) from University of Houston-Clear Lake
    • Expedition 9 on Soyuz in 2004
    • Expedition 18 on Soyuz in 2008
    • STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011
    • 9 spacewalks for a total time of 48 hours, 36 minutes
    • Total time in space: 381 days
  • GLOVER, Victor J., Commander, U.S. Navy
    • Born April 30, 1976, in Pomona, Calif.; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in General Engineering from California Polytechnic State University
    • Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from Air University
    • Master of Science in Systems Engineering from Naval Post Graduate School
    • Master of Military Operational Art and Science from Air University
    • Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020-2021
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 7 minutes
    • Total time in space: 167 days
  • HAGUE, Tyler N. “Nick”, Colonel, U.S. Space Force
    • Born Sept. 24, 1975, in Belleville, Kan.; hometown: Hoxie, Kan.
    • Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy
    • Master of Science in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Expedition 59/60 on Soyuz in 2019
    • Crew-9 and Expedition 72 in September 2024
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 56 minutes
    • Total time in space: 202 days
  • HATHAWAY, Jack, Commander, U.S. Navy  
    • Born 1982 in South Windsor, Connecticut 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics and history from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in flight dynamics from Cranfield University  
    • Master of Science in national security and strategic studies from U.S. Naval War College 
    • Empire Test Pilot School 
    • Total time in space: 0 
  • HINES, Robert “Bob” T., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
    • Born Jan. 11, 1975, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: Harrisburg, Pa.
    • Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Boston University
    • Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering from U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School
    • Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama
    • Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022
    • Total time in space: Mission ongoing
  • HOBURG, Warren “Woody” W., Ph.D.
    • Born Sept. 16, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.; hometown: same  
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautics and stronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Doctorate in electrical engineering and computer science from University of California, Berkeley 
    • Crew-6 and Expedition 69 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2023 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total of 11 hours and 38 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 186 days 
  • KIM, Jonny Y., M.D., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
    • Born Feb. 5, 1984, in Los Angeles; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from University of San Diego
    • Doctor of Medicine from Harvard Medical School
    • Total time in space: 0
  • KOCH, Christina H. 
    • Born Jan. 29, 1979, in Grand Rapids, Mich.; hometown: Jacksonville, N.C. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from North Carolina State University  
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from North Carolina State University  
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from North Carolina State University  
    • Expedition 59/60/61 on Soyuz in 2019-2020 
    • 6 spacewalks for a total time of 42 hours, 15 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 328 days 
  • LINDGREN, Kjell N., M.D. 
    • Born Jan. 23, 1973, in Taipei, Taiwan; home country: England 
    • Bachelor of Science in biology from the U.S. Air Force Academy  
    • Master of Science in cardiovascular physiology from Colorado State University 
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of Colorado 
    • National Library of Medicine Post-Doctoral Fellowship and Master of health informatics from University of Minnesota 
    • Master of public health from University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston  
    • Board-certified in emergency medicine and aerospace medicine 
    • Expedition 44/45 on Soyuz in 2015 
    • Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022  
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 4 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 311 days 
  • MANN, Nicole A., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps 
    • Born June 27, 1977, in Petaluma, Calif.; hometown: same 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering with specialty in fluid mechanics from Stanford University 
    • Crew-5 and Expedition 68 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2022-2023 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total of 14 hours and 2 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 157 days
  • McARTHUR, Megan K., Ph.D. 
    • Born Aug. 30, 1971, in Honolulu, Hawaii; home state: California 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of California- Los Angeles 
    • Doctor of philosophy in oceanography from the University of California-San Diego 
    • STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009 
    • Crew-2 and Expedition 65/66 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2021 
    • Total time in space: 212 days 
  • MCCLAIN, Anne C., Colonel, U.S. Army 
    • Born June 7, 1979, in Spokane, Wash.; hometown: same  
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical/aeronautical engineering from  
    • U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Bath (England) 
    • Master of Science in international relations from University of Bristol (England) 
    • Master of Science in strategic studies from the U.S. Army War College 
    • Expedition 58/59 in 2018-2019 
    • 2 spacewalks for total time of 13 hours, 8 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 204 days 
  • MEIR, Jessica U., Ph.D. 
    • Born July 1, 1977, in Caribou, Maine; hometown: same  
    • Bachelor of Arts in biology from Brown University 
    • Master of Science in space studies from International Space University (France) 
    • Doctorate in marine biology from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography 
    • Expedition 61/62 on Soyuz in 2019-2020 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 44 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 205 days
  • MENON, S. Anil, M.D., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
    • Born Oct. 15, 1976 in Minneapolis, Minnesota 
    • Bachelor of Science in neurobiology from Harvard University  
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Stanford University  
    • Doctor of Medicine, Stanford Medical School   
    • Residency of emergency medicine, Stanford University 
    • Fellowship in wilderness medicine, Stanford University 
    • Residency in aerospace medicine from University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston  
    • Master of Science in public health from University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston 
    • Total time in space: 0
  • MOGHBELI, Jasmin, Major, U.S. Marine Corps 
    • Born June 24, 1983, in Bad Nauheim, Germany; hometown: Baldwin, N.Y.  
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering with information technology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Crew-7 and Expedition 69/70 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2023-2024 
    • Total time in space: 197 days 
  • MORGAN, Andrew “Drew” R., M.D., Colonel, U.S. Army
    • Born Feb. 5, 1976, in Morgantown, W.Va.; hometown: New Castle, Pa.  
    • Bachelor of Science in environmental engineering from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Doctorate in medicine from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 
    • Expedition 60/61/62 on Soyuz in 2019-2020 
    • 7 spacewalks for a total time of 45 hours, 48 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 272 days
  • O’HARA, Loral 
    • Born May 3, 1983, in Houston; hometown: Sugarland, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Kansas 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics and astronautics from Purdue University 
    • Expedition 70 on Soyuz in 2023 
    • Total time in space: 204 days
  • PETTIT, Donald R., Ph.D. 
    • Born April 20, 1955, in Silverton, Ore.; hometown: same 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Oregon State University 
    • Doctorate in chemical engineering from University of Arizona 
    • Expedition 6 on Soyuz in 2003 
    • STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008 
    • Expedition 30/31 on Soyuz in 2012 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 17 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 369 days 
  • RUBINS, Kathleen “Kate,” Ph.D. 
    • Born Oct. 14, 1978, in Farmington, Conn.; hometown: Napa, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in molecular biology from the University of California-San Diego 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in cancer biology from Stanford University Medical School 
    • Expedition 48/49 on Soyuz in 2016 
    • Expedition 63/64 on Soyuz in 2020-2021 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 46 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 300 days
  • RUBIO, Frank, M.D., Major, U.S. Army
    • Born Dec. 11, 1976, in Los Angeles, Calif.; hometown: Miami, Fla.  
    • Bachelor’s in international relations from the United States Military Academy  
    • Doctor of Medicine from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 
    • Expedition 68/69 on Soyuz in 2022-2023 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total of 21 hours and 24 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 371 days 
  • TINGLE, Scott D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
    • Born July 19, 1965, in Attleboro, Mass.; hometown: Randolph, Mass.
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Southeastern Massachusetts University 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering with specialty in fluid mechanics and propulsion from Purdue University 
    • Expedition 54/55 on Soyuz in 2017-2018 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 7 hours, 24 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 168 days 
  • VANDE HEI, Mark T., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 10, 1966, in Falls Church, Va.; hometown: Chanhassen, Minn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Saint John’s University 
    • Master of Science in applied physics from Stanford University 
    • Expedition 53/54 on Soyuz in 2017-2018 
    • Expedition 65/66 on Soyuz in 2021-2022 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 42 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 523 days
  • WALKER, Shannon, Ph.D. 
    • Born June 4, 1965, in Houston, Texas; hometown: same 
    • Bachelor of Arts, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy in space physics from Rice University 
    • Expedition 24/25 on Soyuz in 2010 
    • Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020-2021 
    • Total time in space: 331 days
  • WATKINS, Jessica, Ph.D. 
    • Born May 5, 1988, in Gaithersburg, Md.; hometown: Lafayette, Colo.
    • Bachelor of Science in geological and environmental sciences from Stanford University 
    • Doctorate in geology from the University of California, Los Angeles 
    • Crew-4 and Expedition 67/68 on Crew Dragon Freedom in 2022 
    • Total time in space: 170 days 
  • WHEELOCK, Douglas H., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born May 5, 1960, in Binghamton, N.Y.; hometown: Windsor, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in applied science and engineering 
    • from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007 
    • Expeditions 24/25 on Soyuz in 2010 
    • 6 spacewalks for a total time of 43 hours, 30 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 178 days
  • WILLIAMS, L. Christopher, Ph.D.  
    • Born 1983 in New York City, NY.; hometown: Potomac, Maryland 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Stanford University  
    • Doctorate in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Residency Training at Harvard Medical Residency Program  
    • Total time in space: 0 
  • WILLIAMS, Sunita “Suni” L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
    • Born Sept. 19, 1965, in Euclid, Ohio; hometown: Needham, Mass.  
    • Bachelor of Science in physical science from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in engineering management from Florida Institute of Technology 
    • Expedition 14/15: Launched on STS-116 Space Shuttle Discovery & Landed on STS-117 Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007 
    • Expedition 32/33 on Soyuz in 2012 
    • Boeing CFT in June 2024 
    • 7 spacewalks for a total time of 50 hours, 40 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 321 days
  • WILMORE, Barry “Butch” E., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Dec. 29, 1962, in Murfreesboro, Tenn.; hometown: Mount Juliet, Tenn. 
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in electrical engineering from  
    • Tennessee Technological University 
    • Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee 
    • STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009  
    • Expedition 41/42 on Soyuz in 2014-2015 
    • Boeing CFT in June 2024 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 36 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 178 days
  • WILSON, Stephanie D. 
    • Born Sept. 27, 1966, in Boston, Mass.; hometown: Pittsfield, Mass. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering science from Harvard University 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas 
    • STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007 
    • STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010 
    • Total time in space: 42 days
  • WISEMAN, G. Reid, Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Nov. 11, 1975; hometown: Baltimore, Md. 
    • Bachelor of Science in computer & systems engineering from  
    • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y 
    • Master of Science in systems engineering from Johns Hopkins University 
    • Expedition 40/41 on Soyuz in 2013-2014 
    • 2 spacewalks for total time of 12 hours, 47 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 165 days 
  • WITTNER, A. Jessica, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy 
    • Born 1983 Fresno, CA.; hometown: Clovis, California 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Arizona  
    • U.S. Naval Test Pilot School  
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from U.S. Naval Post Graduate School  
    • Naval Command and staff graduate from U.S. Naval War College  
    • Total time in space: 0

2.2 U.S. Management Astronauts

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, left, NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, and NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana, right, pose for a group photograph.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, left, NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, and NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana, right, pose for a group photograph, Monday, Feb. 28, 2022, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
  • ACABA, Joseph M.
    • Educator astronaut 
    • Born May 17, 1967, in Inglewood, Calif.; hometown: Anaheim, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in geology from the University of California-Santa Barbara 
    • Master of Science in geology from University of Arizona 
    • STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 
    • Expedition 31/32 on Soyuz in 2012  
    • Expeditions 53/54 on Soyuz in 2018 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 46 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 306 days
  • ARNOLD, Richard R., II
    • Educator astronaut
    • Born Nov. 26, 1963, in Cheverly, Md.; hometown: Bowie, Md.
    • Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Frostburg State University
    • Master of Science in Marine, Estuarine and Environmental Science from University of Maryland
    • STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
    • Expedition 55/56 on Soyuz in 2018
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 4 minutes
    • Total time in space: 209 days
  • AUÑÓN-CHANCELLOR, Serena M., M.D.
    • Born April 9, 1976, in Indianapolis, Ind.; hometown: Fort Collins, Colo.
    • Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of Texas – Health Science Center in Houston
    • Expedition 56/57 on Soyuz in 2018
    • Total time in space: 197 days
  • BOWERSOX, Kenneth D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
    • Born Nov. 14, 1956, in Portsmouth, Va.; hometown: Bedford, Ind.
    • Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy
    • Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University
    • STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
    • STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
    • STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995
    • STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997
    • Expedition 6: STS-113 Endeavour (up) in 2002 and Soyuz (down) in 2003
    • 2 spacewalks with total time of 13 hours, 17 minutes
    • Total time in space: 211 days
  • CAGLE, Yvonne D., M.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born April 24, 1959, in West Point, N.Y.; hometown: Novato, Calif.
    • Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry from San Francisco State University
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of Washington
    • Certified senior aviation medical examiner from FAA
    • Total time in space: 0
  • CREAMER, Timothy J. “T.J.”, Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
    • Born Nov. 15, 1959, in Fort Huachuca, Ariz.; hometown: Upper Marlboro, Md.
    • Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Loyola College
    • Master of Science in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Expedition 22/23 on Soyuz in 2010
    • Total time in space: 163 days
  • DREW, B. Alvin, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born Nov. 5, 1962, in Washington, D.C.; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering and Physics from the U.S. Air Force Academy
    • Master of Aerospace Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
    • Master of Strategic Studies in Political Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
    • STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007
    • STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 48 minutes
    • Total time in space: 25 days
  • KELLY, James “Jim” M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born May 14, 1964, in Burlington, Iowa; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in Astronautical Engineering from U.S. Air Force Academy
    • Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Alabama
    • STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
    • STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005
    • Total time in space: 26 days
  • LINNEHAN, Richard M., B.S., D.V.M., MPA
    • Born Sept. 19, 1957, in Lowell Mass.; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in Animal Sciences (minor in microbiology) from University of New Hampshire
    • Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine
    • Master of Public Administration from The Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
    • STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
    • STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998
    • STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
    • STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
    • 6 spacewalks for a total time of 42 hours, 12 minutes
    • Total time in space: 59 days
  • LOVE, Stanley G., Ph.D.
    • Born June 8, 1965, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: Eugene, Ore.
    • Bachelor of Science in Physics from Harvey Mudd College
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Astronomy from University of Washington
    • STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 23 minutes
    • Total time in space: 12 days
  • MELROY, Pamela A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born Sept 17, 1961, in Palo Alto, Calif.; hometown Rochester, N.Y.
    • Bachelor of Science in Physics & Astronomy from Wellesley College
    • Master of Science in Earth and Planetary Sciences from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000
    • STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
    • STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007
    • Total time in space: 38 days
  • MORIN, Lee M., M.D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
    • Born Sept. 9, 1952, in Manchester, N.H.; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in Mathematical/Electrical Science from the University of New Hampshire
    • Master of Science in Biochemistry from New York University
    • Doctor of Medicine from New York University
    • Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology from New York University
    • Master of Public Health from the University of Alabama at Birmingham
    • Master of Physics from University of Houston-Clear Lake
    • STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 14 hours, 7 minutes
    • Total time in space: 10 days

2.3 NASA Astronaut Candidates

NASA 2021 Astronaut Candidate Announcement at Ellington Field
NASA 2021 Astronaut Candidate Announcement at Ellington Field. Photo Date: December 6, 2021. Location: Ellington Field – Hangar 135. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

2.4 FORMER ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS

AS16-113-18339 (21 April 1972) — Astronaut John W. Young, commander of the Apollo 16 lunar landing mission, leaps from the lunar surface as he salutes the United States flag at the Descartes landing site during the first Apollo 16 extravehicular activity (EVA). Astronaut Charles M. Duke Jr., lunar module pilot, took this picture. The Lunar Module (LM) “Orion” is on the left. The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is parked beside the LM. The object behind Young (in the shade of the LM) is the Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph (FUC/S). Stone Mountain dominates the background in this lunar scene. While astronauts Young and Duke descended in the LM to explore the Descartes highlands landing site on the moon, astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) “Casper” in lunar orbit.
  • ACTON, Loren W., Ph.D.
    • Payload specialist
    • Born March 7, 1936, in Lewiston, Mont.
    • Bachelor of Science from Montana State University
    • Doctorate from the University of Colorado
    • STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
    • Total time in space: 7 days
  • ADAMSON, James C., Colonel, U. S. Army (retired)
    • Born March 3, 1946, in Warsaw, N.Y.
    • Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
    • Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Princeton University
    • Graduate of the Navy Test Pilot School
    • STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989
    • STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
    • Total time in space: 13 days
  • AKERS, Thomas D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born May 20, 1951, in St. Louis, Mo.; hometown: Eminence, Mo.
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in Applied Mathematics from the Missouri University of Science and Technology
    • STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990
    • STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
    • STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993
    • STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 29 hours, 40 minutes
    • Total time in space: 33 days
  • ALDRIN, Buzz, Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born January 20, 1930, in Montclair, N.J.
    • Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the U.S. Military Academy
    • Doctor of Science in Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Gemini 12 in 1966
    • Apollo 11 in 1969
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 4 hours, 41 minutes
    • Total time in space: 12 days
  • ALLEN, Andrew M., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired)
    • Born Aug. 4, 1955, in Philadelphia, Pa.
    • Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Villanova University
    • Master’s in Business Administration from the University of Florida
    • STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992
    • STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994
    • STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996
    • Total time in space: 37 days
  • ALLEN, Joseph P., Ph.D.
    • Born June 27, 1937, in Crawfordsville, Ind.
    • Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and Physics from DePauw University
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Yale University
    • STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982
    • STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 42 minutes
    • Total time in space: 13 days
  • ALTMAN, Scott D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
    • Born Aug. 15, 1959, in Lincoln, Ill.
    • Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical & Astronautical engineering from the University of Illinois
    • Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
    • STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998
    • STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000
    • STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002
    • STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009
    • Total time in space: 51 days
  • ANDERSON, Clayton C.
    • Born Feb. 23, 1959, in Omaha, Neb.;
    • hometown: Ashland, Neb. Bachelor of Science in Physics from Hastings College
    • Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Iowa State University
    • Expedition 15: STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2007
    • STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010
    • 6 spacewalks for a total time of 38 hours, 28 minutes
    • Total time in space: 166 days
  • ANTONELLI, Dominic A., Commander, U.S. Navy
    • Born August 23, 1967, in Detroit, Mich.
    • Bachelor of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics from University of Washington
    • STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
    • STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010
    • Total time in space: 24 days
  • APT, Jerome, Ph.D.
    • Born April 18, 1949, in Springfield, Mass.; hometown: Pittsburgh, Pa.
    • Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Harvard College
    • Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
    • STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992
    • STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
    • STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 13 minutes
    • Total time in space: 35 days
  • ARCHAMBAULT, Lee J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born Aug. 25, 1960, in Oak Park, Ill.; hometown: Bellwood, Ill.
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in aeronautical/astronautical engineering from the University of Illinois-Urbana
    • STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
    • STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
    • Total time in space: 26 days
  • ASHBY, Jeffrey S., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
    • Born June 16, 1954, in Dallas, Texas; hometown: Evergreen, Colo.
    • Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Idaho
    • Master of Science in Aviation Systems from the University of Tennessee
    • Graduate of the Naval Test Pilot School
    • Graduate of the Naval Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun)
    • STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999
    • STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001
    • STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002
    • Total time in space: 27 days
  • BAGIAN, James P., M.D.
    • Born Feb. 22, 1952, in Philadelphia, Pa.
    • Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University
    • Doctor of Medicine from Thomas Jefferson University
    • STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
    • STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991
    • Total time in space: 14 days
  • BAKER, Ellen S., M.D.
    • Born April 27, 1953, in Fayetteville, N.C.; hometown: New York, N.Y.
    • Bachelor of Arts in Geology from the State University of New York – Buffalo
    • Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University
    • Master of Public Health from the University of Texas
    • STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989
    • STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
    • STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995
    • Total time in space: 28 days
  • BAKER, Michael A., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired)
    • Born Oct. 27, 1953, in Memphis, Tenn.; hometown: Lemoore, Calif.
    • Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas
    • STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
    • STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992
    • STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994
    • STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997
    • Total time in space: 40 days
  • BARRY, Daniel T, M.D., Ph.D.
    • Born Dec. 30, 1953, in Norwalk, Conn.; hometown: South Hadley, Mass.
    • Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University
    • Master of Engineering from Princeton University
    • Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering/computer science from Princeton University
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of Miami
    • STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996
    • STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999
    • STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 49 minutes
    • Total time in space: 30 days
  • BARTOE, John-David F., Ph.D.
    • Payload Specialist
    • Born Nov. 17, 1944, in Abington, Pa.
    • Bachelor of Science in Physics from Lehigh University
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy of Physics from Georgetown University
    • SS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985
    • Total time in space: 7 days
  • BEHNKEN, Robert L., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force
    • Born July 28, 1970, in Creve Coeur, Mo.; hometown: St. Ann, Mo.
    • Bachelor of Science in Physics and Mechanical Engineering from Washington University
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from California Institute of Technology
    • STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008
    • STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010
    • Demo-2 and Expedition 63 on Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2020
    • 10 spacewalks for a total time of 61 hours, 10 minutes
    • Total time in space: 63 days
  • BLAHA, John E., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired)
    • Born Aug. 26, 1942, in San Antonio, Texas
    • Bachelor of Science in Engineering Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy
    • Master of Science in Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University
    • STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
    • STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989
    • STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991
    • STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993
    • Mir: STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) in 1996 and STS-81 on Atlantis (landing) in 1997
    • Total time in space: 160 days
  • BLOOMFIELD, Michael J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born March 16, 1959, in Flint, Mich.; hometown:  Lake Fenton, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering mechanics from the U.S Air Force Academy 
    • Master of engineering management from Old Dominion University 
    • STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000 
    • STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002 
    • Total time in space: 32 days 
  • BLUFORD, Guion S., Jr., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 22, 1942, in Philadelphia, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from The Pennsylvania State University 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • Master of business administration from the University of Houston-Clear Lake 
    • STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-61-A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • Total time in space: 28 days 
  • BOLDEN, Charles F., Jr., Major General, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 19, 1946, in Columbia, S.C.  
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical science from the U.S Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in systems management from the University of Southern California 
    • STS-61-C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986 
    • STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 
    • STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 
    • STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • Total time in space: 28 days 
  • BRAND, Vance D., U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Reserve and Air National Guard (retired) 
    • Born May 9, 1931, in Longmont, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in business and Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Colorado 
    • Master of business administration from the University of California, Los Angeles 
    • ASTP in 1975 
    • STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982 
    • STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • Total time in space: 31 days  
  • BRANDENSTEIN, Daniel C., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 17, 1943, in Watertown, Wis. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics & physics from the University of Wisconsin 
    • STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • Total time in space: 32 days 
  • BRIDGES, Roy D., Jr., Major General, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born July 19, 1943, in Atlanta, Ga. 
    • Bachelor of engineering science from the U.S Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in astronautics from Purdue University 
    • STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 7 days 
  • BROWN, Curtis L., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born March 11, 1956, in Elizabethtown, N.C. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the U.S Air Force Academy 
    • STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994 
    • STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996 
    • STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999 
    • Total time in space: 57 days 
  • BROWN, Mark N., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 18, 1951, in Valparaiso, Ind. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from Purdue University 
    • Master of Science in astronautical engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989 
    • STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 10 days 
  • BUCHLI, James F., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born June 20, 1945, in New Rockford, N.D.:  hometown: Fargo, N.D. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    •  Master of Science in aeronautical engineering Systems from the University of West Florida 
    • STS-51-C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-61-A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989 
    • STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 20 days 
  • BUCKEY, Jay Clark, M.D. 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born June 6, 1956, in New York, N.Y.  
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering Cornell University 
    • Doctorate in Medicine, Cornell University 
    • STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia 1998 
    • Total time in space: 15 days 
  • BURBANK, Daniel C., Captain, U.S. Coast Guard (retired) 
    • Born July 27, 1961, in Manchester, Conn.; hometown: Yarmouthport, Mass.  
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 
    • STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000  
    • STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006 
    • Expedition 29/30 on Soyuz in 2012 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 7 hours, 11 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 188 days 
  • BURSCH, Daniel W., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born July 25, 1957, in Bristol, Pa.; hometown:  Vestal, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in engineering science from the Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996 
    • Expedition 4: STS-108 Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-111 Endeavour (landing) in 2002 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 46 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 226 days 
  • CABANA, Robert D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 23, 1949, in Minneapolis, Minn.; hometown: same 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 
    • STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998 
    • Total time in space: 37 days, 22 hours, 42 minutes 
  • CAMARDA, Charles J., Ph.D. 
    • Born May 8, 1952, in Queens, N.Y.; hometown: same  
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn 
    • Master of Science in engineering science from George Washington University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 
    • STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005 
    • Total time in space: 13 days 
  • CAMERON, Kenneth D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 29, 1949, in Cleveland, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Graduated from the U.S. Navy Test Pilot School 
    • Master of Business Administration from Michigan State University 
    • STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995 
    • Total time in space: 23 days 
  • CAREY, Duane G., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born April 30, 1957, in St. Paul, Minn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering & mechanics from the University of Minnesota-Minneapolis 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Minnesota- Minneapolis 
    • STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002 
    • Total time in space: 10 days 
  • CASPER, John H., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born July 9, 1943, in Greenville, S.C.; hometown: Gainesville, Ga. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering science from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in astronautics from Purdue University 
    • Graduate of the Air Force Air War College 
    • STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996 
    • Total time in space: 34 days, 9 hours, 52 minutes 
  • CASSADA, Josh A., Ph.D., Captain (Sel), U.S. Navy
    • Born July 18, 1973, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: White Bear Lake, Minn.
    • Bachelor of Arts in Physics from Albion College
    • Master of Arts in Physics with specialty in high particle physics from University of Rochester
    • Crew-5 and Expedition 68 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2022-2023 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total of 21 hours and 24 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 157 days
  • CASSIDY, Christopher J., Captain, U.S. Navy  
    • Born Jan. 4, 1970, in Salem, Mass.; hometown: York, Maine 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in ocean engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009 
    • Expedition 35/36 on Soyuz in 2013 
    • Expedition 63 on Soyuz in 2020 
    • 10 spacewalks for a total time of 54 hours, 51 minutes  
    • Total time in space: 378 days 
  • CENKER, Robert 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Nov. 5, 1948, in Uniontown, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from The Pennsylvania State University 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from The Pennsylvania State University 
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from Rutgers University 
    • STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia 
    • Total time in space: 6 days 
  • CHAMITOFF, Gregory E., Ph.D. 
    • Born August 6, 1962, in Montreal, Canada; hometown: San Jose, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from California Polytechnic  
    • State University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from California Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science in planetary geology from University of Houston-Clear Lake 
    • Expedition 17/18: STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery (launch), STS-126 Endeavour (landing) in 2008 
    • STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 43 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 198 days 
  • CHANG-DIAZ, Franklin R., Ph.D. 
    • Born April 5, 1950, in San Jose, Costa Rica 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Connecticut 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in applied plasma physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986 
    • STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989 
    • STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 
    • STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 30 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 66 days 
  • CHIAO, Leroy, Ph.D. 
    • Born Aug. 28, 1960, in Milwaukee, Wis.; hometown: Danville, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from the University of California Berkeley 
    • Master of Science and Doctorate in chemical engineering from the University of California-Santa Barbara 
    • STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996 
    • STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000 
    • Expedition 10 on Soyuz in 2004-2005 
    • 6 spacewalks for a total time of 36 hours, 19 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 229 days 
  • CHILTON, Kevin P., General, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 3, 1954, in Los Angeles 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering sciences from the U.S Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Columbia University 
    • STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996 
    • Total time in space: 29 days 
  • COATS, Michael L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 16, 1946, in Sacramento, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in administration of science & technology from George  
    • Washington University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989 
    • STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 19 days 
  • COCKRELL, Kenneth D., U.S. Naval Reserves (retired) 
    • Born April 9, 1950, in Austin, Texas; hometown: Rockdale, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical systems from the University of West Florida 
    • STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001 
    • STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002 
    • Total time in space: 64 days 
  • COLEMAN, Catherine G. “Cady,” Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Dec. 14, 1960, in Charleston, S.C.  
    • Bachelor of Science in chemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in polymer science & engineering from the  
    • University of Massachusetts 
    • STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995 
    • STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999 
    • Expedition 26/27 on Soyuz in 2011 
    • Total time in space: 180 days 
  • COLLINS, Eileen M., Colonel, U.S Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 19, 1956, in Elmira, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in mathematics & economics from Syracuse University 
    • Master of Science in operations research from Stanford University 
    • Master of Arts in space systems management from Webster University 
    • STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999 
    • STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005 
    • Total time in space: 37 days 
  • COVEY, Richard O., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 1, 1946, in Fayetteville, Ark.; hometown: Fort Walton Beach, Fla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering sciences from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Purdue University 
    • STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988 
    • STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • Total time in space: 26 days 
  • CREIGHTON, John O., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born April 28, 1943, in Orange, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in administration of science & technology from George 
    • Washington University 
    • STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 16 days 
  • CRIPPEN, Robert L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 11, 1937, in Beaumont, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas 
    • STS-1 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981 
    • STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 23 days 
  • CROUCH, Roger K., Ph.D. 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Sept. 12, 1940, in Jamestown, Tenn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Tennessee Polytechnic Institute 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Virginia  
    • Polytechnic Institute 
    • STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • Total time in space: 19 days 
  • CULBERTSON, Frank L., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born May 15, 1949, in Charleston, S.C.; hometown: Holly Hill, S.C. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • Expedition 3: STS-105 Discovery (launch) and STS-108 Endeavour (landing) in 2001 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 5 hours, 4 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 143 days 
  • CURBEAM, Robert L., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born March 5, 1962, in Baltimore, Md. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical & astronautical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001 
    • STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • 7 spacewalks for a total time of 45 hours, 33 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 37 days 
  • CURRIE-GREGG, Nancy J. (Sherlock), Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born Dec. 29, 1958, in Wilmington, Del.; hometown:  Troy, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Arts in biological science from Ohio State University 
    • Master of Science in safety engineering from the University of Southern California 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in industrial engineering from the University of Houston 
    • STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998 
    • STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002 
    • Total time in space: 41 days 
  • DAVIS, N. Jan, Ph.D. 
    • Born Nov. 1, 1953, in Cocoa Beach, Fla.; hometown: Huntsville, Ala. 
    • Bachelor of Science in applied biology from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Auburn University 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from the 
    • University of Alabama-Huntsville 
    • STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • Total time in space: 28 days  
  • DELUCAS, Lawrence J., Ph.D. 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born July 11, 1950, in Syracuse, N. Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in chemistry, Bachelor of Science in physiological optics, Doctorate in optometry, and Doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Alabama at Birmingham  
    • STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992 
    • Total time in space: 13 days 
  • DUFFY, Brian, Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born June 20, 1953, in Boston, Mass. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in systems management from the University of Southern California 
    • STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 
    • STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996 
    • STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000  
    • Total time in space: 40 days 
  • DUKE, Charles M., Jr., Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 3, 1935, in Charlotte, N.C. 
    • Bachelor of Science in naval sciences from the U.S Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Apollo 16 in 1972 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 20 hours, 14 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 11 days 
  • DUNBAR, Bonnie, Ph.D.  
    • Born March 3, 1949, in Sunnyside, Wash. 
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in ceramic engineering from the  
    • University of Washington 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical/biomedical engineering from the University  
    • of Houston 
    • Certified Professional Engineer in Texas 
    • STS-61A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992 
    • STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995 
    • STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998 
    • Total time in space: 50 days 
  • DURRANCE, Samuel T., Ph.D. 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Sept. 17, 1943, in Tallahassee, Fla.; hometown: Tampa, Fla. 
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in physics from California State University, Los Angeles, Calif. 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in astro-geophysics from the University of Colorado 
    • STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • Total time in space: 25 days 
  • DUTTON, James P., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force  
    • Born Nov. 20, 1968, in Eugene, Ore. 
    • Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from the University of Washington 
    • STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010 
    • Total time in space: 15 days 
  • EDWARDS, Joe F., Jr., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Feb. 3, 1958, in Richmond, Va.; hometowns: Roanoke and Lineville, Ala. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville 
    • STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998 
    • Total time in space: 8 days 
  • ENGLAND, Anthony W., Ph.D. 
    • Born May 15, 1942, in Indianapolis, Ind.; hometown:  West Fargo, N.D. 
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in geology and Doctor of Philosophy in geophysics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 7 days 
  • FABIAN, John M., Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 28, 1939, in Goose Creek, Texas; hometown: Pullman, Wash. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Washington State University 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in aeronautics & astronautics from the University of Washington 
    • STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 13 days 
  • FERGUSON, Christopher J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 1, 1961, in Philadelphia, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Drexel University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006 
    • STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008 
    • STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011 
    • Total time in space: 40 days  
  • FETTMAN, Martin J., Ph.D. 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Dec. 31, 1956, in Brooklyn, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in animal nutrition from Cornell University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physiology from Colorado State University 
    • STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia 
    • Total time in space: 14 days 
  • FEUSTEL, Andrew J., Ph.D. 
    • Born Aug. 25, 1965, in Lancaster, Pa.; hometown: Lake Orion, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in solid earth sciences from Purdue University 
    • Master of Science in geophysics from Purdue University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in seismology from Queen’s University-Canada 
    • STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009 
    • STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011 
    • Expedition 55/56 on Soyuz in 2018 
    • 9 spacewalks for a total time of 61 hours, 48 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 226 days 
  • FISCHER, Jack D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Jan. 23, 1974, in Louisville, Colo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of  
    • Technology  
    • Expedition 51/52 on Soyuz in 2017 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 6 hours, 59 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 136 days 
  • FISHER, Anna L., M.D. 
    • Born Aug. 24, 1949, in New York, N.Y.; hometown: San Pedro, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in chemistry from the University of California-Los Angeles 
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of California-Los Angeles 
    • STS-51-A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 7 days 
  • FISHER, William F., M.D. 
    • Born April 1, 1946, in Dallas, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Arts from Stanford University 
    • Master of Science in engineering from the University of Houston 
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of Florida 
    • STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 46 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 7 days 
  • FOALE, C. Michael, Ph.D. 
    • Born Jan. 6, 1957, in Louth, England; hometown: Cambridge, England 
    • Bachelor of Arts in physics from Cambridge University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in laboratory astrophysics from Cambridge University 
    • STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 
    • STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • Mir 23 on STS-84 Atlantis (launch) and STS-86 Atlantis (landing) in 1997 
    • STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999  
    • Expedition 8 on Soyuz in 2003  
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 45 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 373 days 
  • FORD, Kevin A., Ph.D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born July 7, 1960, in Portland, Ind.; hometown: Montpelier, Ind.  
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Notre Dame 
    • Master of Science in international relations from Troy State University 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Florida 
    •  Doctorate in astronautical engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • Graduate of Squadron Officer School, the Air Command and Staff College Associate Program and Air War College 
    • STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 
    • Expedition 33/34 on Soyuz in 2013 
    • Total time in space: 157 days 
  • FOREMAN, Michael J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born March 29, 1957, in Columbus, Ohio; hometown: Wadsworth, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008 
    • STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009 
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 20 minutes  
    • Total time in space: 26 days 
  • FORRESTER, Patrick G., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired)
    • Born March 31, 1957, in El Paso, Texas; hometown: same
    • Bachelor of Science in Applied Sciences and Engineering from U.S. Military Academy
    • Master of Science in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from University of Virginia
    • STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001
    • STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007
    • STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 30 minutes
    • Total time in space: 39 days
  • FOSSUM, Michael E., U.S. Air Force Reserves (retired) 
    • Born Dec. 19, 1957, in Sioux Falls, S.D.; hometown: McAllen, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Texas A&M University 
    • Master of Science in systems engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science in physical science (Space Science) from the  
    • University of Houston-Clear Lake 
    • STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008 
    • Expedition 28/29 on Soyuz in 2011 
    • 7 spacewalks for a total time of 48 hours, 32 minutes  
    • Total time in space: 193 days 
  • FRICK, Stephen N., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 30, 1964, in Pittsburgh, Pa..; hometown: Gibsonia, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002 
    • STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008 
    • Total time in space: 23 days
  • GAFFNEY, F. Andrew (Drew), M.D. 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born June 9, 1946, in Carlsbad, N.M. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in psychology from the University of California, Berkeley 
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of New Mexico 
    • STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 9 days 
  • GARAN, Ronald J., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 30, 1961, in Yonkers, N.Y.  
    • Bachelor of Science in business economics from State University of New York 
    • Master of Aeronautical Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University   
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Florida 
    • STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008 
    • Expedition 27/28, launch and landing on Soyuz, in 2011 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 27 hours, 3 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 177 days 
  • GARDNER, Guy S., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 6, 1948, in Alta-Vista, Va. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering sciences, astronautics and mathematics from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in astronautics from Purdue University 
    • STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988 
    • STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • Total time in space: 13 days 
  • GARN, Jake, U. S. Senator 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Oct. 12, 1932, in Richfield, Utah 
    • Bachelor of Science in business and finance from the University of Utah 
    • STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 7 days 
  • GEMAR, Charles D., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 4, 1955, in Yankton, S.D.; hometown: Scotland, S.D. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • Total time in space: 24 days 
  • GERNHARDT, Michael L., Ph.D. 
    • Born May 4, 1956, in Mansfield, Ohio; hometown: same 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Vanderbilt University 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in bioengineering from 
    • University of Pennsylvania 
    • STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995  
    • STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 23 hours, 12 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 43 days 
  • GIBSON, Edward G., Ph.D. 
    • Born Nov. 8, 1936, in Buffalo, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering from the University of Rochester 
    • Master of Science in engineering and Doctor of Philosophy in engineering from California Institute of Technology 
    • Skylab 4 in 1974 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 21 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 84 days 
  • GIBSON, Robert L. “Hoot”, Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 30, 1946, in Cooperstown, N.Y.; hometown: Lakewood, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from California Polytechnic Institute 
    • STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986 
    • STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988 
    • STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995 
    • Total time in space: 36 days 
  • GODWIN, Linda M., Ph.D.  
    • Born July 2, 1952, in Cape Girardeau, Mo.; hometown: Jackson, Mo 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics & physics from Southeast Missouri State 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in physics from the University of Missouri 
    • STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996 
    • STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 14 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 38 days 
  • GOOD, Michael T., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 13, 1962, in Parma, Ohio; hometown: Broadview Heights, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the  
    • University of Notre Dame 
    • STS-125 on Atlantis Space Shuttle in 2009 
    • STS-132 on Atlantis Space Shuttle in 2010 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 29 hours, 53 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 24 days 
  • GORIE, Dominic L., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born May 2, 1957, in Lake Charles, La. 
    • Bachelor of Science in ocean engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee 
    • STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000 
    • STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001 
    • STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008 
    • Total time in space: 48 days 
  • GRABE, Ronald J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born June 13, 1945, in New York, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering science from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989 
    • STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • Total time in space: 26 days 
  • GREGORY, Frederick D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 7, 1941, in Washington D.C. 
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master’s in information systems from George Washington University 
    • STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989 
    • STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 18 days 
  • GREGORY, William G., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born May 14, 1957, in Lockport, N.Y 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering science from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in engineering mechanics from Columbia University 
    • Master of Science in management from Troy State University 
    • STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • Total time in space: 16 days 
  • GRUNSFELD, John M., Ph.D. 
    • Born Oct. 10, 1958 in Chicago, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in physics from the University of Chicago 
    • STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999 
    • STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002 
    • STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009 
    • 8 spacewalks for a total time of 58 hours, 30 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 58 days 
  • GUTIERREZ, Sidney M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born June 27, 1951, in Albuquerque, N.M. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Arts in management from Webster College 
    • STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991 
    • STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • Total time in space: 20 days 
  • HAISE, Fred W., Jr. 
    • Born Nov. 14, 1933, in Biloxi, Miss. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Oklahoma 
    • ALT tests 1, 3, 5 
    • Apollo 13 in 1970 
    • Total time in space: 5 days 
  • HALSELL, James D., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 29, 1956, in Monroe, La. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in management from Troy State University 
    • Master of Science in space operations from the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995 
    • STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000 
    • Total time in space: 52 days 
  • HAM, Kenneth T., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Dec. 12, 1964, in Plainfield, N.J. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008 
    • STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010 
    • Total time in space: 25 days 
  • HAMMOND, L. Blaine, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 16, 1952, in Savannah, Ga.; hometown:  St. Louis, Mo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering science and Mechanics from the U. S. Air  
    • Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in engineering science and mechanics from the Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991  
    • STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • Total time in space: 19 days 
  • HARBAUGH, Gregory J. 
    • Born April 15, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio; hometown:  Willoughby, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from Purdue  
    • Master of Science in physical science from the University of Houston-Clear Lake 
    • STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995 
    • STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 29 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 34 days 
  • HARRIS, Bernard A., Jr., M.D.  
    • Born June 26, 1956, in Temple, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in biology from the University of Houston 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Texas Tech University 
    • STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 39 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 18 days 
  • HART, Terry J. 
    • Born Oct. 27, 1946, in Pittsburgh, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Lehigh University 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from Rutgers University 
    • STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 6 days 
  • HAUCK, Frederick H., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born April 11, 1941, in Long Beach, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Tufts University 
    • Master of Science in nuclear engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988 
    • Total time in space: 18 days 
  • HAWLEY, Steven A., Ph. D. 
    • Born Dec. 12, 1951, in Ottawa, Kan.; hometown: Salina, Kan. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in physics & astronomy from the University of Kansas 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy & astrophysics from the University of California 
    • STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986 
    • STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 
    • STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • STS-93 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1999 
    • Total time in space: 32 days 
  • HELMS, Susan J., Lieutenant General, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Feb. 26, 1958, in Charlotte, N.C.; hometown: Portland, Ore. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics and astronautics from Stanford University 
    • STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000 
    • Expedition 2: STS-102 Discovery (launch) and STS-105 Discovery (landing) in 2001 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 8 hours, 55 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 210 days 
  • HENNEN, Thomas J., Chief Warrant Officer, U. S. Army (retired) 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Aug. 17, 1952, in Albany, Ga.; hometown: Columbus, Ohio 
    • STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 6 days 
  • HENRICKS, Terence T., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born July 5, 1952, in Bryan, Ohio; hometown: Woodville, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Arts in public administration from Golden Gate University 
    • STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • Total time in space: 42 days 
  • HERNANDEZ, Jose M. 
    • Born Aug. 7, 1962, in French Camp, Calif.; hometown: Stockton, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the University of the Pacific 
    • Master of Science in electrical & computer engineering from the University of California-Santa Barbara 
    • STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 
    • Total time in space: 13 days 
  • HERRINGTON, John B., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 14, 1958, in Wetumka, Okla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in applied mathematics from the University of Colorado 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 55 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 13 days 
  • HIEB, Richard J. 
    • Born Sept. 21, 1955, in Jamestown, N.D. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and physics from Northwest Nazarene College 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Colorado 
    • STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 17 hours, 42 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 31 days 
  • HIGGINBOTHAM, Joan E. 
    • Born Aug. 3, 1964, in Chicago, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Southern Illinois University-Carbondale 
    • Master’s in management from the Florida Institute of Technology  
    • Master’s in space systems from Florida Institute of Technology 
    • STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • Total time in space: 12 days 
  • HILMERS, David O., Colonel, U.S Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 28, 1950, in Clinton, Iowa 
    • Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Cornell University 
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988 
    • STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • Total time in space: 20 days 
  • HIRE, Kathryn P. “Kay,” Captain, U.S Navy Reserve 
    • Born Aug. 26, 1959, in Mobile, Ala.; hometown: Merritt Island, Fla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering & management from the U.S Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in space technology from Florida State Institute of Technology 
    • STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998 
    • STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010 
    • Total time in space: 29 days 
  • HOBAUGH, Charles O., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 6, 1961, in Bar Harbor, Maine 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001 
    • STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007 
    • STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009 
    • Total time in space: 36 days 
  • HOFFMAN, Jeffrey A., Ph.D.  
    • Born Nov. 2, 1944, in Brooklyn, N.Y.; hometown: Scarsdale, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in astronomy from Amherst College 
    • Master’s Degree in materials science from Rice University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in astrophysics from Harvard University 
    • STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 
    • STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 25 hours, 8 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 50 days 
  • HOLMQUEST, Donald L., Ph.D., M.D., J.D. 
    • Born April 7, 1939, in Dallas, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Southern Methodist University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physiology from Baylor University 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Baylor University 
    • Juris Doctorate from the University of Houston 
    • Total time in space: 0      
  • HOPKINS, Michael S., Colonel, U.S. Space Force 
    • Born Aug. 6, 1969, in Lebanon, Mo.; hometown: Richland, Mo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Illinois 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Stanford University 
    • Expedition 37/38 on Soyuz in 2013-2014 
    • Crew-1 and Expedition 64/65 on Crew Dragon Resilience in 2020 
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 32 hours, 1 minute 
    • Total time in space: 166 days 
  • HOROWITZ, Scott J., Colonel, Ph.D., U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born March 24, 1957, in Philadelphia, Pa.; hometown: Thousand Oaks, Calif.  
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering from California State University-Northridge 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • STS-75 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000 
    • STS-105 on Discovery in 2001 
    • Total time in space: 47 days  
  • HUGHES-FULFORD, Millie, Ph.D.  
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Dec. 21, 1945, in Mineral Wells, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemistry and biology from Tarleton State University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy from Texas Woman’s University 
    • STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 9 days  
  • HURLEY, Douglas G., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 21, 1966 in Endicott, N.Y.; hometown: Apalachin, N.Y.  
    • Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from Tulane University 
    • STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009 
    • STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011 
    • SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo 2 in 2020 
    • Total time in space: 64 days 
  • IVINS, Marsha S. 
    • Born April 15, 1951, in Baltimore, Md. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Colorado 
    • STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 
    • STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001 
    • Total time in space: 55 days 
  • JEMISON, Mae C., M.D.  
    • Born Oct. 17, 1956, in Decatur, Ala.; hometown: Chicago, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Stanford University 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Cornell University 
    • STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • Total time in space: 7 days 
  • JERNIGAN, Tamara E., Ph.D.  
    • Born May 7, 1959, in Chattanooga, Tenn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Stanford University 
    • Master of Science in engineering science from Stanford University 
    • Master of Science in astronomy from the University of California-Berkeley  
    • Doctor of Philosophy in space physics and astronomy from Rice University 
    • STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991 
    • STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992 
    • STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999 
    • 1 spacewalk with total time of 7 hours, 55 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 62 days 
  • JETT, Brent W., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 5, 1958, in Pontiac, Mich.; hometown:  Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-72 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996 
    • STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000 
    • STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006 
    • Total time in space: 41 days 
  • JOHNSON, Gregory C., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born July 30, 1954, in Seattle, Wash. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Washington 
    • STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009 
    • Total time in space: 12 days 
  • JOHNSON, Gregory H., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born May 12, 1962, in South Ruislip, Middlesex, U.K.  
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in flight structures engineering from Columbia University 
    • Master of Business Administration from the University of Texas 
    • STS-123 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008 
    • STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011 
    • Total time in space: 31 days 
  • JONES, Thomas D., Ph.D.  
    • Born Jan. 22, 1955, in Baltimore, Md.; hometown: Essex, Md.  
    • Bachelor of Science in basic sciences from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Doctor on Philosophy in planetary science from the University of Arizona 
    • STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 48 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 53 days 
  • KAVANDI, Janet L., Ph.D. 
    • Born July 17, 1959, in Springfield, Mo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemistry from Missouri Southern State University 
    • Master of Science in chemistry from the Missouri University of Science and Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in analytical chemistry from the University of Washington 
    • STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000 
    • STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001 
    • Total time in space: 33 days 
  • KELLY, Mark E., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Feb. 21, 1964, in Orange, N.J.; hometown: West Orange, N.J. 
    • Bachelor of Science in marine engineering & nautical science from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001 
    • STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008 
    • STS-134 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2011 
    • Total time in space: 54 days 
  • KELLY, Scott J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Feb. 21, 1964, in Orange, N.J. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the State University of  
    • New York Maritime College 
    • Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville 
    • STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999 
    • STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007 
    • Expedition 26, launch and landing on Soyuz, in 2010 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 20 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 520 days 
  • KERWIN, Joseph P., M.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Feb. 19, 1932, in Oak Park, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in philosophy from College of the Holy Cross 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Northwestern University Medical School 
    • Skylab 2 in 1973 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 25 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 28 days 
  • KILRAIN (Still), Susan L., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born October 24, 1961, in Augusta, Ga. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Embry-Riddle University 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • Total time in space: 19 days 
  • KIMBROUGH, Robert “Shane”, Colonel, U.S. Army 
    • Born June 4, 1967, in Killeen, Texas; hometown: same 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in operations research from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008 
    • Expedition 49/50 on Soyuz in 2016-2017 
    • Crew-2 and Expedition 64/65 in 2021 
    • 9 spacewalks for a total time of 59 hours, 28 minutes as of August 31, 2021 
    • Total time in space: 388 days 
  • KOPRA, Timothy L., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born April 9, 1963, in Austin, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in computer science from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Strategic Studies from the U. S. Army War College 
    • Expedition 20: STS-127 Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-128 Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2009 
    • Expedition 46/47 in 2015-2016 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 31 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 58 days 
  • KREGEL, Kevin R. 
    • Born Sept. 16, 1956, in New York City; hometown: Amityville, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering from the U. S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Public Administration from Troy State University 
    • STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • STS-87 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000 
    • Total time in space: 52 days 
  • LAWRENCE, Wendy B., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born July 2, 1959, in Jacksonville, Fla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in ocean engineering from the U.S Naval Academy  
    • Master of Science in ocean engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 
    • STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005 
    • Total time in space: 50 days 
  • LEE, Mark C., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 14, 1952, in Viroqua, Wis. 
    • Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from the U.S Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989 
    • STS-47 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 1 minute 
    • Total time in space: 32 days 
  • LEESTMA, David C., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born May 6, 1949, in Muskegon, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-41-G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989 
    • STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 29 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 22 days 
  • LESLIE, Fred W., Ph.D.  
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Dec. 19, 1951, in Ancon, Panama 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering science from the University of Texas 
    • Doctor of Philosophy and Master’s in meteorology from the University of Oklahoma  
    • STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995 
    • Total time in space: 15 days 
  • LICHTENBERG, Byron K., Ph.D.  
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Feb. 19, 1948, in Stroudsburg, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from Brown University 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Science in biomedical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983 
    • STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992  
    • Total time in space: 19 days 
  • LINDSEY, Steven W., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 24, 1960, in Arcadia, Calif.; hometown: Temple City, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering sciences from the U.S Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • STS-87 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001 
    • STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011 
    • Total time in space: 62 days 
  • LINENGER, Jerry M., M.D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 16, 1955, in Mount Clemens, Mich.; hometown: Eastpointe, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in bioscience from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in systems management from the University of Southern California 
    • Master of Public Health in health policy from the University of North Carolina 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Wayne State University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in epidemiology from the University of North Carolina 
    • STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • STS-81 Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-84 Space Shuttle Atlantis (landing) in 1997 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 59 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 143 days 
  • LINTERIS, Gregory T., Ph.D.  
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Oct. 4, 1957, in Demarest, N.J. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Princeton University 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Stanford University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical and aerospace engineering from  
    •   Princeton University 
    • STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS 94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • Total time in space: 19 days 
  • LOCKHART, Paul S., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born April 28, 1956, in Amarillo, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Texas Tech University 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas 
    • Graduate of the Royal College of Defense Studies, London, England 
    • STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002 
    • STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002 
    • Total time in space: 27 days 
  • LOPEZ-ALEGRIA, Michael E., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born May 30, 1958, in Madrid, Spain; hometown: Mission Viejo, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in systems engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Graduate of Harvard University Kennedy School of Government Program for Senior Executives in National and International Security 
    • STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995 
    • STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000 
    • STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002 
    • Expedition 14 on Soyuz in 2006 
    • 10 spacewalks for a total time of 67 hours, 40 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 257 days 
  • LORIA, Christopher J. “Gus”, Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born July 9, 1960, in Belmont, Mass.; hometown: League City, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in general engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master’s in public administration from Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government 
    • Total time in space: 0  
  • LOUSMA, Jack R., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Feb. 29, 1936, in Grand Rapids, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Michigan 
    • Master in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Skylab 3 in 1973 
    • STS-3 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 2 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 67 days 
  • LOVELL, James A., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born March 25, 1928, in Cleveland, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Advanced Management Program – Harvard Business School 
    • Gemini 7 in 1965 
    • Gemini 12 in 1966 
    • Apollo 8 in 1968 
    • Apollo 13 in 1970 
    • Total time in space: 29 days 
  • LU, Edward T., Ph.D.  
    • Born July 1, 1963, in Springfield, Mass.; hometown: Honolulu, Hawaii 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Cornell University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in applied physics from Stanford University 
    • STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000 
    • Expedition 7 on Soyuz in 2003 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours 14 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 206 days  
  • LUCID, Shannon W., Ph.D.  
    • Born Jan. 14, 1943, in Shanghai, China; hometown: Bethany, Okla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the University of Oklahoma 
    • Master of Science in biochemistry from the University of Oklahoma 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in biochemistry from the University of Oklahoma 
    • STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989 
    • STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • Mir: STS-76 on Atlantis (launch) and STS-79 on Atlantis (landing) in 1996  
    • Total time in space: 223 days 
  • MAGNUS, Sandra H., Ph.D.  
    • Born Oct. 30, 1964, in Belleville, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of Missouri-Rolla 
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from the Missouri University of Science and Technology  
    • Doctor of Philosophy in materials science and engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002 
    • Expedition 18: STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2009 
    • STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011 
    • Total time in space: 157 days 
  • MARSHBURN, Thomas H., M.D. 
    • Born Aug. 29, 1960, in Statesville, N.C.; hometown: same 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Davidson College 
    • Master of Science in engineering physics from University of Virginia 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Wake Forest University 
    • Master’s in medical science from University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston 
    • STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009 
    • Expedition 34/35 on Soyuz in 2013 
    • Crew-3 and Expedition 66/67 on Crew Dragon Endurance in 2021-2022 
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 31 hours, 1 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 337 Days 
  • MASSIMINO, Michael J., Ph.D. 
    • Born Aug. 19, 1962, in Oceanside, N.Y.; hometown: Franklin Square, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in industrial engineering from Columbia University 
    • Master of Science in technology and policy from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002 
    • STS-125 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009 
    • 4 spacewalks with total time of 30 hours, 44 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 23 days 
  • MASTRACCHIO, Richard A. 
    • Born Feb. 11, 1960, in Waterbury, Conn.  
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and computer science from the  
    • University of Connecticut 
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute  
    • Master of Science in physical sciences from the University of Houston-Clear Lake 
    • STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000 
    • STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007 
    • STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010 
    • 9 spacewalks for a total time of 53 hours, 4 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 39 days 
  • McARTHUR, William S. “Bill,” Jr., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born July 26, 1951, in Laurinburg, N.C.; hometown: Wakulla, N.C.  
    • Bachelor of Science in applied science & engineering from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995 
    • STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000 
    • Expedition 12 on Soyuz in 2005 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 24 hours, 21 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 224 days 
  • McBRIDE, Jon A., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 14, 1943, in Charleston, W. Va.; hometown: Beckley, W.V.  
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval  
    • Postgraduate School 
    • STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 8 days, 5 hours, 23 minutes 
  • McCULLEY, Michael J., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 4, 1943, in San Diego, Calif.; hometown: Livingston, Tenn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in metallurgical engineering from Purdue University 
    • Master of Science in metallurgical engineering from Purdue University 
    • STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989 
    • Total time in space: 4 days  
  • McMONAGLE, Donald R., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born May 14, 1952, in Flint, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering for the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California State University-Fresno 
    • STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994 
    • Total time in space: 25 days 
  • MEADE, Carl J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 16, 1950 at Chanute Air Force Base, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electronics engineering from the University of Texas 
    • Master of Science in electronics engineering from California Institute of Technology 
    • STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992 
    • STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 51 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 29 days 
  • MELNICK, Bruce E., Commander, U.S. Coast Guard (retired) 
    • Born Dec. 5, 1949, in New York, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering from the U.S Coast Guard Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical systems from West Florida University 
    • STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 
    • STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • Total time in space: 12 days 
  • MELVIN, Leland D. 
    • Born Feb. 15, 1964, in Lynchburg, Va. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the University of Richmond 
    • Master of Science in materials science engineering from the University of Virginia 
    • STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008 
    • STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009 
    • Total time in space: 23 days 
  • METCALF-LINDENBURGER, Dorothy M. 
    • Educator Astronaut 
    • Born May 2, 1975, in Colorado Springs, Colo.; hometown: Fort Collins, Colo. Bachelor of Arts in geology from Whitman College 
    • STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010 
    • Total time in space: 15 days 
  • MORGAN, Barbara R. 
    • Born Nov. 28, 1951, in Fresno, Calif.; hometowns: Fresno, Calif. and McCall, Idaho 
    • Bachelor of Arts in human biology from Stanford University 
    • Teaching credentials from the College of Notre Dame – Belmont, California 
    • STS-118 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2007 
    • Total time in space: 12 days 
  • MULLANE, Richard M. (Mike), Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 10, 1945, in Wichita Falls, Texas; hometown: Albuquerque, N.M. 
    • Bachelor of Science in military engineering from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988 
    • STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • Total time in space: 14 days 
  • MUSGRAVE, Story, M.D.  
    • Born Aug. 19, 1935, in Boston, Mass.; hometown: Lexington, Ky. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics and statistics from Syracuse University 
    • Bachelor of Arts in chemistry from Marietta College 
    • Master of Business Administration in operations analysis and computer programming from the University of California-Los Angeles 
    • Master of Science in physiology and biophysics from the University of Kentucky 
    • Master of Arts in literature from the University of Houston 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Columbia University 
    • STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989 
    • STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 26 hours, 12 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 53 days 
  • NELSON, Bill, J.D., U. S. senator 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Sept. 29, 1942, in Miami, Fla. 
    • Bachelor’s degree from Yale University 
    • Law degree from the University of Virginia 
    • STS-61C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 6 days 
  • NELSON, George D., Ph.D.  
    • Born July 13, 1950, in Charles City, Iowa; hometown: Willmar, Minn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Harvey Mudd College 
    • Master of Science in astronomy from the University of Washington 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from the University of Washington 
    • STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • STS-6-C on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986 
    • STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 9 hour, 22 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 17 days 
  • NEWMAN, James H., Ph.D.  
    • Born Oct. 16, 1956, in Trust Territory, Pacific Islands; hometown: San Diego, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in physics from Dartmouth College 
    • Master of Arts in physics from Rice University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Rice University 
    • STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998 
    • STS-109 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2002 
    • 6 spacewalks for a total time of 43 hours, 13 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 43 days 
  • NOREIGA, Carlos I., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 8, 1959, in Lima, Peru; hometown: Santa Clara, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in computer science from the University of Southern California 
    • Master of Science in computer science from the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Master of Science in space systems operations from the Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1987 
    • STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 20 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 20 days 
  • NOWAK, Lisa M. Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born May 10, 1963, in Washington, D.C.; hometown: Rockville, Md. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • Total time in space: 12 days 
  • NYBERG, Karen L., Ph.D.  
    • Born Oct. 7, 1969, in Parker’s Prairie, Minn.; hometown: Vining, Minn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of North Dakota 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from the  
    • University of Texas 
    • STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2008 
    • Expedition 36/37 on Soyuz in 2013 
    • Total time in space: 180 days  
  • OCHOA, Ellen, Ph.D.  
    • Born May 10, 1958, in Los Angeles; hometown: La Mesa, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from San Diego State University 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from  
    • Stanford University 
    • STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994 
    • STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999 
  • O’CONNOR, Bryan D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 6, 1946, in Orange, Calif.; hometown: Twentynine Palms, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical systems from West Florida University 
    • Graduated Naval Safety School from the Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 15 days 
  • OEFELEIN, William A., Commander, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born March 29, 1965, in Ft. Belvoir, Va.; hometown: Anchorage, Alaska 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Oregon State University 
    • Master of Science in aviation systems from the University of Tennessee Space Institute 
    • STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • Total time in space: 12 days, 20 hours, 45 minutes 
  • OLIVAS, John D., Ph.D.  
    • Born May 25, 1966, in North Hollywood, Calif.; hometown: El Paso, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas-El Paso 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Houston 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering & materials science from Rice University 
    • STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007 
    • STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 34 hours, 28 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 27 days 
  • OSWALD, Stephen S. 
    • Born June 30, 1951, in Seattle, Wash.; hometown: Bellingham, Wash. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • STS-56 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • Total time in space: 33 days 
  • PAILES, William A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Payload Specialist 
    • Born June 26, 1952, in Hackensack, N.J.; hometown: Kinnelon, N.J. 
    • Bachelor of Science in computer science from the U. S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in computer science from Texas A&M University 
    • STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 4 days 
  • PARAZYNSKI, Scott E., M.D.  
    • Born July 28, 1961, in Little Rock, Ark.; hometowns: Palo Alto, Calif. and  
    • Evergreen, Colo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in biology from Stanford University 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Stanford University 
    • STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994 
    • STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001 
    • STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007 
    • 7 spacewalks for a total time of 47 hours, 5 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 58 days 
  • PARKER, Robert A. R., Ph.D.  
    • Born Dec. 14, 1936, in New York City 
    • Bachelor of Arts in astronomy and physics from Amherst College 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from California Institute of Technology 
    • STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983 
    • STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • Total time in space: 19 days 
  • PATRICK, Nicholas J.M., Ph.D. 
    • Born March 22, 1964, in Saltburn, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom; hometowns: London, England, and Rye, N.Y.  
    • Bachelor of Arts in engineering from the University of Cambridge, England 
    • Master of Arts in engineering from the University of Cambridge, England 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology  
    • STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006  
    • STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 14 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 26 days 
  • PAWELCZYK, James A., Ph.D. 
    • Payload Specialist 
    • Born Sept. 20, 1960, in Buffalo, N.Y.; hometown: Elma, N.Y.  
    • Bachelor of Arts in biology and psychology from the University of Rochester 
    • Master of Science in physiology from Pennsylvania State University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in biology from the University of North Texas 
    • STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998 
    • Total time in space: 15 days 
  • PAYTON, Gary E., major, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Payload Specialist 
    • Born June 20, 1948, in Rock Island, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering the U. S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in astronautical and aeronautical engineering from Purdue University  
    • STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 3 days 
  • PHILLIPS, John L., Captain, Ph.D., U.S. Naval Reserves (retired) 
    • Born April 15, 1951, in Fort Belvoir, Va.; hometown: Scottsdale, Ariz. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Bachelor of Science in Russian from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical systems from the University of West Florida 
    • Master of Science in geophysics and space physics from the University of California-Los Angeles 
    • Doctorate in geophysics and space physics from the University of California- 
    • Los Angeles 
    • STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2001 
    • Expedition 11 on Soyuz in 2005 
    •  STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 58 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 203 days 
  • POLANSKY, Mark L. 
    • Born June 2, 1956, in Paterson, N.J.; hometown: Edison, N.J. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from Purdue University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from Purdue University 
    • STS-98 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000 
    • STS-116 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009 
    • Total time in space: 41 days 
  • PRECOURT, Charles J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born June 29, 1955, in Waltham, Mass.; hometown: Hudson, Mass. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in engineering management from Golden Gate University 
    • Master of Arts in national security affairs & strategic studies from the U.S Naval War College 
    • STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995 
    • STS-84 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • Total time in space: 39 days 
  • READDY, William F., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 24, 1952, in Quonset Point, R.I.; hometown: McLean, Va. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S Naval Academy 
    • STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996 
    • Total time in space: 28 days 
  • REIGHTLER, Kenneth S., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born March 24, 1951, in Patuxent River, MD; hometown: Virginia Beach, Va. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Master of Science in systems management from the University of Southern California 
    • STS-48 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • Total time in space: 13 days 
  • REILLY, James F., Ph.D.  
    • Born March 18, 1954, at Mountain Home AFB, Idaho; hometown: Mesquite, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in geosciences from the University of Texas-Dallas 
    • Master of Science in geosciences from the University of Texas-Dallas 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in geosciences from the University of Texas-Dallas 
    • STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998 
    • STS-104 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2001 
    • STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007 
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 30 hours, 39 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 35 days 
  • REISMAN, Garrett E., Ph.D.  
    • Born Feb. 10, 1968, in Morristown, N.J.; hometown: Parsippany, N.J. 
    • Bachelor of Science in economics from the University of Pennsylvania 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from California Institute of Technology 
    • Expedition 16/17: STS-123 Endeavour (launch) and STS-124 Discovery (landing), 
    •  in 2008 
    • STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 12 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 107 days 
  • RICHARDS, Paul W. 
    • Born May 20, 1964 in Scranton, Pa; hometown:  Dunmore, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Drexel University 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland 
    • STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 21 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 12 days 
  • RICHARDS, Richard N., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 24, 1946, in Key West, Fla.; hometown: St. Louis, Mo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from the University of Missouri 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical systems from the University of West Florida 
    • STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989 
    • STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 
    • STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992 
    • STS-64 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • Total time in space: 33 days 
  • ROBINSON, Stephen K., Ph.D.  
    • Born Oct. 26, 1955, in Sacramento, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical/aeronautical engineering from the University of California – Davis 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Stanford University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering (minor in aeronautics and astronautics) from Stanford University 
    • STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005 
    • STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 20 hours, 5 minutes  
    • Total time in space: 48 days 
  • ROMINGER, Kent V., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 7, 1956, in Del Norte, Colo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from Colorado State University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995 
    • STS-80 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • STS-85 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999 
    • STS-100 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1991 
    • Total time in space: 67 days 
  • ROSS, Jerry L., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 20, 1948, in Crown Point, Ind. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Purdue University 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Purdue University 
    • STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988 
    • STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • STS-74 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1995 
    • STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998 
    • STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002 
    • 9 spacewalks for a total time of 57 hours, 55 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 58 days 
  • RUNCO, Mario, Jr., Lieutenant Commander, U.S Navy (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 26, 1952, in Bronx, N.Y.    
    • Bachelor of Science in earth & planetary science from City College of New York 
    • Master of Science in atmospheric physics from Rutgers University 
    • STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-54 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 28 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 22 days 
  • SACCO, Albert, Jr., Ph.D. 
    • Payload Specialist 
    • Born May 3, 1949, in Boston, Mass. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Northeastern University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in chemical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995 
    • Time in space: 15 days 
  • SATCHER, Robert L., Jr., M.D.  
    • Born Sept. 22, 1965, in Hampton, Va. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Doctorate in chemical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Harvard University 
    • STS-129 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2009 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 19 minutes  
    • Total time in space: 10 days 
  • SCHMITT, Harrison H. 
    • Born July 3, 1935, in Santa Rita, N.M. 
    • Bachelor of Science in geology from California Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in geology from Harvard University 
    • Apollo 17 in 1972 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 5 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 12 days 
  • SCHWEICKART, Russell L. 
    • Born on Oct. 25, 1935, in Neptune, N.J. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Apollo 9 in 1969 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 46 minutes  
    • Total time in space: 10 days  
  • SCOTT, David R., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born June 6, 1932, in San Antonio, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Gemini 8 in 1966 
    • Apollo 9 in 1969 
    • Apollo 15 in 1971 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 35 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 22 days 
  • SCOTT, Winston E., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 6, 1950, in Miami, Fla. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in music from Florida State University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-72 on Endeavour in 1996 
    • STS-87 on Columbia in 1997 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 36 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 24 days 
  • SCULLY- POWER, Paul D. 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born May 28, 1944, in Sydney, Australia 
    • Bachelor of Science in applied mathematics from the University of Sydney 
    • STS-41G on Challenger in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 8 days 
  • SEDDON, Margaret Rhea 
    • Born Nov. 8, 1947, in Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in physiology from the University of California-Berkeley 
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of Tennessee 
    • STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-40 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1991 
    • STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • Total time in space: 30 days 
  • SEGA, Ronald M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force Reserves (retired) 
    • Born Dec. 4, 1952, in Cleveland, Ohio; hometowns: Northfield, Ohio, and  
    • Colorado Springs, Colo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics & math from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in physics from The Ohio State University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from the University of Colorado 
    • STS-60 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1994 
    • STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996 
    • Total time in space: 17 days 
  • SHAW, Brewster H., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born May 16, 1945, in Cass City, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering mechanics from the University of Wisconsin 
    • Master of Science in engineering mechanics from the University of Wisconsin 
    • STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983 
    • STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • STS-28 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1989 
    • Total time in space: 22 days 
  • SHEPHERD, William M., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born July 26, 1949, in Oak Ridge, Tenn.; hometown:  Babylon, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-27 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1988 
    • STS-41 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 
    • STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992 
    • Expedition 1: Soyuz (launch) in 2000 and STS-102 Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2001 
    • Total time in space: 159 days 
  • SHRIVER, Loren J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 23, 1944, in Jefferson, Iowa 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in astronautical engineering from Purdue University 
    • STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 
    • STS-46 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 
    • Total time in space: 16 days 
  • SMITH, Steven L. 
    • Born Dec. 30, 1958, in Phoenix, Ariz.; hometown:  San Jose, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Stanford University 
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from Stanford University 
    • Master of Business Administration from Stanford University 
    • STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • STS-103 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999 
    • STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002 
    • 7 spacewalks for a total time of 49 hours, 48 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 40 days 
  • SPRING, Sherwood C., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 3, 1944, in Hartford, Conn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in general engineering from the U.S Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Arizona 
    • STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 13 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 6 days 
  • SPRINGER, Robert C., Colonel, U. S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born May 21, 1942, in St. Louis; hometown: Ashland, Ohio. 
    • Bachelor of Science in naval science from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in operations research & systems analysis from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-29 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989 
    • STS-38 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • Total time in space: 9 days 
  • STAFFORD, Thomas P., lieutenant general, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 17, 1930, in Weatherford, Okla. 
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Gemini 6 in 1965 
    • Gemini 9 in 1966 
    • Apollo 10 in 1969 
    • Apollo Soyuz Test Project in 1975 
    • Total time in space: 21 days 
  • STEFANYSHYN-PIPER, Heidemarie M., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Feb. 7, 1963, in St. Paul, Minn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-115 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2006 
    • STS-126 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2008 
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 33 hours, 42 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 27 days 
  • STEWART, Robert L., Brigadier General, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 13, 1942, in District of Columbia 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the University of Southern Mississippi  
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas-Arlington 
    • STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 12 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 12 days 
  • STOTT, Nicole P. 
    • Born Nov. 19, 1962, in Albany, N.Y.; hometown: Clearwater, Fla.  
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical  
    • University 
    • Master of Science in engineering management from the University of Central Florida 
    • Expeditions 20/21 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 
    • STS-133 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2011 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 35 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 104 days 
  • STURCKOW, Frederick W., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 11, 1961, in La Mesa, Calif.; hometown: Lakeside, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from California Polytechnic  
    • State University 
    • STS-88 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998 
    • STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001 
    • STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007 
    • STS-128 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 
    • Total time in space: 51 days 
  • SULLIVAN, Kathryn D., Ph.D.  
    • Born Oct. 3, 1951, in Patterson, N.J.; hometown: Woodland Hills, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in Earth sciences from the University of California-Santa Cruz 
    • Master of Science in Earth sciences from the University of California-Santa Cruz 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in geology from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia 
    • STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 
    • STS-45 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1992 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 29 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 22 days 
  • SWANSON, Steven R., Ph.D. 
    • Born Dec. 3, 1960, in Syracuse, N.Y.; hometown: Steamboat Springs, Colo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering physics from the University of Colorado 
    • Master of Applied Science in computer systems from Florida Atlantic University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in computer science from Texas A&M University 
    • STS-117 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2007 
    • STS-119 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2009 
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 27 hours, 58 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 26 days, 15 hours, 41 minutes 
  • TANI, Daniel M. 
    • Born Feb. 1, 1961, in Ridley Park, Pa.; hometown: Lombard, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-108 on Endeavour in 2001 
    • Expedition 16: STS-120 Space Shuttle Discovery (launch) and STS-122 Space Shuttle Atlantis (landing) in 2008 
    • 6 spacewalks for a total time of 39 hours, 11 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 31 days 
  • TANNER, Joseph R. 
    • Born Jan. 21, 1950, in Danville, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois 
    • STS-66 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1994 
    • STS-82 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997 
    • STS-97 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000 
    • STS-115 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001 
    • 7 spacewalks for a total time of 46 hours, 29 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 43 days 
  • THAGARD, Norman E., M.D.  
    • Born July 3, 1943, in Marianna, Fla.; hometown: Jacksonville, Fla.  
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering science from Florida State University 
    • Master of Science in engineering science from Florida State University 
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School 
    • STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989 
    • STS-42 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • Mir: Soyuz (launch) and STS-71 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (landing) in 1995 
    • Total time in space: 140 days 
  • THOMAS, Andrew S.W., Ph.D. 
    • Born Dec. 18, 1951, in Adelaide, South Australia 
    • Bachelor of Engineering in mechanical engineering from the University of Adelaide 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in mechanical engineering from the University of Adelaide 
    • STS-77 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1996 
    • Mir: STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-91 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 1998 
    • STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001 
    • STS-114 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2005 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 21 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 177 days 
  • THOMAS, Donald A., Ph.D.  
    • Born May 6, 1955, in Cleveland, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Case Western Reserve University 
    • Master of Science in materials science from Cornell University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in materials science from Cornell University 
    • STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • Total time in space: 43 days 
  • THORNTON, Kathryn C., 
    • Born Aug. 17, 1952, in Montgomery, Ala. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Auburn University 
    • Master of Science in physics from the University of Virginia 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physics from the University of Virginia 
    • STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989 
    • STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • STS-61 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-73 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1995 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 11 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 40 days 
  • THUOT, Pierre J., Commander, U.S. Navy  
    • Born May 19, 1955, in Groton, Conn.; hometowns: Fairfax, Va., and  
    • New Bedford, Mass. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in system management from the University of Southern California 
    • STS-36 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1990 
    • STS-49 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992 
    • STS-62 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 17 hours, 42 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 27 days 
  • TRINH, Eugene H., Ph.D.  
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Sept. 14, 1950, in Saigon, Vietnam.  
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering-applied physics from  
    • Columbia University 
    • Master of Science and of Philosophy in applied physics from Yale University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in applied physics from Yale University 
    • STS-50 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992 
    • Total time in space: 13 days 
  • TRULY, Richard H., vice admiral, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 12, 1937, in Fayette, Miss. 
    • Bachelor of Aeronautical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • ALT tests 2 and 4 
    • STS-2 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981 
    • STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • Total time in space: 8 days 
  • VAN DEN BERG, Lodewijk, Ph.D.  
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born March 24, 1932, in Sluiskil, The Netherlands 
    • Master of Science in chemical engineering from Technical University, Delft,  
    • The Netherlands 
    • Master of Science in applied science from the University of Delaware 
    • Doctor of Philosophy applied science from the University of Delaware 
    • STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • Time in space: 7 days, 8 minutes 
  • VAN HOFTEN, James D., Ph.D.  
    • Born June 11, 1944, in Fresno, Calif.; hometown: Burlington, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from the University of California-Berkeley 
    • Master of Science in hydraulic engineering from Colorado State University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in fluid mechanics from Colorado State University 
    • STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 21 hours, 8 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 14 days 
  • VIRTS, Terry, Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Dec. 1967, in Baltimore, Md.; hometown:  Columbia, Md.  
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics & minor in French from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Advanced Studies in aeronautics from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 
    • STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 2 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 13 days 
  • VOSS, James S., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born March 3, 1949, in Cordova, Ala.; hometown: Opelika, Ala. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from Auburn University 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering sciences from the University of Colorado 
    • STS-44 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000 
    • Expedition 2: STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery (launch) and STS-105 on Space Shuttle Discovery (landing) in 2001  
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 22 hours, 35 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 202 days 
  • WALKER, Charles D. 
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born Aug. 29, 1948, in Bedford, Ind. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical & astronautical engineering from  
    • Purdue University 
    • STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 19 days 
  • WALHEIM, Rex J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 10, 1962, in Redwood, Calif.; hometown: San Carlos, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of California Berkeley 
    • Master of Science in industrial engineering from University of Houston 
    • STS-110 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002 
    • STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008  
    • STS-135 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2011 
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 36 hours, 23 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 36 days 
  • WALZ, Carl E., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Sept. 6, 1955, in Cleveland, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Kent State University 
    • Master of Science in solid-state physics from John Carroll University 
    • STS-51 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1993 
    • STS-65 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1994 
    • STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996 
    • Expedition 4: STS-108 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) and STS-111 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (landing) in 2002 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 18 hours, 55 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 230 days 
  • WANG, Taylor G., Ph.D.  
    • Payload specialist 
    • Born June 16, 1940, Mainland China 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of California at Los Angeles 
    • Master of Science in physics from the University of California at Los Angeles 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physics from the University of California at Los Angeles 
    • STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 7 days 
  • WEBER, Mary E., Ph.D.  
    • Born Aug. 24, 1962, in Cleveland, Ohio; hometown: Bedford Heights, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Purdue University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physical chemistry from the University of California-Berkeley 
    • STS-70 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000  
    • Total time in space: 18 days 
  • WETHERBEE, James D., Captain, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born Nov. 27, 1952, in Flushing, N.Y.; hometown: Huntington Station, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Notre Dame 
    • STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992 
    • STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-102 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2001 
    • STS-113 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2002 
    • Total time in space: 66 days 
  • WHITSON, Peggy A., Ph.D. 
    • Born Feb. 9, 1960, in Mt. Ayr, Iowa; hometown: Beaconsfield, Iowa 
    • Bachelor of Science in biology/chemistry from Iowa Wesleyan College 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in biochemistry from Rice University 
    • Expedition 5: STS-111 Space Shuttle Endeavour (launch) & STS-113 Space Shuttle Endeavour (landing) in 2002 
    • Expedition 16 on Soyuz 2007 
    • 10 spacewalks for a total time of 60 hours, 21 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 376 days 
  • WILCUTT, Terrence “Terry” W., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 31, 1949 in Russellville, Ky.; hometown: Louisville, Ky. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Western Kentucky University 
    • STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • STS-79 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996 
    • STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998 
    • STS-106 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000 
    • Total time in space: 42 days 
  • WILLIAMS, Jeffrey “Jeff” N., Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born Jan. 18, 1958, in Superior, Wis.; hometown: Winter, Wis. 
    • Bachelor of Science in applied science and engineering from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Master of Arts in national security and strategic studies from the U.S. Naval  War College 
    • STS-101 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2000 
    • Expedition 13 on Soyuz in 2006 
    • Expeditions 21/22 on Soyuz in 2009 
    • Expeditions 47/48 on Soyuz in 2016 
    • 5 spacewalks for a total time of 31 hours, 55 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 534 days 
  • WISOFF, Peter J. K., Ph.D.  
    • Born Aug. 16, 1958, in Norfolk, Va. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of Virginia 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in applied physics from Stanford University 
    • STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-68 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • STS-81 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1997 
    • STS-92 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2000 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 19 hours, 53 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 44 days 
  • WOLF, David A. 
    • Born Aug. 23, 1956, in Indianapolis, Ind. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Purdue University 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Indiana University 
    • STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • Mir: STS-86 on Space Shuttle Atlantis (launch) and STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour (landing) in 1998 
    • STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis 2002 
    • STS-127 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2009 
    • 7 spacewalks for a total time of 41 hours, 57 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 168 days 
  • WOODWARD, Neil W., III, Commander, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born July 26, 1962, in Chicago, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Arts in physics from the University of Texas-Austin 
    • Master of Management from George Washington University 
    • Total time in space: 0      
  • ZAMKA, George D., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born June 29, 1962, in Jersey City, N.J.; hometown: Rochester, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in engineering m})”Oanagement from Florida Institute of Technology 
    • STS-120 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2007 
    • STS-130 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010 
    • Total time in space: 28 days

2.5 DECEASED ASTRONAUTS & PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS

A close-up view of an astronaut's boot print in the lunar soil, photographed with a lunar surface camera during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Moon.
A close-up view of an astronaut’s boot print in the lunar soil, photographed with a lunar surface camera during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Moon.
NASA
  • ANDERS, William A., Major General, U.S. Air Force Reserve (retired)
    • Born Oct. 17, 1933, in Hong Kong
    • Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the U. S. Naval Academy
    • Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology
    • Apollo 8 in 1968
    • Total time in space: 6 days
    • DIED: June 7, 2024
  • ANDERSON, Michael P., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force
    • Born Dec. 25, 1959, in Plattsburgh, N.Y.; hometown: Spokane, Wash.
    • Bachelor of Science in Physics/Astronomy from University of Washington
    • Master of Science in Physics from Creighton University
    • STS-89 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1998
    • STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003
    • Total time in space: 24 days, 18 hours, 8 minutes
    • DIED: Feb. 1, 2003
  • ARMSTRONG, Neil A.
    • Born Aug. 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio
    • Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University
    • Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from University of Southern California
    • Gemini 8 in 1966
    • Apollo 11 in 1969
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 2 hours, 32 minutes
    • Total time in space: 8 days, 13 hours, 59 minutes
    • DIED: Aug. 25, 2012
  • BASSETT II, Charles A., Captain, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Dec. 30, 1931, in Dayton, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Texas Technological College 
    • Total time in space: 0     
    • DIED: Feb. 28, 1966 
  • BEAN, Alan L., Captain, U.S. Navy  
    • Born March 15, 1932, in Wheeler, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Texas 
    • Apollo 12 in 1969 
    • Skylab 3 in 1973 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 10 hours, 8 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 69 days, 15 hours, 45 minutes 
    • DIED: May 26, 2018  
  • BOBKO, Karol J., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Dec. 23, 1937, in New York, N.Y.  
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Southern California 
    • STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-51J on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 16 days 
    • DIED: Aug.17, 2023 
  • BORMAN, Frank, Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born March 14, 1928, in Gary, Ind., 
    • Bachelor of Science the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from California Institute of Technology 
    • Gemini 7 in 1965 
    • Apollo 8 in 1968 
    • Total time in space: 19 days 
  • BRADY, Charles E., Jr., M.D., Captain, U. S. Navy 
    • Born Aug. 12, 1951, in Pinehurst, N.C.; hometown: Robbins, N. C. 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Duke University 
    • STS-78 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 
    • Total time in space: 16 days, 21 hours, 48 minutes 
    • DIED: July 23, 2006 
  • BROWN, David M., M.D., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born April 16, 1956, in Arlington, Va. 
    • Bachelor of Science in biology from College of William & Mary 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Eastern Virginia Medical School 
    • STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003 
    • Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes 
    • DIED: Feb. 1, 2003 
  • BULL, John S., Ph.D.  
    • Born Sept. 25, 1934, in Memphis, Tenn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Rice University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from Stanford University 
    • Doctorate in aeronautical engineering from Stanford University 
    • Total time in space: 0     
    • DIED: Aug. 11, 2008 
  • CALDEIRO, Fernando 
    • Born June 12, 1958, in Buenos Aires, Argentina; hometown: New York, N.Y. and  
    • Merritt Island, Fla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from University of Arizona 
    • Master of Science in engineering management from University of Central Florida 
    • Total time in space: 0     
    • DIED: Oct. 3, 2009 
  • CARPENTER, M. Scott, Commander, U.S. Navy  
    • Born May 1, 1925, in Boulder, Colo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Colorado 
    • Mercury 7 in 1962 
    • Total time in space: 4 hours, 54 minutes 
    • DIED: Oct. 10, 2013 
  • CARR, Gerald P., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 22, 1932, in Denver, Colo. 
    • Bachelor of Engineering in mechanical engineering from the University of Southern California 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U. S. Naval Post Graduate School 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from Princeton University 
    • Honorary Doctor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Parks College-St. Louis University 
    • Skylab 4 in 1974 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 15 hours, 49 minutes  
    • Total time in space: 84 days, 1 hour, 15 minutes 
    • DIED: August 26, 2020 
  • CARTER, Manley Lanier “Sonny”, M.D., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Aug. 15, 1947, in Macon, Ga. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in chemistry from Emory University 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Emory University 
    • STS-33 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1989 
    • Total time in space: 5 days, 7 minutes 
    • DIED: April 5, 1991 
  • CERNAN, Eugene A., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born March 14, 1934, in Chicago, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Purdue University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S Navy Postgraduate School 
    • Gemini 9 in 1966 
    • Apollo 10 in 1969 
    • Apollo 17 in 1972 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 24 hours, 14 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 23 days, 14 hours, 15 minutes 
    • DIED: January 16, 2017 
  • CHAFFEE, Roger B., Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Feb. 15, 1935, in Grand Rapids, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University 
    • Total time in space: 0    
    • DIED: Jan. 27, 1967 
  • CHAPMAN, Philip K., Ph.D.  
    • Born March 5, 1935, in Melbourne, Australia 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics and mathematics from the University of Sydney 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology  
    • Doctor of Science in instrumentation for Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Total time in space: 0  
    • DIED: April 5, 2021 
  • CHAWLA, Kalpana, Ph.D.  
    • Born July 1, 1961, in Karnal, India 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Punjab Engineering College 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Texas-Arlington 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from University of Colorado 
    • STS-87 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003 
    • Total time in space: 30 days, 14 hours, 54 minutes 
    • DIED: Feb. 1, 2003 
  • CLARK, Laurel B., M.D., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born March 10, 1961, in Ames, Iowa; hometown: Racine, Wis. 
    • Bachelor of Science in zoology from University of Wisconsin-Madison 
    • Doctor of Medicine from University of Wisconsin-Madison 
    • STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003 
    • Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes 
    • DIED: Feb. 1, 2003 
  • CLEAVE, Mary L., Ph. D. 
    • Born Feb. 5, 1947, in Southampton, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science in biological sciences from Colorado State University 
    • Master of Science in microbial ecology from Utah State University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in environmental engineering from Utah State University 
    • STS-61B on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 
    • STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989 
    • Total time in space: 10 days 
  • CLIFFORD, Michael R., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 13, 1952, in San Bernardino, Calif.; hometown: Ogden, Utah 
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology 
    • STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • STS-59 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994 
    • STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 6 hours, 2 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 27 days, 18 hours, 25 minutes 
    • Died: Dec. 28, 2021 
  • COLLINS, Michael, Major General, U.S. Air Force reserve (retired) 
    • Born Oct. 31, 1930, in Rome, Italy 
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S Military Academy 
    • Gemini 10 in 1966 
    • Apollo 11 in 1969 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 27 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 11 days, 2 hours, 4 minutes 
    • DIED: April 28, 2021 
  • CONRAD, Charles “Pete”, Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy  
    • Born June 2, 1930, in Philadelphia, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Princeton University 
    • Gemini 5 in 1965 
    • Gemini 11in 1966 
    • Apollo 12 in 1969 
    • Skylab 2 in 1973 
    • 4 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 28 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 49 days, 3 hours, 38 minutes 
    • DIED: July 8, 1999. 
  • COOPER, L. Gordon, Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force  
    • Born March 6, 1927, in Shawnee, Okla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • Honorary Doctor of Science from Oklahoma City University 
    • Mercury 9 in 1963 
    • Gemini 5 in 1965 
    • Total time in space: 9 days, 9 hours, 15 minutes 
    • DIED: Oct. 4, 2004 
  • CUNNINGHAM, Walter, Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps Reserve (retired) 
    • Born March 16, 1932, in Creston, Iowa 
    • Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in physics from the University of  
    • California-Los Angeles 
    • Apollo 7 in 1968 
    • Total time in space: 10 days 
    • DIED: Jan. 3, 2023 
  • EISELE, Donn F., Colonel, U.S. Air Force  
    • Born June 23, 1930, in Columbus, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in astronautics from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in astronautics from U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • Apollo 7 in 1968 
    • Total time in space: 10 days, 20 hours, 8 minutes 
    • DIED: Dec. 2, 1987 
  • ENGLE, Joe H., Major General, Air National Guard/U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Aug. 26, 1932, in Dickinson County, Kan. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the University of Kansas 
    • 16 flights in USAF/NASA X-15 – 3 flights into space 
    • ALT flights 2 and 4 
    • STS-2 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981 
    • STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 9 days
    • DIED: July 10, 2024
  • EVANS, Ronald E., Captain, U.S. Navy  
    • Born Nov. 10, 1933, in St. Francis, Kan. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from University of Kansas 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Apollo 17 in 1972 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 7 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 12 days, 13 hours, 52 minutes 
    • DIED: April 6, 1990 
  • FREEMAN, Theodore C., Captain, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Feb. 18, 1930, in Haverford, Pa 
    • Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from University of Michigan 
    • Total time in space: 0      
    • DIED: Oct. 31, 1964 
  • FULLERTON, C. Gordon, Colonel, U.S. Air Force  
    • Born Oct. 11, 1936, in Rochester, N.Y. 
    • Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California Institute of Technology 
    • STS-3 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982 
    • STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 50 minutes 
    • DIED: Aug. 21, 2013 
  • GARDNER, Dale A., Captain, U.S. Navy  
    • Born Nov. 8, 1948, in Fairmont, Minn. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering physics from the University of Illinois 
    • STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 11 hours, 42 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 14 days, 53 minutes 
    • DIED: Feb. 19, 2014 
  • GARRIOTT, Owen K. 
    • Born Nov. 22, 1930, in Enid, Okla.  
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma 
    • Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from Stanford University 
    • Skylab 3 in 1973 
    • STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 43 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 69 days, 18 hours, 56 minutes 
    • DIED: April 15, 2019 
  • GIVENS, Edward G. Jr., Major, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Jan. 5, 1930, in Quanah, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in naval sciences from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Total time in space: 0      
    • DIED: June 6, 1967 
  • GLENN, John H., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps  
    • Born July 18, 1921, in Cambridge, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering from Muskingum College 
    • Mercury 6 in 1962 
    • STS-95 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1998 
    • Total time in space: 9 days, 2 hours, 39 minutes 
    • DIED: Dec. 8, 2016 
  • GORDON, Richard F., Jr., Captain, U.S. Navy  
    • Born Oct. 5, 1929, in Seattle, Wash. 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the University of Washington 
    • Gemini 11 in 1966 
    • Apollo 12 in 1969 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 38 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 13 days, 3 hours, 53 minutes 
    • DIED: Oct. 4, 2004 
  • GRAVELINE, Duane F. 
    • Born March 2, 1931, in Newport, Vt. 
    • Bachelor of Science from the University of Vermont 
    • Master of Science in public health from John Hopkins University 
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of Vermont 
    • Total time in space: 0 
    • DIED: September 5, 2016  
  • GRIGGS, S. David 
    • Born Sept. 7, 1939, in Portland, Ore. 
    • Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in administration from George Washington University 
    • STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 3 hours, 6 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 6 days, 23 hours, 55 minutes 
    • DIED: June 17, 1989 
  • GRISSOM, Virgil I., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born April 3, 1926, in Mitchell, Ind.  
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Purdue University 
    • Mercury 4 in 1961 
    • Gemini 3 in 1965 
    • Total time in space: 5 hours, 8 minutes 
    • DIED: Jan. 27, 1967 
  • HARTSFIELD, Henry W., Jr., Colonel, U.S. Air Force  
    • Born Nov. 21, 1933, in Birmingham, Ala. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Auburn University 
    • Master of Science in engineering science from the University of Tennessee 
    • STS-4 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982 
    • STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • STS-61A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 20 days, 2 hours, 50 minutes 
    • DIED: July 17, 2014 
  • HENIZE, Karl G., Ph.D.  
    • Born Oct. 17, 1926, in Cincinnati, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from University of Virginia 
    • Master of Arts in astronomy from University of Virginia 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from University of Michigan 
    • STS-51F on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 7 days, 22 hours, 45 minutes 
    • DIED: Oct. 5, 1993 
  • HUSBAND, Rick D., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born July 12, 1957, in Amarillo, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Texas Tech University 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California State University 
    • STS-96 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1999 
    • STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003 
    • Total time in space: 25 days, 17 hours, 33 minutes 
    • DIED: Feb. 1, 2003 
  • IRWIN, James B., Colonel, U.S. Air Force  
    • Born March 17, 1930, in Pittsburgh, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in naval science from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering and instrumentation engineering from University of Michigan 
    • Apollo 15 in 1971 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 17 hours, 56 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes 
    • DIED: Aug. 8, 1991 
  • JARVIS, Gregory 
    • Payload Specialist 
    • Born Aug. 24, 1944, in Detroit, Mich. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from State University of New York at Buffalo 
    • Master’s in electrical engineering from Northeastern University 
    • Total time in space: 0 
    • DIED: Jan. 28, 1986 
  • LENOIR, William B. 
    • Born March 14, 1939, in Miami, Fla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982 
    • Total time in space: 5 days, 2 hours, 14 minutes 
    • DIED: Aug. 26, 2012 
  • LIND, Don L., Ph.D.  
    • Born May 18, 1930, in Midvale, Utah 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of Utah 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in high-energy nuclear physics from the University of  
    • California-Berkley 
    • STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 7 days 
    • DIED: Aug. 30, 2022 
  • LLEWELLYN, John A., Ph.D.  
    • Born April 22, 1933, in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom 
    • Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the University College at Cardiff 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in chemistry from the University College of Cardiff 
    • Total time in space: 0 
    • DIED: July 2, 2013 
  • LOUNGE, John M. “Mike” 
    • Born June 28, 1946, in Denver, Colo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics and mathematics from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in astrogeophysics from University of Colorado 
    • STS-51I on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-26 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1988 
    • STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • Total time in space: 20 days, 3 hours, 23 minutes 
    • DIED: March 1, 2011 
  • LOW, G. David 
    • Born Feb. 19, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics-engineering from Washington & Lee University 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Cornell University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Stanford University 
    • STS-32 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • STS-43 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 5 hours, 50 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 29 days, 18 hours, 6 minutes 
    • DIED: March 15, 2008 
  • MATTINGLY, Thomas K., II, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy (retired) 
    • Born March 17, 1936, in Chicago, Ill.  
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Auburn University 
    • Apollo 16 in 1972 
    • STS-4 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982 
    • STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 24 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 21 days 
  • MCAULIFFE, S. Christa 
    • Educator Astronaut 
    • Born Sept. 2, 1948, in Boston, Mass. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in education Framingham State College 
    • Master’s in education Bowie State College 
    • Total time in space: 0 
    • DIED: Jan. 28, 1986  
  • McCANDLESS, Bruce, II, Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born June 8, 1937, in Boston, Mass. 
    • Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from Stanford University  
    • Master of Science in business administration from the University of Houston-Clear Lake 
    • STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • STS-31 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 12 hours, 12 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 13 days, 31 minutes 
    • DIED: Dec. 21, 2017 
  • McCOOL, William C., Commander, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Sept. 23, 1961, in San Diego, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in applied science from U.S Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in computer science from University of Maryland 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-107 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003 
    • Total time in space: 15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes 
    • DIED: Feb. 1, 2003 
  • McDIVITT, James A., Brigadier General U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born June 10, 1929, in Chicago, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in astronautical engineering from the University of Michigan 
    • Gemini 4 in 1965 
    • Apollo 9 in 1969 
    • Total time in space: 14 days 
    • DIED: Oct. 13, 2022 
  • McNAIR, Ronald E., Ph.D. 
    • Born Oct. 21, 1950, in Lake City, S.C. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from North Carolina A&T State College 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-41B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 7 days, 23 hours, 15 minutes 
    • DIED: Jan. 28, 1986 
  • MICHEL, F. Curtis, Ph.D.  
    • Born June 5, 1934, in LaCrosse, Wis. 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from California Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physics from California Institute of Technology 
    • Total time in space: 0     
    • DIED: Feb. 26, 2015 
  • MITCHELL, Edgar D., Ph.D., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Sept. 17, 1930, in Hereford, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science in industrial management from Carnegie Institute of 
    • Technology (now Carnegie-Mellon University) 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval  
    • Postgraduate School 
    • Doctor of Science in aeronautics & astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Apollo 14 in 1971 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 9 hours, 35 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 9 days, 42 minutes 
    • DIED: Feb. 4, 2016 
  • NAGEL, Steven R., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Oct. 27, 1946, in Canton, Ill. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from the University of Illinois 
    • Master of Science in mechanical engineering from California State University-Fresno 
    • STS-51G on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-61A on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • STS-37 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1991 
    • STS-55 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • Total time in space: 30 days, 1 hour, 36 minutes 
    • DIED: Aug. 21, 2014  
  • O’LEARY, Brian T. 
    • Born Jan. 27, 1940, in Boston, Mass. 
    • Bachelor of Arts in physics from Williams College 
    • Master of Arts in astronomy from Georgetown University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from University of California-Berkeley 
    • Total time in space: 0    
    • DIED: July 28, 2011 
  • ONIZUKA, Ellison S., Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born June 24, 1946, in Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Colorado 
    • Master of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Colorado 
    • STS-51C on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 3 days, 1 hour, 33, minutes 
    • DIED: Jan. 28, 1986 
  • OVERMYER, Robert F., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps 
    • Born July 14, 1936, in Lorain, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Baldwin Wallace College 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics from U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • STS-5 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1982 
    • STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 12 days, 2 hours, 23 minutes 
    • DIED: March 22, 1996 
  • PARISE, Ronald A. 
    • Payload Specialist 
    • Born May 24, 1951, in Warren, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Youngstown State University 
    • Master of Science in astronomy from University of Florida 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in astronomy from University of Florida 
    • STS-35 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1990 
    • STS-67 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • Total time in space: 25 days, 14 hours, 14 minutes  
    • DIED: May 9, 2008 
  • PETERSON, Donald H., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Oct. 22, 1933, in Winona, Miss.  
    • Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in nuclear engineering from the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology 
    • STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 4 hours, 17 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 5 days, 23 minutes 
    • DIED: May 27, 2018  
  • POGUE, William, Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Jan. 23, 1930, in Okemah, Okla. 
    • Bachelor of Science in education from Oklahoma Baptist University 
    • Master of Science in mathematics from Oklahoma State University 
    • Skylab 4 in 1974 
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 13 hours, 34 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 84 days, 1 hour, 15 minutes 
    • DIED: March 3, 2014 
  • POINDEXTER, Alan G., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Nov. 5, 1961, in Pasadena, Calif.; hometown: Rockville, Md. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute  
    • of Technology 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from U.S. Naval  
    • Postgraduate School 
    • STS-122 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2008 
    • STS-131 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2010 
    • Total time in space: 27 days, 21 hours, 9 minutes 
    • DIED: July 1, 2012 
  • RESNIK, Judith A., Ph.D.  
    • Born April 5, 1949, in Akron, Ohio 
    • Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from University of Maryland 
    • STS-41D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 6 days, 56 minutes 
    • DIED: Jan. 28, 1986 
  • RIDE, Sally K., Ph.D.  
    • Born May 26, 1951, in Los Angeles 
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from Stanford University 
    • Bachelor of Arts in English from Stanford University 
    • Master of Science in physics from Stanford University 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Stanford University 
    • STS-7 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-41G on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 14 days, 7 hours, 46 minutes 
    • DIED: July 23, 2012 
  • ROBERTSON, Patricia Hilliard, M.D.  
    • Born March 12, 1963, in Indiana, Pa.; hometown: Homer City, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in biology from Indiana University of Pennsylvania 
    • Doctor of Medicine from Medical College of Pennsylvania 
    • Total time in space: 0      
    • DIED: May 24, 2001 
  • ROOSA, Stuart A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Aug. 16, 1933, in Durango, Colo.  
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from University of Colorado 
    • Apollo 14 in 1971 
    • Total time in space: 9 days, 42 minutes  
    • DIED: Dec. 12, 1994 
  • SCHIRRA, Walter M., Captain, U.S Navy 
    • Born March 12, 1923, in Hackensack, N.J. 
    • Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Mercury 8 in 1962 
    • Gemini 6 in 1965 
    • Apollo 7 in 1968 
    • Total time in space: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes 
    • DIED: May 2, 2007 
  • SCOBEE, Francis R., Major, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born May 19.1939, in Cle Elum, Wash. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering from University of Arizona 
    • STS-41C on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984 
    • Total time in space: 6 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes 
    • DIED: Jan. 28, 1986 
  • SEARFOSS, Richard A., Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born June 5, 1956, in Mount Clemens, Mich.; hometown: Portsmouth, N.H. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautics from California Institute of Technology 
    • STS-58 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1993 
    • STS-76 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1996 
    • STS-90 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1998 
    • Total time in space: 39 days, 3 hours, 19 minutes 
    • DIED: Sept. 29, 2018 
  • SEE, Elliot M., Jr. 
    • Born July 23, 1927, in Dallas, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science from U.S. Merchant Marine Academy 
    • Master of Science in engineering from University of California – Los Angeles 
    • Total time in space: 0     
    • DIED: Feb. 28, 1966 
  • SELLERS, Piers J., Ph.D. 
    • Born April 11, 1955, in Crowborough, Sussex, U.K. 
    • Bachelor of Science in ecological science from the University of Edinburgh (Scotland) 
    • Doctor of Philosophy in biometeorology from Leeds University (U.K.) 
    • STS-112 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2002 
    • STS-121 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 2006 
    • STS-132 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 2010 
    • 6 spacewalks for a total time of 41 hours, 10 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 34 days, 23 hours, 4 minutes 
    • DIED: December 23, 2016 
  • SHEPARD, Alan B. Jr., Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Nov. 18, 1923, in East Derry, N.H. 
    • Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Mercury 3 in 1961 
    • Apollo 14 in 1971  
    • 2 spacewalks for a total time of 9 hours, 35 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 9 days, 57 minutes 
    • DIED: July 21, 1998 
  • SLAYTON, Donald K., major, U.S. Air Force Reserve 
    • Born March 1, 1924, in Sparta, Wis. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from University of Minnesota 
    • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975 
    • Total time in space: 9 days, 1 hour 28, minutes 
    • DIED: June 13, 1993 
  • SMITH, Michael J., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Aug. 30, 1945, in Beaufort, N.C. 
    • Bachelor of Science in naval science from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from U.S Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Total time in space: 0     
    • DIED: Jan. 28, 1986 
  • SWIGERT, John L. Jr. 
    • Born Aug. 30, 1931, in Denver, Colo. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from University of Colorado 
    • Master of Science in aerospace science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 
    • Master of Business Administration from University of Hartford 
    • Apollo 13 in 1970 
    • Total time in space: 5 days, 22 hours, 54 minutes 
    • DIED: Dec. 27, 1982 
  • THORNE, Stephen D., lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Feb. 11, 1953, in Frankfurt-on-Main, West Germany 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering from U.S Naval Academy 
    • Total time in space: 0     
    • DIED: May 24, 1986  
  • THORNTON, William E., M.D.  
    • Born April 14, 1929, in Faison, N.C.  
    • Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of North Carolina 
    • Doctor of Medicine from the University of North Carolina 
    • STS-8 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • STS-51B on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985 
    • Total time in space: 13 days, 2 hour, 47 minutes 
    • DIED: January 11, 2021 
  • VEACH, Charles Lacy 
    • Born Sept. 18, 1944, in Chicago, Ill.; hometown: Honolulu, Hawaii 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering management from U.S. Air Force Academy 
    • STS-39 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1991 
    • STS-52 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1992 
    • Total time in space: 18 days, 4 hours, 18 minutes 
    • DIED: Oct. 3, 1995 
  • VOSS, Janice E., Ph.D. 
    • Born Oct. 8, 1956, in South Bend, Ind. 
    • Bachelor of Science in engineering science from Purdue University 
    • Master of Science in electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • Doctor in aeronautics/astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
    • STS-57 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1993 
    • STS-63 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1995 
    • STS-83 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-94 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 
    • STS-99 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2000 
    • Total time in space: 49 days, 3 hours, 50 minutes 
    • DIED: Feb. 6, 2012  
  • WALKER, David M., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born May 20, 1944, in Columbus, Ga.; hometown:  Eustis, Fla. 
    • Bachelor of Science from U.S. Naval Academy 
    • STS-51A on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1984 
    • STS-30 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989 
    • STS-53 on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992 
    • STS-69 on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1995 
    • Total time in space: 30 days, 4 hours, 30 minutes 
    • DIED: April 23, 2001 
  • WEITZ, Paul J., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born July 25, 1932, in Erie, Pa. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from Pennsylvania State University 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 
    • Skylab 2 in 1973 
    • STS-6 on Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 1 hour, 36 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 33 days, 1 hour, 13 minutes 
    • DIED: Oct. 24, 2017 
  • WHITE, Edward H. II, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force 
    • Born Nov. 14, 1930, in San Antonio, Texas 
    • Bachelor of Science from U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in aeronautical engineering from University of Michigan 
    • Gemini 4 in 1965 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 36 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 4 days, 1 hour, 56 minutes 
    • DIED: Jan. 27, 1967 
  • WILLIAMS, Clifton C. Jr., Major, U.S. Marine Corps 
    • Born Sept. 26, 1932, in Mobile, Ala. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Auburn University 
    • Total time in space: 0    
    • DIED: Oct. 5, 1967 
  • WILLIAMS, Donald E., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Feb. 13, 1958 in Lafayette, Ind. 
    • Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Purdue University 
    • STS-51D on Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985 
    • STS-34 on Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989 
    • Total time in space: 11 days, 23 hours, 34 minutes 
    • DIED: Feb. 23, 2016 
  • WORDEN, Alfred M., Colonel, U.S. Air Force (retired) 
    • Born Feb. 7, 1932, in Jackson, Mich.  
    • Bachelor of Science in military science from the U.S. Military Academy 
    • Master of Science in astronautical & aeronautical engineering & instrumentation engineering from the University of Michigan 
    • Apollo 15 in 1971 
    • 1 spacewalk for a total time of 41 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 12 days, 7 hours, 12 minutes 
    • DIED: March 18, 2020 
  • YOUNG, John W., Captain, U.S. Navy 
    • Born Sept. 24, 1930, in San Francisco, Calif. 
    • Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering from the Georgia Institute  
    • of Technology 
    • Gemini 3 in 1965 
    • Gemini 10 in 1966 
    • Apollo 10 in 1969 
    • Apollo 16 in 1972 
    • STS-1 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1981  
    • STS-9 on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1983 
    • 3 spacewalks for a total time of 20 hours, 14 minutes 
    • Total time in space: 34 days, 19 hours, 39 minutes 
    • DIED: Jan. 5, 2018 

3.0 U.S. ASTRONAUT SELECTION BY GROUPS

S63-00562 (February 1963) — Portrait of astronaut groups 1 and 2. The original seven Mercury astronauts selected by NASA in April 1959, are seated (left to right): L. Gordon Cooper Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, M. Scott Carpenter, Water M. Schirra Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Alan B. Shepard Jr., and Donald K. Slayton. The second group of NASA astronauts, which were named in September 1962, are standing (left to right): Edward H. White II, James A. McDivitt, John W. Young, Elliot M. See Jr., Charles Conrad Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, Thomas P. Stafford, and James A. Lovell Jr. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

GROUP 1 – Mercury Astronauts, April 1959:

Carpenter/USN, Cooper/USAF, Glenn/USMC, Grissom/USAF, Schirra/USN, A. Shepard/USN, Slayton/USAF Reserves (7)

GROUP 2 – Pilot Astronauts, September 1962:

Armstrong, Borman/USAF, Conrad/USN, Lovell/USN, McDivitt/USAF, See, Stafford/USAF, White/USAF, Young/USN (9)

GROUP 3 – Pilot Astronauts, October 1963:

Aldrin/USAF, Anders/USAF, Bassett/USAF, Bean/USN, Cernan/USN, Chaffee/USN, M. Collins/USAF, Cunningham/USMC Reserves, Eisele/USAF, Freeman/USAF, Gordon/USN, Schweickart/ANG, D. Scott/USAF, C. Williams/USMC (14)

GROUP 4 – Scientist Astronauts, June 1965:

Garriott, E. Gibson, Graveline, Kerwin/USN, Michel, Schmitt (6)

GROUP 5 – Pilot Astronauts, April 1966:

Brand, Bull/USN, Carr/USMC, Duke/USAF, Engle/USAF, Evans/USN, Givens/USAF, Haise, Irwin/USAF, Lind/USNR, Lousma/USMC, Mattingly/USN, McCandless/USN, Mitchell/USN, Pogue/USAF, Roosa/USAF, Swigert, Weitz/USN, Worden/USAF (19)

GROUP 6 – Scientist Astronauts, August 1967:

J. Allen, Chapman, England, Henize, Holmquest, Lenoir, Llewellyn, Musgrave, O’Leary, Parker, W. Thornton (11)

GROUP 7 – Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory Astronauts, August 1969:

Bobko/USAF, Crippen/USN, Fullerton/USAF, Hartsfield/USAF, Overmyer/USMC, Peterson/USAF, Truly/USN (7)

GROUP 8 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1978:

Bluford/USAF, Brandenstein/USN, Buchli/USMC, Coats/USN, Covey/USAF, Creighton/USN, Fabian/USAF, A. Fisher, D. Garner/USN, R. Gibson/USN, F. Gregory/USAF, Griggs/USNR, Hart/ANG, Hauck/USN, Hawley, Hoffman, Lucid, McBride/USN, McNair, Mullane/USAF, Nagel/USAF, Nelson, Onizuka/USAF, Resnik, Ride, Scobee/USAF, Seddon, Shaw/USAF, Shriver/USAF, Stewart/USA, Sullivan, Thagard, van Hoften/UNR, D. Walker/USN, D. Williams/USN (35)

GROUP 9 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1980:

Bagian/USAFR, Blaha/USAF, Bolden/USMC, Bridges/USAF, Chang-Diaz, Cleave, Dunbar, W. Fisher, G. Gardner/USAF, Grabe/USAF, Hilmers/USMC, Leestma/USN, Lounge, O’Connor/USMC, R. Richards/USN, Ross/USAF, M. Smith/USN, Spring/USA, Springer/USMC (19)

GROUP 10 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1984:

Adamson/USA, E. Baker, M. Brown/USAF, Cameron/USMC, Carter/USN, Casper/USAF, Culbertson/USN, Gutierrez/USAF, Hammond/USAF, Ivins, Lee/USAF, Low, McCulley/USN, W. Shepherd/USN, K. Thornton, Veach/ANG, Wetherbee/USN (17)

GROUP 11 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1985:

Apt, M. Baker/USN, Cabana/USMC, Duffy/USAF, Gemar/USA, Godwin, Hendricks/USAF, Hieb, Jernigan, Meade/USAF, Oswald/USNR, Thorne/USN, Thuot/USN (13)

GROUP 12 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, August 1987:

Akers/USAF, A. Allen/USMC, Bowersox/USN, C. Brown/USAF, Chilton/USAF, Davis, Foale, Harbaugh, Jemison, McMonagle/USAF, Melnick/USCG, Readdy/USN, Reightler/USN, Runco/USN, James Voss/USA (15)

GROUP 13 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1990:

Bursch/USN, Chiao, Clifford/USA, Cockrell/USN, E. Collins/USAF, Currie (Sherlock) USA, W. Gregory/USAF, Halsell/USAF, Harris, Helms/USAF, Jones, W. McArthur/USA, Newman, Ochoa, Precourt/USAF, Searfoss/USAF, Sega/USAFR, D. Thomas, Janice Voss, Walz/USAF, Wilcutt/USMC, Wisoff, Wolf/ANG (23)

GROUP 14 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, March 1992:

Barry, Brady/USN, Coleman/USAF, Gernhardt, Grunsfeld, Horowitz/USAF, Jett/USN, Kregel/, Lawrence/USN, Linenger/USN, Linnehan, Lopez-Alegria/USN, Parazynski, Rominger/USN, W. Scott/USN, S. Smith, Tanner, A. Thomas, M. Weber (19)

GROUP 15 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, January 1995:

Altman/USN, M. Anderson/USAF, Ashby/USN, Bloomfield/USAF, Chawla, Curbeam/USN, Edwards/USN, Gorie/USN, Hire/USNR, Husband/USAF, Kavandi, Lindsey/USAF, Lu, Melroy/USAF, Noriega/USMC, Reilly/USNR, S. Robinson, Kilrain (Still)/USN, Sturckow/USMC (19)

GROUP 16 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, May 1996:

D. Brown/USN, Burbank/USCG, Cagle/USAF, Caldeiro, Camarda, Carey/USAF, Clark/USN, Fincke/USAF, Forrester/USA, Frick/USN, Herrington/USN, Higginbotham, Hobaugh/USMC, J. Kelly/USAF, M. Kelly/USN, S. Kelly/USN, Lockhart/USAF, Loria/USMC, Magnus, Massimino, Mastracchio, McCool/USN, Morin/USN, Nowak/USN, Pettit, Phillips/USNR, Polansky, P. Richards, Sellers, Stefanyshyn-Piper/USN, Tani, Walheim/USAF, Whitson, J. Williams/USA, Wilson (35)

GROUP 17 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, June 1998:

C. Anderson, Archambault/USAF, Dyson (Caldwell), Chamitoff, Creamer/USA, Ferguson/USN, Foreman/USN, Fossum/USAFR, Ham/USN, G.C. Johnson/USNR, G.H. Johnson (Box)/USAF, Love, Melvin, B. Morgan, Oefelein/USN, Olivas, Patrick, Poindexter/USN, Reisman, Robertson, Swanson, Wheelock/USA, S. Williams/USN, Woodward/USN, Zamka/USMC (25)

GROUP 18 – Pilots and Mission Specialists, July 2000:

Antonelli/USN, Barratt, Behnken/USAF, Boe/USAF, Bowen/USN, Drew/USAF, Feustel, Ford/USAF, Garan/USAF, Good/USAF, Hurley/USMC, Kopra/USA, M. McArthur, Nyberg, Stott, Virts/USAF, Wilmore/USN (17)

GROUP 19 – Pilots, Mission Specialists & Educator Mission Specialists, May 2004:

Acaba (edu), Arnold (edu), Bresnik/USMC, Cassidy/USN, Dutton/USAF, Hernandez, Kimbrough/USA, Marshburn, Metcalf-Lindenburger (edu), Satcher, S. Walker (11)

GROUP 20 – U. S. Astronauts, July 2009:

Aunon, Epps, Fischer/USAF, Hopkins/USAF, Lindgren, Rubins, Tingle/USN, Vande Hei/USA, Wiseman/USN (9)

GROUP 21 – U.S. Astronauts, June 2013:

Cassada/USN, Glover/USN, Hague/USAF, Koch, Mann/USMC, McClain/USA, Meir, A. Morgan/USA (8)

GROUP 22– U.S. Astronauts, June 2017:

Barron/USN, Cardman, Chari/USAF, Dominick/USN, Hines/USAF, Hoburg, Kim/USN, Moghbeli/USMC, O’Hara, Rubio/USA, Watkins

GROUP 23– U.S. Astronauts, December 2021:

Ayers/USAF, Berrios/USAF, Birch, Burnham/USN, Delaney/USMC, Douglas, Hathaway/USN, Menon/USAF, Williams, Wittner/USN

4.0 CONGRESSIONAL SPACE MEDAL OF HONOR

President Carter gives Neil Armstrong the Congressional Space Medal of Honor
Astronaut Neil Armstrong received the first Congressional Space Medal of Honor from President Jimmy Carter, assisted by Captain Robert Peterson. Armstrong, one of six astronauts to be presented the medal during ceremonies held in the Vehicle Assembly Building, was awarded for his performance during the Gemini 8 mission and the Apollo 11 mission.

In honor of NASA’s 20th anniversary, President Jimmy Carter visited NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center on October 1, 1978, and awarded the first Congressional Space Medal of Honor to six former astronauts. Authorized by Congress in 1969, the award recognized “any astronaut who in the performance of his duties has distinguished himself by exceptionally meritorious efforts and contributions to the welfare of the Nation and mankind.” Recipients are recommended by the NASA Administrator and presented by the President of the United States. These astronauts received this special honor:

Neil A. Armstrong, for actions to overcome problems on the Gemini 8 mission and for Apollo 11 when he took his “…giant leap for mankind.”

Frank Borman, who commanded the Gemini 7 and Apollo 8 missions. The latter was the first manned spacecraft to orbit the Moon.

Charles Conrad, Jr., who participated in four space flights of increasing duration, complexity and achievement: Gemini 5, Gemini 11, Apollo 12, and Skylab 2. On the first manned Skylab mission, he commanded the crew that performed repairs to the damaged orbital workshop, thus saving the two-billion-dollar program from potential failure.

John H. Glenn, Jr., who in Mercury 6 was the first American to orbit the Earth. The success of his flight demonstrated the value of the human pilot in space.

Virgil I. Grissom (posthumously), the second American in space, who took part in Mercury and Gemini flights and lost his life during preparations for the first Apollo flight. He flew on Mercury 4 and Gemini 3.

Alan B. Shepard, Jr., who was the first American in space, aboard Mercury 3. He also commanded the Apollo 14 mission.

Roger B. Chaffee (posthumously) was one of the third group of astronauts chosen but lost his life before his first flight during preparations for the first Apollo flight. President William Clinton awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.

Edward H. White (posthumously) piloted Gemini 4 and performed the first U.S. space walk, floating outside the capsule for 21 minutes. President William Clinton awarded the medal on December 17, 1997.

John W. Young, who demonstrated leadership, courage, and technical skill in a space flight career that spanned two decades and five (at that time) space flights pivotal to human progress in space. He flew on Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, and STS-1 prior to receipt of the medal which was presented May 19, 1981, by President Ronald Reagan.

Thomas J. Stafford, who commanded the first flight of the lunar module to the Moon and the American crew that rendezvoused with a Soviet spacecraft in 1975. He was recognized for his past contributions, and for continuing to serve the Nation in charting a future vision for our space program. He flew on Gemini 6 and 9, Apollo 10, and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Vice President Dan Quayle at the direction of President George Bush presented the medal in 1992.

James A. Lovell, who flew on Gemini 7 and 12, and Apollo 8 and 13, was presented the medal on July 26, 1995. In his remarks, President Bill Clinton especially commended Lovell for his performance on Apollo 13, which demonstrated, “the kind of resourcefulness, grit, and grace under pressure that is the province of heroes.”

Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days in space on the U.S. space shuttle and the Russian space station Mir, was presented the medal on December 2, 1996. Noting that the medal is given out sparingly because it honors “extraordinary service to the nation,” President Bill Clinton added that “Dr. Lucid achieved that kind of service for 188 days this year, the longest flight by an American in space, the longest time for any woman of any nation in space, five shuttle missions altogether.”

William Shepherd, who was the first astronaut to command a crew on the International Space Station, received the medal from President George W. Bush on January 15, 2003. Shepherd and the two other members of his crew spent 141 days in space, beginning a new era of international cooperation in space exploration.

Rick D. Husband, Willie C. McCool, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla, Michael P. Anderson, Laurel B. Clark and Ilan Ramon were posthumously presented the medal for their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nations and mankind. President George W. Bush presented the medal to their families on February 3, 2004.

Francis R. Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Judith A. Resnik, Ellison S. Onizuka, Ronald E. McNair, Gregory B. Jarvis and Sharon Christa McAuliffe were posthumously presented the medal for their ultimate sacrifice in service to their nation and mankind. President George W. Bush presented the medal to their families on July 23, 2004.

Robert Crippen was presented the medal for his dedicated service to the country as a military aviator, test pilot, engineer, and astronaut, including his assignment as pilot for the historic STS-1 mission, the first orbital spaceflight of the Space Shuttle program. In the same month as the 25th anniversary of STS-1, the medal was presented by NASA Administrator Michael Griffin in the name of President George W. Bush on April 26, 2006.

5.0 ASTRONAUTS AFFILIATIONS TO STATES

5.1 ASTRONAUT BIRTHPLACES

Image showing city lights of the United Statees
NASA image acquired April 18 – October 23, 2012 This image of the United States of America at night is a composite assembled from data acquired by the Suomi NPP satellite in April and October 2012.
STATE ASTRONAUT STATUS
Alabama (6) Hartsfield, Henry 
Hire, Kathryn 
Jemison, Mae
Thornton, Kathryn 
Voss, James S.
Williams, Clifton C.
Deceased
Former
Former
Former
Former
Deceased
Alaska (1) Burnham, M. Deniz Active
Arizona (3) Birch, M. Christina
Creamer, T. J.
Smith, Steven
Active
Management
Former
Arkansas (2) Covey, Richard
Parazynski, Scott
Former
Former
California (30) Acaba, Joseph 
Dyson, Tracy C. 
Cassada, Josh A. 
Chamitoff, Gregory 
Chilton, Kevin 
Clifford, Michael 
Coats, Michael 
Glover, Victor J. 
Hauck, Rick 
Hernandez, Jose 
Kim, Jonny 
Lindsey, Steve 
Love, Stanley 
Mann, Nicole Anuapu 
McCulley, Michael 
McCool, Willie 
Melroy, Pamela 
Morgan, Barbara 
Ochoa, Ellen 
O’Connor, Bryan 
Olivas, John “Danny” 
Poindexter, Alan 
Ride, Sally 
Robinson, Steve 
Rubio, Frank 
Sturckow, Rick 
van Hoften, James 
Walheim, Rex 
Wittner, A. Jessica 
Young, John 
Management 
Active 
Former
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Management 
Active 
Former 
Deceased 
Management 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Deceased 
Colorado (11) Ayers, Nichole 
Brand, Vance 
Carpenter, Scott 
Carr, Gerald 
Dominick, Matthew 
Fischer, Jack 
Lounge, John “Mike” 
Metcalf-Lindenburger, Dottie 
Rominger, Kent 
Roosa, Stuart 
Swigert, John 
Active 
Former  
Deceased 
Deceased 
Active 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Connecticut (7) Barry, Dan 
Burbank, Dan 
Hathaway, Jack 
Mastracchio, Richard 
Rubins, Kathleen “Kate” 
Spring, Sherwood “Woody” 
Thuot, Pierre 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Former 
DC (Washington) (4) Drew, B. Alvin 
Gregory, Fred 
Nowak, Lisa 
Stewart, Robert 
Management 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Delaware (1) Currie, Nancy  Former 
Florida (8) Boe, Eric 
Davis, Jan 
Delaney, Luke 
Lawrence, Wendy 
Lenoir, William 
Richards, Richard 
Scott, Winston 
Thagard, Norman 
Active 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Georgia (5) Bridges, Roy 
Carter, Manley “Sonny” 
Hammond, Blaine 
Kilrain, Susan (Still) 
Walker, David 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Hawaii (2) McArthur, Megan 
Onizuka, Ellison 
Active 
Deceased 
Idaho (2) Barron, Kayla 
Reilly, James 
Active 
Former 
Illinois (15) Altman, Scott 
Archambault, Lee J. 
Cardman, Zena 
Cernan, Eugene 
Grunsfeld, John 
Higginbotham, Joan 
Kerwin, Joe 
Magnus, Sandy 
Mattingly, Tom 
McDivitt, James “Jim” 
Meade, Carl 
Nagel, Steve 
Tanner, Joe 
Veach, Charles “Lacy” 
Woodward, Neil 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Indiana (11) Allen, Joe 
Auñón-Chancellor, Serena 
Borman, Frank 
Brown, Mark 
England, Anthony “Tony” 
Ford, Kevin 
Grissom, Virgil “Gus” 
Ross, Jerry 
Voss, Janice E. 
Williams, Donald 
Wolf, David 
Former 
Management 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Former 
Iowa (7) Clark, Laurel 
Cunningham, Walter 
Hilmers, Dave 
Kelly, James “Jim” 
Nelson, George 
Shriver, Loren 
Whitson, Peggy 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Former 
Management 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Kansas (4) Engle, Joseph 
Evans, Ronald 
Hague, Tyler N. “Nick”  
Hawley, Steven 
Deceased
Deceased 
Active 
Former 
Kentucky (2) Bresnik, Randolph “Randy” 
Wilcutt, Terrance “Terry” 
Active 
Former 
Louisiana (2) Gorie, Dominic 
Halsell, James 
Former 
Former 
Maine (2) Hobaugh, Charles 
Meir, Jessica U. 
Former 
Active 
Maryland (9) Arnold, Richard “Ricky” 
Curbeam, Robert 
Ivins, Marsha 
Jones, Tom 
Reightler, Kenneth 
Virts, Terry 
Watkins, Jessica 
Wiseman, G. Reid 
Williams, L. Christopher 
Management 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Active 
Active 
Massachusetts (13) Apt, Jay 
Bowen, Steve 
Cassidy, Christopher J. 
Duffy, Brian 
Linnehan, Richard 
Loria, Chris 
Lu, Ed 
McCandless, Bruce 
Musgrave, Story 
O’Leary, Brian 
Precourt, Charlie 
Tingle, Scott 
Wilson, Stephanie 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Former 
Management 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Active 
Active 
Michigan (11) Antonelli, Dominic “Tony” 
Bloomfield, Michael 
Chaffee, Roger 
Jett, Brent 
Leestma, David 
Linenger, Jerry 
Lousma, Jack 
McMonagle, Donald 
Searfoss, Richard 
Shaw, Brewster 
Worden, Al 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Deceased 
Minnesota (6) Cabana, Robert  
Carey, Duane 
Gardner, Dale 
Menon, S. Anil 
Nyberg, Karen 
Stefanyshyn-Piper, H.M.
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Active 
Former
Former  
Mississippi (3) Haise, Fred 
Peterson, Donald 
Truly, Richard 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Missouri (6) Akers, Thomas 
Behnken, Robert 
Godwin, Linda 
Hopkins, Mike 
Kavandi, Janet 
Springer, Robert 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Nebraska (1) Anderson, Clayton  Former 
New Hampshire (2) Morin, Lee 
Shepard, Alan 
Management 
Deceased 
New Jersey (10) Aldrin, Edwin “Buzz” 
Ham, Ken 
Kelly, Mark 
Kelly, Scott 
Polansky, Mark 
Reisman, Garrett 
Schirra, Walter “Wally” 
Schweickart, Russell “Rusty” 
Sullivan, Kathy 
Zamka, George 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
New Mexico (2) Gutierrez, Sidney 
Schmitt, Harrison 
Former 
Former 
New York (26) Adamson, James 
Anderson, Michael 
Bobko, Karol 
Cagle, Yvonne 
Camarda, Charles J. 
Cleave, Mary 
Collins, Eileen 
Epps, Jeanette 
Fisher, Anna 
Fullerton, Gordon 
Garan, Ronald 
Gibson, Edward 
Gibson, Robert   
Grabe, Ron 
Gregory, William 
Hurley, Douglas 
Hoffman, Jeffrey 
Kregel, Kevin 
Massimino, Michael 
Melnick, Bruce 
Parker, Robert 
Runco, Mario 
Stott, Nicole 
Swanson, Steve 
Wetherbee, James 
Wheelock, Douglas 
Former 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Management 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Active 
North Carolina (11) Baker, Ellen 
Brady, Charles 
Brown, Curt 
Duke, Charlie 
Helms, Susan 
Hines, Robert “Bob” T. 
Koch, Christina Hammock 
Marshburn, Tom 
McArthur, William “Bill” 
Smith, Michael 
Thornton, William “Bill” 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Active 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Deceased 
North Dakota (2) Buchli, James 
Hieb, Richard 
Former 
Former 
Ohio (20) Armstrong, Neil 
Bassett, Charles 
Cameron, Kenneth 
Eisele, Donn 
Foreman, Michael 
Gernhardt, Michael 
Glenn, John 
Good, Michael 
Harbaugh, Greg 
Henize, Karl 
Henricks, Terence 
Lovell, James 
Low, G. David 
Overmyer, Robert 
Resnik, Judy 
Sega, Ronald 
Thomas, Donald 
Walz, Carl 
Weber, Mary Ellen 
Williams, Sunita 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Oklahoma (5) Cooper, Gordon 
Garriott, Owen 
Herrington, John 
Pogue, William 
Stafford, Thomas 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Oregon (3) Dutton, James 
Griggs, S. David 
Pettit, Donald 
Former 
Deceased 
Active 
Pennsylvania (18) Allen, Andy 
Bagian, James 
Bluford, Guion 
Bursch, Daniel 
Conrad, Charles 
Ferguson, Chris 
Feustel, Drew 
Fincke, Michael 
Freeman, Theodore 
Frick, Steven 
Hart, Terry 
Hoburg, Warren “Woody” 
Horowitz, Scott 
Irwin, James 
Richards, Paul 
Robertson, Patricia 
Tani, Daniel 
Weitz, Paul 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Deceased
Former 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Deceased
Rhode Island (1) Readdy, William  Former 
South Carolina (5) Bolden, Charles 
Casper, John 
Coleman, Catherine “Cady” 
Culbertson, Frank 
McNair, Ronald 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
South Dakota (2) Fossum, Michael 
Gemar, Charles “Sam” 
Former 
Former 
Tennessee (6) Baker, Michael 
Bull, John 
Jernigan, Tammy 
Seddon, Margaret 
Shepherd, William 
Wilmore, Barry “Butch” 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Texas (23) Ashby, Jeff 
Bean, Alan 
Blaha, John 
Cockrell, Ken 
Creighton, John 
Crippen, Robert 
Fabian, John 
Fisher, William 
Forrester, Patrick 
Givens, Edward 
Harris, Bernard 
Holmquest, Donald 
Husband, Rick 
Kimbrough, Robert “Shane” 
Kopra, Tim 
Lockhart, Paul 
Mitchell, Edgar 
Mullane, Mike 
O’Hara, Loral 
Scott, David 
See, Eliot 
Walker, Shannon 
White, Edward 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Deceased 
Active 
Deceased 
Utah (1) Lind, Don  Deceased
Vermont (1) Graveline, Duane  Deceased
Virginia (11) Bowersox, Ken 
Brown, David 
Douglas, Andre 
Edwards, Joe 
Gardner, Guy 
Melvin, Leland 
Oefelein, Bill 
Phillips, John 
Satcher, Robert  “Bobby” 
Vande Hei, Mark 
Wisoff, Peter J.K. (Jeff) 
Management 
Deceased 
Active 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Washington (7) Barratt, Mike 
Dunbar, Bonnie 
Gordon, Richard 
Johnson, Greg C.  
McClain, Anne C.  
Oswald, Steve 
Scobee, Richard 
Active 
Former 
Deceased 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Deceased 
West Virginia (2) McBride, John 
Morgan, Andrew R.  
Former 
Active 
Wisconsin (7) Brandenstein, Daniel 
Chari, Raja 
Chiao, Leroy 
Lee, Mark 
Michel, Curtis 
Slayton, Donald K. “Deke” 
Williams, Jeffrey “Jeff” 
Former 
Active 
Former 
Former 
Deceased 
Deceased 
Former 
Puerto Rico (1) Berrios, G. Marcos Active

5.2 ASTRONAUT HOMETOWNS

The STS-120 crew members are ready for their return to flight to Houston. From left are Pilot George Zamka, Mission Specialists Paolo Nespoli, Doug Wheelock, Stephanie Wilson and Scott Parazynski, and Commander Pamela Melroy. A welcoming ceremony for the crew is planned at NASA’s Hangar 276 on the south end of Ellington Field in Texas. On the 15-day mission, the STS-120 crew continued the construction of the station with the installation of the Harmony Node 2 module and the relocation of the P6 truss. They landed Nov. 7 at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.
ASTRONAUT STATUS HOMETOWN
Acaba, Joseph M. Management Anaheim, Calif.
Adamson, James C. Former Woodbine, Md.
Akers, Thomas D. Former Eminence, Mo.
Aldrin, Buzz Former Montclair, N.J.
Allen, Andrew M.   Former Philadelphia, Pa. 
Allen, Joseph P.   Former Crawfordsville, Ind. 
Altman, Scott D.   Former Lincoln, Ill. 
Anders, William A.   Deceased Hong Kong 
Anderson, Clayton C.   Former Ashland, Neb. 
Anderson, Michael P.   Deceased Spokane, Wash. 
Antonelli, Dominic A.   Former Indiana & N.C. 
Apt, Jerome, III   Former Pittsburgh, Pa.  
Archambault, Lee J.   Former Bellwood, Ill.  
Armstrong, Neil A.   Deceased Wapakoneta, Ohio 
Arnold, Richard R., II   Management Bowie, Md. 
Ashby, Jeffrey S.   Former Evergreen, Colo.  
Auñón-Chancellor, Serena M.   Management Fort Collins, Colo. 
Ayers, Nichole  Active Divide, Colo. & 
Colorado Spring, Colo. 
Bagian, James P.   Former Philadelphia, Pa.  
Baker, Ellen S.   Former New York, N.Y. 
Baker, Michael A.   Former Lemoore, Calif. 
Barratt, Michael R.   Active Camas, Wash. 
Barron, Kayla  Active Richland, Wash. 
Barry, Daniel T.   Former South Hadley, Mass. 
Bassett, Charles A., II   Deceased Dayton, Ohio 
Bean, Alan L.   Deceased Wheeler, Texas 
Behnken, Robert L.   Former St. Ann, Mo. 
Berrios, Marcos  Active Guaynabo, Puerto Rico 
Birch, Christina Active Gilbert, Ariz. 
Blaha, John E.   Former San Antonio, Texas 
Bloomfield, Michael J.   Former Lake Fenton, Mich. 
Bluford, Guion S., Jr.   Former Philadelphia, Pa. 
Bobko, Karol J.   Deceased New York City 
Boe, Eric A.   Active Atlanta, Ga. 
Bolden, Charles F., Jr.   Former Alexandria, Va. 
Borman, Frank   Deceased Tucson, Ariz. 
Bowen, Stephen G.   Active Cohasset, Mass. 
Bowersox, Kenneth D.   Management Bedford, Ind. 
Brady, Charles E., Jr.   Deceased Pinehurst, N.C. 
Brand, Vance D.   Former Longmont, Colo. 
Brandenstein, Daniel C.   Former Watertown, Wis. 
Bresnik, Randolph J.   Active Santa Monica, Calif. 
Bridges, Roy D., Jr.   Former Gainesville, Ga.  
Brown, Curtis L., Jr.   Former Elizabethtown, N.C. 
Brown, David M.   Deceased Arlington, Va. 
Brown, Mark N.   Former Valparaiso, Ind. 
Buchli, James F.   Former New Rockford & Fargo, N.D. 
Bull, John S.   Deceased Memphis, Tenn.  
Burbank, Daniel C.   FormFormerer Yarmouth Port, Mass. 
Burnham, Deniz  Active Wasilla, Alaska 
Bursch, Daniel W.   Former Vestal, N.Y. 
Cabana, Robert D.   Former Minneapolis, Minn. 
Cagle, Yvonne D.   Management Novato, Calif. 
Caldeiro, Fernando   Decaesed Merritt Island, Fla. & New York 
Camarda, Charles J.   Former Queens, N.Y. 
Cameron, Kenneth D.   Former Cleveland, Ohio 
Cardman, Zena  Active Williamsburg, Va.  
Carey, Duane G.   Former St. Paul, Minn. 
Carpenter, M. Scott   Deceased Boulder, Colo. 
Carr, Gerald P.   Deceased Santa Ana, Calif. 
Carter, Manley Lanier, Jr.   Deceased Warner Robins, Ga. 
Casper, John H.   Former Gainesville, Ga.  
Cassada, Josh A.  Former White Bear Lake, Minn. 
Cassidy, Christopher J.   Former York, Maine 
Cernan, Eugene A.   Deceased Chicago, Ill.  
Chaffee, Roger B.   Deceased Grand Rapids, Mich.  
Chamitoff, Gregory E.   Former Montreal, Canada 
Chang-Diaz, Franklin R.   Former San Jose, Costa Rica 
Chapman, Philip K.   Deceased Melbourne, Australia 
Chari, Raja  Active Cedar Falls, Iowa 
Chawla, Kalpana   Deceased Karnal, India 
Chiao, Leroy   Former Danville, Calif. 
Chilton, Kevin P.   Former Los Angeles 
Clark, Laurel B.   Deceased Racine, Wis. 
Cleave, Mary L.   Deceased Southampton, N.Y. 
Clifford, Michael R.   Deceased Ogden, Utah 
Coats, Michael L.   Former Riverside, Calif. 
Cockrell, Kenneth D.   Former Rockdale, Texas 
Coleman, Catherine G.   Former Charleston, S.C. 
Collins, Eileen M.   Former Elmira, N.Y. 
Collins, Michael   Deceased Rome, Italy 
Conrad, Charles, Jr.   Deceased Philadelphia, Pa.  
Cooper, L. Gordon, Jr.   Deceased Shawnee, Okla. 
Covey, Richard O.   Former Fort Walton Beach, Fla. 
Creamer, Timothy J.   Management Upper Marlboro, Md.  
Creighton, John O.   Former Seattle, Wash. 
Crippen, Robert L.   Former Beaumont, Texas 
Culbertson, Frank L., Jr.   Former Holly Hill, S.C. 
Cunningham, Walter   Deceased Creston, Iowa 
Curbeam, Robert L., Jr.   Former Baltimore, Md. 
Currie, Nancy J.   Former Troy, Ohio 
Davis, N. Jan   Former Cocoa Beach, Fla. 
Delaney, Luke  Active Debary, Fla. 
Dominick, Matthew  Active Wheat Ridge, Colo. 
Douglas, Andre  Active Chesapeake, Va. 
Drew, B. Alvin, Jr.   Management Washington, D.C. 
Duffy, Brian   Former Boston, Mass. 
Duke, Charles M., Jr.   Former Charlotte, N.C. 
Dunbar, Bonnie J.   Former Sunnyside, Wash. 
Dutton, James P., Jr.   Former Eugene, Ore.  
Dyson, Tracy E. C.  Active Arcadia, Calif. 
Edwards, Joe F., Jr.   Former Lineville & Roanoke, Ala. 
Eisele, Donn F.   Deceased Columbus, Ohio 
England, Anthony W.   Former West Fargo, N.D. 
Engle, Joe H.   Deceased Dickinson County, Kan. 
Epps, Jeanette J.   Active Syracuse, N.Y. 
Evans, Ronald E., Jr.   Deceased St. Francis, Kan. 
Fabian, John M.   Former Pullman, Wash. 
Ferguson, Christopher J.   Former Philadelphia, Pa.  
Feustel, Andrew J.   Former Lake Orion, Mich. 
Fincke, E. Michael   Active Emsworth, Pa.  
Fischer, Jack D.   Former Louisville, Colo. 
Fisher, Anna L.   Former San Pedro, Calif. 
Fisher, William F.   Former Dallas, Texas 
Foale, C. Michael   Former  Cambridge, England 
Ford, Kevin A.   Former  Montpelier, Ind. 
Foreman, Michael J.   Former  Wadsworth, Ohio
Forrester, Patrick G.   Former El Paso, Texas 
Fossum, Michael E.   Former  McAllen, Texas 
Freeman, Theodore C.   Deceased Haverford, Pa. 
Frick, Stephen N.   Former  Gibsonia, Pa. 
Fullerton, Charles G.   Deceased Portland, Oregon
Garan, Ronald J., Jr.   Former  Yonkers, N.Y. 
Gardner, Dale A.   Deceased Fairmont, Minn. 
Gardner, Guy S.   Former  Alexandria, Va. 
Garriott, Owen K.   Deceased Enid, Okla. 
Gemar, Charles D.   Former  Scotland, S.D. 
Gernhardt, Michael L.   Former  Mansfield, Ohio 
Gibson, Edward G.   Former  Buffalo, N.Y. 
Gibson, Robert L.   Former  Lakewood, Calif. 
Givens, Edward G., Jr.   Deceased Quanah, Texas 
Glenn, John H., Jr.   Deceased Cambridge, Ohio 
Glover, Victor J.  Active Pomona, Calif. 
Godwin, Linda M.   Former  Jackson, Mo. 
Good, Michael T.   Former  Broadview Heights, Ohio 
Gordon, Richard F., Jr.   Deceased Seattle, Wash. 
Gorie, Dominic L.   Former  Lake Charles, La. 
Grabe, Ronald J.   Former  New York, N.Y. 
Graveline, Duane E.   Deceased Newport, Vt. 
Gregory, Frederick D.   Former  Washington, D.C. 
Gregory, William G.   Former  Lockport, N.Y. 
Griggs, S. David   Deceased Portland, Ore. 
Grissom, Virgil I.   Deceased Mitchell, Ind. 
Grunsfeld, John M.   Former Chicago, Ill.  
Gutierrez, Sidney M.   Former Albuquerque, N.M. 
Haise, Fred W., Jr.   Former Biloxi, Miss. 
Hague, Tyler N.  Active Hoxie, Kan. 
Halsell, James D., Jr.   Former  West Monroe, La. 
Ham, Kenneth T.   Former  Plainfield, N.J. 
Hammond, L. Blaine, Jr.   Former  St. Louis, Mo. 
Harbaugh, Gregory J.   Former  Willoughby, Ohio 
Harris, Bernard A., Jr.   Former  Temple, Texas 
Hart, Terry J.   Former  Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Hartsfield, Henry W., Jr.   Deceased Birmingham, Ala. 
Hathaway, Jack   Active South Windsor, Conn. 
Hauck, Frederick H.   Former  Long Beach, Calif. 
Hawley, Steven A.   Former  Salina, Kan. 
Helms, Susan J.   Former  Portland, Ore. 
Henize, Karl G.   Deceased Cincinnati, Ohio 
Henricks, Terence T.   Former  Woodville, Ohio 
Hernandez, Jose M.   Former  Stockton, Calif. 
Herrington, John B.  Former  Colorado Springs, Colo. & Riverton, Wyo. & Plano, Texas 
Hieb, Richard J.   Former  Jamestown, N.D. 
Higginbotham, Joan E.   Former  Chicago, Ill. 
Hilmers, David C.   Former  DeWitt, Iowa 
Hines, Robert “Bob” T.  Active Harrisburg, Pa. 
Hire, Kathryn P.   Former  Mobile, Ala. & Merritt Island, Fla.  
Hobaugh, Charles O.   Former  Bar Harbor, Maine 
Hoburg, Warren “Woody”  Active Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Hoffman, Jeffrey A.   Former  Scarsdale, N.Y. 
Holmquest, Donald L.   Former  Dallas, Texas 
Hopkins, Michael S.   Active Richland, Mo. 
Horowitz, Scott J.   Former  Thousand Oaks, Calif. 
Hurley, Douglas G.   Former  Apalachin, N.Y. 
Husband, Rick D.   Deceased Amarillo, Texas 
Irwin, James B.   Deceased Pittsburgh, Pa.  
Ivins, Marsha S.   Former  Baltimore, Md.  
Jemison, Mae C.   Former  Chicago, Ill. 
Jernigan, Tamara E.   Former  Chattanooga, Tenn.  
Jett, Brent W.   Former  Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.  
Johnson, Gregory C.   Former  Seattle, Wash. 
Johnson, Gregory H.   Former  South Ruislip, Middlesex, U.K. 
Jones, Thomas D.   Former  Baltimore, Md. 
Kavandi, Janet L.   Former  Springfield, Mo. 
Kelly, James “Jim” M.   Management Burlington, Iowa 
Kelly, Mark E.   Former  West Orange, N.J. 
Kelly, Scott J.   Former  West Orange, N.J. 
Kerwin, Joseph P.   Former  Oak Park, Ill. 
Kilrain (Still), Susan L.   Former  Augusta, Ga. 
Kim, Jonny  Active Los Angeles, Calif. 
Kimbrough, Robert Shane  Former  Killeen, Texas 
Koch, Christina Hammock  Active Jacksonville, N.C. & Livingston, Mont. 
Kopra, Timothy L.   Former  Austin, Texas 
Kregel, Kevin R.   Former  Amityville, N.Y. 
Lawrence, Wendy B.   Former  Jacksonville, Fla.  
Lee, Mark C.   Former  Viroqua, Wis. 
Leestma, David C.   Former  Muskegon, Mich.  
Lenoir, William B.   Deceased Miami, Fla.  
Lind, Don L.   Deceased Midvale, Utah 
Lindgren, Kjell N.   Active United Kingdom 
Lindsey, Steven W.   Former Temple City, Calif. 
Linenger, Jerry M.   Former Eastpointe, Mich.  
Linnehan, Richard M.   Management Lowell, Mass. 
Llewellyn, John A.   Deceased Cardiff, Wales, U.K. 
Lockhart, Paul S.   Former  Amarillo, Texas 
Lopez-Alegria, Michael E.   Former  Mission Viejo, Calif. 
Loria, Christopher J.   Former  Belmont, Mass. 
Lounge, J. Mike   Deceased Burlington, Colo. 
Lousma, Jack R.   Former  Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Love, Stanley G.   Management Eugene, Ore. 
Lovell, James A., Jr.   Former  Cleveland, Ohio 
Low, G. David   Deceased Cleveland, Ohio 
Lu, Edward T.   Former  Honolulu, Hawaii & Webster N.Y. 
Lucid, Shannon W.   Former  Bethany, Okla. 
Magnus, Sandra H.   Former  Belleville, Ill. 
Mann, Nicole Aunapu  Active Petaluma, Calif. 
Marshburn, Thomas H.   Former  Statesville, N.C. 
Massimino, Michael J.   Former  Franklin Square, N.Y. 
Mastracchio, Richard A.   Former  Waterbury, Conn. 
Mattingly, Thomas K., II   Deceased Miami, Fla. 
McArthur, K. Megan   Active San Jose, California
McArthur, William S., Jr.   Former  Wakulla, N.C. 
McBride, Jon A.   Former  Beckley, W. Va. 
McCandless, Bruce, II   Deceased Boston, Mass. 
McClain, Anne C.  Active Spokane, Wash. 
McCool, William C.   Deceased San Diego, Calif. 
McCulley, Michael J.   Former  Livingston, Tenn. 
McDivitt, James A.   Deceased Chicago, Ill. 
McMonagle, Donald R.   Former Flint, Mich. 
McNair, Ronald E.   Deceased Lake City, S.C. 
Meade, Carl J.   Former Canyon Country, California
Meir, Jessica U.  Active Caribou, Maine 
Melnick, Bruce E.   Former  Inglis, Fla. 
Melroy, Pamela A.   Management Palo Alto, Calif. 
Melvin, Leland D.   Former Lynchburg, Va. 
Menon, Anil  Active Minneapolis, Minn. 
Metcalf-Lindenberger, Dorothy  Former  Fort Collins, Colo. 
Michel, F. Curtis   Deceased La Crosse, Wis. 
Mitchell, Edgar D.   Deceased Artesia, N.M. 
Moghbeli, Jasmin  Active Baldwin, N.Y. 
Morgan, Andrew R.  Active New Castle, Pa.  
Morgan, Barbara R.   Former  Fresno, Calif. 
Morin, Lee M.   Management Manchester, N.H. 
Mullane, Richard M.   Former  Albuquerque, N.M. 
Musgrave, Story   Former  Lexington, Ky.  
Nagel, Steven R.   Deceased Canton, Ill.  
Nelson, George D.   Former  Willmar, Minn. 
Newman, James H.   Former  San Diego, Calif. 
Noriega, Carlos I.   Former  Santa Clara, Calif. 
Nowak, Lisa M.   Former  Washington, D.C. 
Nyberg, Karen L.   Former  Vining, Minn. 
O’Connor, Bryan D.   Former  Twentynine Palms, Calif. 
O’Hara, Loral  Active Sugar Land, Texas 
O’Leary, Brian T.   Deceased Boston, Mass. 
Ochoa, Ellen   Former  La Mesa, Calif. 
Oefelein, William A.   Former  Anchorage, Alaska 
Olivas, John D.   Former  El Paso, Texas 
Onizuka, Ellison S.   Deceased Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii 
Oswald, Stephen S.   Former  Bellingham, Wash. 
Overmyer, Robert F.   Deceased Westlake, Ohio 
Parazynski, Scott E.   Former  Little Rock, Ark. 
Parker, Robert A.   Former  Shrewsbury, Mass. 
Patrick, Niclolas J. M.   Former  London, England & Rye, N.Y. 
Peterson, Donald H.   Deceased Winona, Miss. 
Pettit, Donald R.   Active Silverton, Oregon 
Phillips, John L.   Former  Fort Belvoir, Va. 
Pogue, William R.   Deceased Okemah, Okla. 
Poindexter, Alan G.   Deceased Rockville, Md. 
Polansky, Mark L.   Former  Edison, N.J. 
Precourt, Charles J.   Former  Hudson, Mass. 
Readdy, William F.   Former  McLean, Va. 
Reightler, Kenneth S., Jr.   Former  Virginia Beach, Va. 
Reilly, James F., II   Former  Mesquite, Texas 
Reisman, Garrett E.   Former  Parsippany, N.J. 
Resnik, Judith A.   Deceased Akron, Ohio 
Richards, Paul W.   Former  Dunmore Pa.  
Richards, Richard N.   Former  Houston, Texas 
Ride, Sally K.   Deceased Los Angeles, Calif. 
Robertson, Patricia Hilliard   Deceased Indiana, Pa.  
Robinson, Stephen K.   Former  Sacramento, Calif. 
Rominger, Kent V.   Former  Del Norte, Colo. 
Roosa, Stuart A.   Deceased Durango, Colo.  
Ross, Jerry L.   Former  Crown Point, Ind.  
Rubins, Kathleen (Kate)   Active Napa, Calif. 
Rubio, Frank  Active Miami, Fla.  
Runco, Mario, Jr.   Former  Bronx, N.Y. 
Satcher, Robert L., Jr.   Former  Hampton, Va.  
Schirra, Walter M., Jr.   Deceased Hackensack, N.J. 
Schmitt, Harrison H.   Former  Santa Rita, N.M. 
Schweickart, Russell L.   Former  Neptune, N.J. 
Scobee, Francis R.   Deceased Cle Elum, Wash.  
Scott, David R.   Former  San Antonio, Texas 
Scott, Winston E.   Former  Miami, Fla.  
Searfoss, Richard A.   Deceased Mount Clemens, Mich. 
Seddon, Margaret Rhea   Former  Murfreesboro, Tenn.  
See, Elliot M., Jr.   Deceased Dallas, Texas 
Sega, Ronald M.   Former  Cleveland, Ohio 
Sellers, Piers J.   Deceased Crowborough, Sussex, U.K. 
Shaw, Brewster H., Jr.   Former  Cass City, Mich. 
Shepard, Alan B., Jr.   Deceased East Derry, N.H. 
Shepherd, William M.   Former  Babylon, N.Y. 
Shriver, Loren J.   Former  Paton, Iowa 
Slayton, Donald K.   Deceased Sparta, Wis.  
Smith, Michael J.   Deceased Beaufort, N.C. 
Smith, Steven L.   Former  San Jose, Calif. 
Spring, Sherwood C.   Former  Harmony, R.I. 
Springer, Robert C.   Former  Ashland, Ohio 
Stafford, Thomas P.   Former  Weatherford, Okla. 
Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie  Former  St. Paul, Minn. 
Stewart, Robert L.   Former  Washington, D.C. 
Stott, Nicole P.   Former  Clearwater, Fla.  
Sturckow, Frederick W.   Former  Lakeside, Calif. 
Sullivan, Kathryn D.   Former  Woodland Hills, Calif. 
Swanson, Steven R.   Former  Steamboat Springs, Colo. 
Swigert, John L., Jr.   Deceased Denver, Colo. 
Tani, Daniel M.   Former  Lombard, Ill. 
Tanner, Joseph R.   Former  Danville, Ill. 
Thagard, Norman E.   Former  Jacksonville, Fla. 
Thomas, Andrew S. W.   Former  Adelaide, South Australia 
Thomas, Donald A.   Former  Cleveland, Ohio 
Thorne, Stephen D.   Deceased Frankfurt-on-Main, West Germany 
Thornton, Kathryn C.   Former  Montgomery, Ala. 
Thornton, William E.   Deceased Faison, N.C. 
Thuot, Pierre J.   Former  Fairfax, Va. & New Bedford, Mass. 
Tingle, Scott D. Active Randolph, Mass. 
Truly, Richard H.   Former  Fayette, Miss. 
Van Hoften, James D.   Former  Burlingame, Calif. 
Vande Hei, Mark T.   Active Chanhassen, Minn. 
Veach, Charles Lacy   Deceased Honolulu, Hawaii 
Virts, Terry W., Jr.   Former  Columbia, Md. 
Voss, James S.   Former  Opelika, Ala. 
Voss, Janice E.   Deceased Rockford, Ill. 
Walheim, Rex J.   Former  San Carlos, Calif. 
Walker, David M.   Deceased Columbus, Ga. 
Walker, Shannon   Active Houston, Texas 
Walz, Carl E.   Former Cleveland, Ohio 
Watkins, Jessica  Active Lafayette, Colo. 
Weber, Mary E.   Former  Bedford Heights, Ohio 
Weitz, Paul J.   Deceased Erie, Pa. 
Wetherbee, James D.   Former  Huntington Station, N.Y. 
Wheelock, Douglas H.   Active Windsor, N.Y. 
White, Edward H., II   Deceased San Antonio, Texas 
Whitson, Peggy A.   Former  Beaconsfield, Iowa 
Wilcutt, Terrence W.   Former  Louisville, Ky. 
Williams, Christopher  Active Potomac, Md. 
Williams, Clifton C., Jr.   Deceased Mobile, Ala. 
Williams, Donald E.   Deceased Lafayette, Ind. 
Williams, Jeffrey N.   Former  Winter, Wis.  
Williams, Sunita L.   Active Needham, Mass. 
Wilmore, Barry E.   Active Mt. Juliet, Tenn. 
Wilson, Stephanie D.   Active Boston, Mass. 
Wiseman, G. Reid   Active Baltimore, Md.  
Wisoff, Peter J. K.   Former  Norfolk, Va. 
Wittner, Jessica  Active Clovis, Calif. 
Wolf, David A.   Former  Indianapolis, Ind. 
Woodward, Neil W., III   Former  Chicago, Ill. 
Worden, Alfred M.   Deceased Jackson, Mich. 
Young, John W.   Deceased San Francisco, Calif.  
Zamka, George D.  Former  New York & Irvington, N.Y. & Rochester Hills, Mich. & Medellin, Colombia 

5.3 ASTRONAUT COLLEGES

Astronaut Drew Feustel receiving an honorary Doctorate degree from the University of Purdue
View taken of Astronaut Drew Feustel receiving an honorary Doctorate degree from the University of Purdue. Feustel, along with Purdue Alumnus Scott Tingle, will also participate in Purdue’s commencement ceremony, sharing words with the recent graduates.

ALABAMA

  • Auburn University (6)
    • Former: J. Davis, K. Thornton, J.S. Voss
    • Deceased: H. Hartsfield, C. Williams, T. Mattingly
  • Troy State (4)
    • Former: K. Ford, W. Gregory, J. Halsell, K. Kregel
  • University of Alabama (2)
    • Active: R.T. Hines
    • Management: J. Kelly
  • University of Alabama-Huntsville (1)
    • Former: J. Davis
  • University of Alabama-Birmingham (1)
    • Management: L. Morin
  • Air University (1)
    • Active: V. Glover
  • Air War College (1)
    • Active: Randy Bresnik

ARIZONA

  • University of Arizona (7)
    • Active: D. Pettit, C. Birch, J. Wittner
    • Management: J. Acaba
    • Former: T. Jones, S. Spring
    • Deceased: F. Caldeiro, D. Scobee

CALIFORNIA

  • Naval Postgraduate School (37)
    • Active: M. Dominick, V. Glover, J. Moghbeli, L. Delaney, J. Wittner
    • Former: S. Altman, D. Bursch, M. Coats, R. Curbeam, C. Ferguson, M. Foreman, S. Frick, K. Ham, J. Herrington, D. Hilmers, B. Jett, M. Kelly, D. Leestma, M. Lopez Algeria, J. Lousma, J. McBride, C. Noriega, L. Nowak, K. Reightler, K. Rominger,
      W. Scott, R. Springer, J. Williams
    • Deceased: G. Carr, E. Cernan, R. Evans, W. McCool, E. Mitchell, R. Overmyer, A. Poindexter, M. Smith, P. Weitz
  • Stanford University (26)
    • Active: M. Fincke, M. Hopkins, N. Mann, K. Rubins, M. Vande Hei, J. Watkins, M. Berrios, A. Menon, C. Williams
    • Former: E. Collins, W. Fisher, S. Helms, M. Jemison, T. Jernigan, E. Lu, B. Morgan, E. Ochoa, S. Parazynski, S. Robinson, S. Smith, J. Wisoff
    • Deceased: J. Bull, O. Garriott, D. Low, B. McCandless, S. Ride
  • Stanford Medical School (1)
    • Active: A. Menon
  • California Institute of Technology (11)
    • Former: F. Borman, G. Chamitoff, E. Gibson, C. Meade, R. Parker, G. Reisman, H. Schmitt, R. Behnken
      Deceased: C.G. Fullerton, C. Michel, R. Searfoss
  • University of Southern California (11)
    • Active: D. Burnham
    • Former: C. Bolden, N. Currie, B. Duffy, J. Linenger, C. Noriega, K.
      Reightler, P. Thuot
    • Deceased: N. Armstrong, G. Carr, K. Bobko
  • University of California-Berkeley (9)
    • Active: W. Hoburg
    • Former: L. Chiao, T. Jernigan, M. Seddon, J. Van Hoften, R. Walheim, M. Weber
    • Deceased: B. O’Leary, D. Lind
  • University of California-Los Angeles (9)
    • Active: M. McArthur, J. Watkins, D. Burnham
    • Former: V. Brand, A. Fisher, S. Musgrave, J. Phillips
    • Deceased: E. See, W. Cunningham
  • California Polytechnic (4)
    • Active: V. Glover
    • Former: G. Chamitoff, R. Gibson, R. Sturckow
  • California State-Fresno (3)
    • Former: D. McMonagle
    • Deceased: R. Husband, S. Nagel
  • California State University-Fullerton (1)
    • Active: T.C. Dyson
  • California State University-Northridge (1)
    • Former: S. Horowitz
  • University of California-Santa Barbara (3)
    • Management: J. Acaba
      Former: L. Chiao, J. Hernandez
  • Golden Gate (2)
    • Former: T. Henricks, C. Precourt
  • Harvey Mudd (2)
    • Management: S. Love
    • Former: G. Nelson
  • University of California-Davis (2)
    • Active: T.C. Dyson
    • Former: S. Robinson
  • University of California-San Diego (3)
    • Active: M. McArthur, K. Rubins, D. Burnham
  • University of California-Santa Cruz (2)
    • Former: S. Hawley, K. Sullivan
  • University of San Diego
    • Active: M. Dominick, J. Kim
  • San Diego State (1)
    • Former: E. Ochoa
  • San Francisco State (1)
    • Management: Y. Cagle
  • University of Pacific (1)
    • Former: J. Hernandez
  • Air University (1)
    • Active: V. Glover
  • Scripps Institution of Oceanography (1)
    • Active: J. Meir

COLORADO

  • United States Air Force Academy (38)
    • Active: E. Boe, R. Chari, T. Hague, K. Lindgren, N. Ayers
    • Management: B.A. Drew, J. Kelly
    • Former: J. Blaha, M. Bloomfield, R. Bridges, C. Brown, J. Casper, K.
      Chilton, R. Covey, B. Duffy, J. Dutton, J. Fischer, G. Gardner, R. Grabe, F. Gregory,
      W. Gregory, S. Gutierrez, J. Halsell, B. Hammond, S. Helms, T. Hendricks, G.H.
      Johnson, T. Jones, K. Kregel, M. Lee, S. Lindsey, D. McMonagle, C. Precourt, R.
      Sega, L. Shriver, T. Virts
    • Deceased: R. Searfoss, C. Veach, K. Bobko
  • University of Colorado (14)
    • Active: K. Lindgren
    • Former: V. Brand, J. Herrington, R. Hieb, M. Ivins, R. Sega, S. Swanson, J.S. Voss
    • Deceased: S. Carpenter, K. Chawla, M. Lounge, E. Onizuka, S. Roosa, J. Swigert
  • Colorado State (4)
    • Active: K. Lindgren
    • Former: M. Cleave, K. Rominger, J. Van Hoften

CONNECTICUT

  • Coast Guard Academy (3)
    • Active: A. Douglas
    • Former: D. Burbank, B. Melnick
  • University of Connecticut (2)
    • Former: F. Chang-Diaz, R. Mastracchio
  • Hartford (1)
    • Deceased: J. Swigert
  • Yale (1)
    • Former: J. Allen

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

  • George Washington University (7)
    • Active: A. Douglas
    • Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor
    • Former: M. Coats, C. Camarda, J. Creighton, F. Gregory, N. Woodward
    • Deceased: D. Griggs
  • Georgetown (1)
    • Deceased: B. O’Leary

FLORIDA

  • Embry-Riddle University (6)
    • Management: A. Drew
    • Former: D. Burbank, R. Garan, S. Still-Kilrain, N. Stott, T. Virts
  • University of West Florida (6)
    • Former: J. Buchli, K. Cockrell, B. Melnick, B. O’Connor, J. Phillips
    • Deceased: R. Richards
  • Florida Institute of Technology (4)
    • Active: S. Williams
      Former: J. Higginbotham, K. Hire, G. Zamka
  • University of Florida (3)
    • Former: W. Fisher, K. Ford, R. Garan
  • Florida State (2)
    • Former: W. Scott, N. Thagard
  • Atlantic (1)
    • Former: S. Swanson
  • University of Central Florida (2)
    • Former: N. Stott
      Deceased: F. Caldeiro
  • University of Miami (1)
    • Former: D. Barry
  • University of North Florida (1)
    • Active: L. Delaney

GEORGIA

  • Georgia Institute of Technology (14)
    • Active: E. Boe, D. Wheelock
    • Former: M. Clifford, J. Davis, B. Hammond, S. Horowitz, T. Kopra, S. Magnus, W. McArthur, S. Still-Kilrain, R. Truly, R.S. Kimbrough,
    • Deceased: A. Poindexter, J. Young
  • Emory (1)
    • Deceased: M. Carter

IOWA

  • Cornell (1)
    • Former: D. Hilmers
  • Iowa State (1)
    • Former: C. Anderson
  • Wesleyan (1)
    • Former: P. Whitson

IDAHO

  • Northwest Nazarene (1)
    • Former: R. Hieb
  • University of Idaho (1)
    • Former: J. Ashby

ILLINOIS

  • University of Illinois (6)
    • Former: S. Altman, L. Archambault, J. Tanner, M. Hopkins
    • Deceased: D. Gardner, S. Nagel
  • Northwestern (2)
    • Active: M. Barratt
    • Former: J. Kerwin
  • Southern Illinois University (1)
    • Former: J. Higginbotham
  • University of Chicago (1)
    • Former: J. Grunsfeld

INDIANA

  • Purdue University (21)
    • Active: A. Feustel, L. O’Hara, S. Tingle
    • Former: J. Blaha, R. Bridges, M. Brown, J. Casper, R. Covey, G. Gardner,
      G. Harbaugh, M. McCulley, M. Polansky, J. Ross, L. Shriver, M. Weber, D. Wolf
    • Deceased: N. Armstrong, E. Cernan, R. Chaffee, V. Grissom, D. Williams
  • Notre Dame (3)
    • Management: M. Good
    • Former: K. Ford, J. Wetherbee
  • DePauw University (1)
    • Former: J. Allen
  • Indiana University (1)
    • Former: D. Wolf

KANSAS

  • United States Army Command and General Staff College (1)
    • Active: R. Chari
  • University of Kansas (4)
    • Active: L. O’Hara
    • Former: S. Hawley
    • Deceased: J. Engle, R. Evans

KENTUCKY

  • University of Kentucky (1)
    • Former: S. Musgrave
  • Western Kentucky University (1)
    • Former: T. Wilcutt

LOUISIANA

  • Tulane University (1)
    • Former: D. Hurley

MARYLAND

  • United States Naval Academy (55)
    • Active: K. Barron, S. Bowen, R.T. Hines, N. A. Mann, S. Williams, J. Hathaway
    • Management: K. Bowersox, R. Cabana
    • Former: W. Anders, C. Bolden, J. Buchli, D. Bursch, M. Coats, J. Creighton, F. Culbertson, R. Curbeam, C. Duke, J. Edwards, M. Foreman, S. Frick, D. Gorie, K. Ham, K. Hire, C. Hobaugh, B. Jett, W. Lawrence, D. Leestma, J. Linenger, M. Lopez-Alegria, C. Loria, J. Lovell, L. Nowak, B. O’Connor, S. Oswald, J. Phillips, W.
      Readdy, K. Reightler, W. Shepherd, R. Springer, T. Stafford, P. Thuot, G. Zamka
    • Deceased: D. Eisele, T. Freeman, E. Givens, D. Griggs, J. Irwin, M. Lounge, B.
      McCandless, W. McCool, W. Schirra, A. Shepard, M. Smith, S. Thorne, D. Walker, C. Cassidy
  • United States Naval Test Pilot School (6)
    • Active: R. Chari, M. Dominick, J. Moghbeli, M. Berrios, L. Delaney, J. Wittner
  • University of Maryland (5)
    • Active: J. Epps
    • Former: P. Richards
    • Management: R. Arnold
    • Deceased: W. McCool, J. Resnik
  • Johns Hopkins (2)
    • Active: G. R. Wiseman, A. Douglas
  • Frostburg State University (1)
    • Management: R. Arnold
  • Loyola University (1)
    • Management: T.J. Creamer
  • Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (2)
    • Active: A. Morgan, F. Rubio

MASACHUSETTS

  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (41)
    • Active: S. Bowen, R. Chari, M. Fincke, T. N. Hague, W. Hoburg, J. Moghbeli, G. Berrios, C. Birch, C. Williams
    • Management: T.J. Creamer
    • Former: E. Aldrin, D. Antonelli, J. Apt, K. Cameron, C. Cassidy, G. Chamitoff, F. Chang-Diaz, C. Coleman, C. Duke, A. England, J. Fischer, J. Grunsfeld, T. Hart, F. Hauck, W. Lawrence, M. Lee, M. Massimino, P. Melroy, N. Patrick, R. Satcher, R. Schweickart, D. Scott, W. Shepherd, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, D. Tani, N. Woodward
    • Deceased: P. Chapman, W. Lenoir, R. McNair, E. Mitchell, J.E. Voss
  • Harvard University (7)
    • Active: J. Kim, A. Menon, S. Wilson
    • Management: R. Linnehan
    • Former: J. Hoffman, R. Satcher, H. Schmitt
  • Harvard Medical School (1)
    • Active: C. Williams
  • Amherst (2)
    • Former: J. Hoffman, R. Parker
  • University of Massachusetts (1)
    • Former: C. Coleman
  • SE Massachusetts University (1)
    • Active: S. Tingle
  • Harvard College (1)
    • Former: J. Apt
  • Holy Cross (1)
    • Former: J. Kerwin
  • Tufts (1)
    • Former: R. Hauck
  • Williams College (1)
    • Deceased: B. O’Leary
  • Boston University (1)
    • Active: R.T. Hines

MICHIGAN

  • University of Michigan (8)
    • Active: A. Douglas
    • Former: J. Lousma
    • Deceased: T. Freeman, K. Henize, J. Irwin, E. White, A. Worden, J. McDivitt
  • Albion College (1)
    • Former: J. Cassada
  • Oakland Community College (1)
    • Former: Andrew Feustel

MINNESOTA

  • University of Minnesota (3)
    • Active: K. Lindgren
    • Former: D. Carey
    • Deceased: D. Slayton
  • St. John’s University (1)
    • Active: M. Vande Hei

MISSOURI

  • Missouri University of Science and Technology (3)
    • Former: T. Akers, J. Kavandi, S. Magnus
  • University of Missouri-Columbia (2)
    • Former: L. Godwin
    • Deceased: R. Richards
  • Webster-Missouri (2)
    • Former: E. Collins, S. Gutierrez
  • Missouri Southern State University (1)
    • Former: J. Kavandi
  • Southeast Missouri State (1)
    • Former: L. Godwin
  • Washington University (1)
    • Former: R. Behnken

MISSISSIPPI

  • Southern Mississippi (1)
    • Former: R. Stewart

MONTANA

  • John Carroll University (1)
    • Former: C. Walz

NEBRASKA

  • Creighton (1)
    • Deceased: M. Anderson
  • Hastings (1)
    • Former: C. Anderson
  • Wayne State (1)
    • Former: J. Linenger

NEW HAMPSHIRE

  • University of New Hampshire (2)
    • Management: R. Linnehan, L. Morin
  • Dartmouth (1)
    • Former: J. Newman

NEW JERSEY

  • Princeton (4)
    • Former: J. Adamson, D. Barry
    • Deceased: G. Carr, C. Conrad
  • Rutgers (2)
    • Former: T. Hart, M. Runco

NEW YORK

  • United States Military Academy (21)
    • Active: R.S. Kimbrough, A. McClain, A. Morgan, F. Rubio, D. Wheelock
    • Former: J. Adamson, E. Aldrin, F. Borman, M. Clifford, P. Forrester, C. Gemar, T. Kopra, W.
      McArthur, R. Mullane, D. Scott, S. Spring, J. Williams
    • Deceased: M. Collins, D. Peterson, E. White, A. Worden
  • Columbia University (6)
    • Former: K. Chilton, W. Gregory, G.H. Johnson, M. Massimino, S. Musgrave
    • Management: K. Bowersox
  • Cornell University (6)
    • Former: E. Baker, D. Barry, M. Jemison, E. Lu, D. Thomas
    • Deceased: D. Low
  • Rensselaer Polytechnic (3)
    • Active: G. R. Wiseman
    • Former: R. Mastracchio
    • Deceased: J. Swigert
  • Merchant Marine Academy (2)
    • Former: M. Kelly
    • Deceased: E. See
  • State University of New York (2)
    • Former: E. Baker, R. Garan
  • Syracuse (2)
    • Former: E. Collins, S. Musgrave
  • City College (1)
    • Former: M. Runco
  • LeMoyne College (1)
    • Active: J. Epps
  • New York University (1)
    • Management: L. Morin
  • Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (1)
    • Former: C. Camarda
  • Rochester (2)
    • Former: J. Cassada, E. Gibson
  • NY State-Farmingdale (1)
    • Deceased: F. Caldeiro
  • NY State-Maritime (1)
    • Former: S. Kelly

NORTH CAROLINA

  • University of North Carolina (4)
    • Active: Z. Cardman
    • Former: J. Linenger
    • Deceased: C. Brady, W. Thornton
  • Davidson College (1)
    • Former: T. Marshburn
  • Duke University (1)
    • Deceased: C. Brady
  • Wake Forest (1)
    • Former: T. Marshburn
  • Agricultural & Technical State (1)
    • Deceased: R. McNair
  • North Carolina State University (1)
    • Active: C. Koch

NORTH DAKOTA

  • University of North Dakota (1)
    • Former: K. Nyberg

OHIO

  • Air Force Institute of Technology (12)
    • Former: W. Anders, G. Bluford, M. Brown, J. Fabian, K. Ford, M. Fossum, J. Halsell,
      S. Lindsey, M. Mullane
    • Deceased: G. Cooper, D. Eisele, D. Peterson
  • United States Air Force Test Pilot School (2)
    • Active: B. Hines
  • The Ohio State University (3)
    • Management: R. Linnehan
    • Former: N. Currie, R. Sega
  • Baldwin-Wallace (1)
    • Deceased: R. Overmyer
  • Case Western (1)
    • Former: D. Thomas
  • Kent State (1)
    • Former: C. Walz
  • Marietta (1)
    • Former: S. Musgrave
  • Muskingum (1)
    • Deceased: J. Glenn
  • Wright State (1)
    • Active: M. Barratt

OKLAHOMA

  • University of Oklahoma (3)
    • Former: F. Haise, S. Lucid
    • Deceased: O. Garriott
  • Oklahoma Baptist (1)
    • Deceased: W. Pogue
  • Oklahoma City (1)
    • Deceased: G. Cooper
  • Oklahoma State (1)
    • Deceased: W. Pogue

OREGON

  • Oregon State (2)
    • Active: D. Pettit
    • Former: W. Oefelein

PENNSYLVANIA

  • Drexel University (3)
    • Former: J. Bagian, C. Ferguson, P. Richards
  • University of Pennsylvania (2)
    • Former: G. Reisman, M. Gernhardt
  • Indiana University of Pennsylvania (1)
    • Deceased: P. Robertson
  • Carnegie-Mellon (2)
    • Deceased: E. Mitchell, J. Resnik
  • The Pennsylvania State University (2)
    • Former: G. Bluford
    • Deceased: P. Weitz
  • Lehigh (1)
    • Former: T. Hart
  • Pennsylvania Medical College (1)
    • Deceased: P. Robertson
  • Thomas Jefferson (1)
    • Former: J. Bagian
  • Villanova (1)
    • Former: A. Allen

RHODE ISLAND

  • Naval War College (2)
    • Former: J. Williams
    • Active: J. Hathaway, J, Wittner
  • Brown University (2)
    • Active: J. Meir
    • Former: B. Lichtenberg

SOUTH CAROLINA

  • The Citadel (1)
    • Active: R. Bresnik

TENNESSEE

  • University of Tennessee-Knoxville (7)  
    • Active: B. Wilmore, R. Bresnik 
    • Former: J. Ashby, J. Edwards, D. Gorie, S. Kelly, M. Seddon 
    • Deceased: H. Hartsfield 
  • Tennessee Technical University (1)  
    • Active: B. Wilmore  
  • Vanderbilt (1)  
    • Former: M. Gernhardt  
  • Tennessee Space Institute (1)  
    • Former: W. Oefelein  

TEXAS

  • University Of Houston (7)
    • Former: N. Currie, B. Dunbar, B. Harris, D. Holmquest, S. Musgrave, J.D. Olivas, R.
      Walheim
  • University of Texas (13)
    • Active: S. Wilson
    • Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor
    • Former: M. Baker, K. Cockrell, R. Crippen, G.H. Johnson, P. Lockhart, C. Meade, K.
      Nyberg, N. Thagard, N. Woodward
    • Deceased: A. Bean, K. Chawla
  • University of Texas-Health Science Center
    • Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor
  • Rice University (8)
    • Active: N. Ayers, S. Walker
    • Former: J. Hoffman, T. Jernigan, J. Newman, D. Olivas, P. Whitson
    • Deceased: J. Bull
  • University of Houston-Clear Lake (7)
    • Active: M. Fincke
    • Former: G. Bluford, G. Chamitoff, M. Fossum, G. Harbaugh, R. Mastracchio
    • Deceased: B. McCandless
  • Texas Tech (4)
    • Former: B. Harris, P. Lockhart
    • Deceased: C. Bassett, R. Husband
  • Texas A&M (2)
    • Former: M. Fossum, S. Swanson
  • University of Texas-Arlington (1)
    • Former: R. Stewart
  • University of Texas-Medical Branch (3)
    • Active: K. Lindgren, A. Menon
    • Former: T. Marshburn
  • Baylor University (1)
    • Former: D. Holmquest
  • University of Texas-Dallas (1)
    • Former: J. Reilly
  • University of Texas-El Paso (1)
    • Former: D. Olivas
  • Univ. of Texas-Public Health (1)
    • Former: E. Baker

UTAH

  • University of Utah (1)
    • Deceased: D. Lind
  • Utah State (1)
    • Former: M. Cleave

VERMONT

  • University of Vermont (1)
    • Deceased: D. Graveline

VIRGINIA

  • University of Virginia (6)
    • Former: P. Forrester, L. Melvin, K. Thornton, J. Wisoff, T. Marshburn
    • Deceased: K. Henize
  • East Virginia Medical (1)
    • Deceased: D. Brown
  • Old Dominion (1)
    • Former: M. Bloomfield
  • Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1)
    • Former: C. Camarda
  • William & Mary (1)
    • Deceased: D. Brown
  • University of Richmond (1)
    • Former: L. Melvin
  • Washington & Lee (1)
    • Deceased: D. Low

WASHINGTON

  • University of Washington (12)
    • Active: M. Barratt
    • Management: Y. Cagle, S. Love
    • Former: D. Antonelli, B. Dunbar, J. Dutton, J. Fabian, G.C. Johnson, J. Kavandi, G. Nelson
    • Deceased: M. Anderson, R. Gordon
  • Washington State (1)
    • Former: J. Fabian
  • Whitman College (1)
    • Former: D. Metcalf-Lindenburger

WISCONSIN

  • University of Wisconsin-Madison (2)
    • Former: B. Shaw
    • Deceased: L. Clark
  • University of Wisconsin-River Falls (1)
    • Former: D. Brandenstein

6.0 NASA ASTRONAUTS BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES

The eleven Expedition 68 crew members
The eleven Expedition 68 crew members aboard the International Space Station pose for a portrait.

ARGENTINA: F. Caldeiro
AUSTRALIA: P. Chapman, P. Scully-Power, A. Thomas
BRAZIL: M. Pontes
CANADA: G. Chamitoff, C. Hadfield, J. Hansen, J. Payette, D. Saint-Jacques, R. Thirsk, D. R. Williams
CHINA: W. Anders, S. Lucid, T. Wang
COSTA RICA: F. Chang-Diaz
DENMARK: A. Mogensen
ENGLAND: M. Foale, G.H. Johnson, N. Patrick, T. Peake, P. Sellers
FRANCE: L. Eyharts, T. Pesquet
GERMANY: A. Gerst, H. Schlegel, S. Thorne, J. Moghbeli
INDIA: K. Chawla
ITALY: M. Collins, P.
NETHERLANDS: L. Van Den Berg
PACIFIC ISLANDS: J. Newman
PERU: C. Noriega
SPAIN: M. Lopez-Alegria
SWITZERLAND: C. Nicollier
SWEDEN: C. Fuglesang
TAIWAN: K. Lindgren
TURKEY: D. Burnham
VIETNAM: E. Trinh
WALES: J. Llewellyn

7.0 ASTRONAUTS' SCOUTING RECORDS

Greg "Box" Johnson Receives Distinguished Eagle Scout Award at Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree
Greg “Box” Johnson, executive director of Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) and former astronaut, third from left, receives an Distinguished Eagle Scout Award during the Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree, Tuesday, July 25, 2017 at the Summit Bechtel Reserve in Glen Jean, West Virginia.

EAGLE:

Active: J. Hathaway, C. Williams, R. Chari, K. Lindgren, D. Pettit

Management: K. Bowersox

Former: J. Adamson, J. Bagian, G. Bluford, K. Bowersox, C. Brady, G. Chamitoff, R. Covey, J. Creighton, C. Duke, M. Fossum, P. Forrester, W. Gregory, J. Hoffman, G.H. Johnson, T. Jones, M. Lee, D. Lind, S. Lindsey, J. Lovell, M. McCulley, B. O’Leary, S. Oswald, S. Parazynski, K. Reightler, J. Tanner, R. Truly

Deceased: N. Armstrong, G. Carr, M. Carter, R. Chaffee, D. Eisele, G.H. Fullerton, S.D. Griggs, J. Llewellyn (King’s Scout, U.K.), W. McCool, E. Onizuka, R. Searfoss, E. See, D. Walker

GIRL SCOUT:

Active: K. Barron, C. Koch, N. Mann, M. McArthur, J. Meir, L. O’Hara, K. Rubins, J. Watkins, S. Williams

Management: S. Auñón-Chancellor, Y. Cagle

Former: E. Collins, N. Currie-Gregg, J. Davis, A. Fisher, S. Helms, J. Higginbotham, K. Hire, T. Jernigan, S. Kilrain (Still), W. Lawrence, S. Magnus, D. Metcalf-Lindenburger, B. Morgan, L. Nowak, H. Stefanyshyn-Piper, M.R. Seddon, K. Sullivan, K. Thornton, M. Weber

Deceased: L. Clark, J.E. Voss

8.0 MILITARY ASTRONAUTS

8.1 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

Members from the Air Force, Joby Aviation, and NASA cut a ribbon on Sept. 25 at Edwards Air Force Base in Edwards, California after opening a maintenance shelter for Joby's electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft.
Members from the Air Force, Joby Aviation, and NASA cut a ribbon on Sept. 25 at Edwards Air Force Base in Edwards, California after opening a maintenance shelter for Joby’s electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Under an interagency agreement with AFWERX, NASA pilots and researchers will test the Joby aircraft starting in 2024.
Air Force photo by Richard Gonzales
ASTRONAUT STATUS Rank Branch
Akers, Thomas D. Former Lt. Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Aldrin, Edwin  (Buzz) Former Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Anderson, Michael P. (Mike)  Deceased  Lt. Colonel  USAF
Archambault, Lee J. (Bru)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Ayers, Nichole  Active  Major  USAF
Bassett, Charles A.  Deceased  Captain  USAF
Behnken, Robert  L. (Bob)  Former Lt. Colonel  USAF
Berrios, Marcos G.  Active Major  USAF
Blaha, John E.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Bloomfield, Michael J. (Mike)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Bluford, Guion S. (Guy)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Bobko, Karol J. (Bo)  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Boe, Eric A.  Active Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Borman, Frank  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Bridges, Roy D.  Former  Major General (Ret.) USAF
Brown, Curtis L., Jr.  (Curt)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Brown, Mark N.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Cagle, Yvonne D.  Management  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Carey, Duane G.  Former  Lt. Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Casper, John H.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Chari, Raja  Active Colonel  USAF
Chilton, Kevin P.  Former  General (Ret.) USAF
Coleman, Catherine G. (Cady)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Collins, Eileen M.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Cooper, L. Gordon  (Gordo)  Deceased Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Covey, Richard O. (Dick)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Drew, B. Alvin (Al)  Management  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Duffy, Brian  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Duke, Charles M., Jr.  Former  Brig. General (Ret.) USAF
Dutton, James P. (Jim)  Former  Colonel  USAF
Eisele, Donn F.  Deceased Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Engle, Joe H.  Deceased Major General (Ret.) USAF
Fabian, John M.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Fincke, E. Michael (Mike)  Active Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Fischer, Jack D.  Former  Lt. Colonel  USAF
Ford, Kevin A.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Freeman, Theodore C.  Deceased Captain USAF
Fullerton, C. Gordon  Deceased Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Garan, Ronald J. (Ron)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Gardner, Guy S.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Givens, Edward G.  Deceased  Major General  USAF
Good, Michael T.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Grabe, Ronald J.  (Ron)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Gregory, Frederick D. (Fred)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Gregory, William G. (Bill)  Former  Lt. Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Grissom, Virgil I. (Gus)  Deceased  Lt. Colonel  USAF
Gutierrez, Sidney M.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Halsell, James D.  (Jim)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Hammond, L. Blaine  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Hartsfield, Henry W. (Hank)  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Helms, Susan J.  Former  Lt. General  USAF
Henricks, Terence T.  (Tom)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Hines, Robert “Bob” T.  Active Lt. Colonel  USAF
Horowitz, Scott J. (Doc)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Husband, Rick D.  Deceased  Colonel  USAF
Irwin, James B.  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Johnson, Greg H. (Box)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Kelly, James M. (Jim)  Management  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Lee, Mark C.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Lindsey, Steven W. (Steve)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Lockhart, Paul S.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
McDivitt, James A. (Jim)  Deceased  Brig. General (Ret.) USAF
McMonagle, Donald R. (Don)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Meade, Carl J.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Melroy, Pamela A. (Pam)  Management  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Menon, Anil  Active Lt. Colonel  USAF
Mullane, Richard M. (Mike)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Nagel, Steven R.  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Onizuka, Ellison S.  Deceased  Lt. Colonel  USAF
Peterson, Donald H.  (Don)  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Pogue, William R. (Bill)  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Precourt, Charles J. (Charlie)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Roosa, Stuart A.  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Ross, Jerry L.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Scobee, Francis R. (Dick)  Deceased  Major General (Ret.) USAF
Scott, David R.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Searfoss, Richard A. (Rick)  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Shaw, Brewster H.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Shriver, Loren J.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Stafford, Thomas P  Former  Lt. General (Ret.) USAF
Virts, Terry W.  Former  Colonel  USAF
Walheim, Rex J.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
Walz, Carl E.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USAF
White, Edward H. (Ed)  Deceased  Lt. Colonel  USAF
Worden, Alfred M. (Al)  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USAF

8.2 UNITED STATES ARMY

NASA astronauts Chris Cassidy and Andrew Morgan
NASA astronauts Chris Cassidy and Andrew Morgan take a break and pose for a portrait inside the Quest airlock.
ASTRONAUT STATUS Rank Branch
Adamson, James C. Former Colonel (Ret.) USA
Clifford, Michael R. (Rich) Deceased  Lt. Colonel (Ret.) USA
Creamer, Timothy J. (TJ)  Management  Colonel (Ret.) USA
Currie (Sherlock), Nancy J.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USA
Forrester, Patrick (Pat)  Former Colonel (Ret.) USA
Gemar, Charles (Sam)  Former  Lt. Colonel (Ret.) USA
Kimbrough, Robert S. (Shane)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USA
Kopra, Timothy L. (Tim)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USA
McArthur, William S. (Bill)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USA
McClain, Anne C.  Active  Colonel  USA
Morgan, Andrew R.  Active  Colonel  USA
Rubio, Francisco “Frank”  Active  Major USA
Spring, Sherwood C. (Woody)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USA
Stewart, Robert L.  Former  Brig. General (Ret.) USA
Vande Hei, Mark T.  Active  Colonel (Ret.) USA
Voss, James S. (Jim)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USA
Wheelock, Douglas H. (Doug)  Active  Colonel (Ret.) USA
Williams, Jeffrey N. (Jeff)  Former Colonel (Ret.) USA

8.3 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD

Orion capsule floats in sea with crew in orange flight suits in raft nearby
PHOTO DATE: 07-13-17
LOCATION: U.S. Coast Guard – Galveston Marine Base
SUBJECT: ICEE-HOT, is being conducted by the Orion and Ground Systems Development and Operations programs along with the U.S. Department of Defense, to evaluate procedures being developed to get astronauts out of the Orion crew module upon returning to Earth. Astronauts involved in the testing include: Dan Burbank, Victor Glover, Mike Fincke and Stan Love.
PHOTOGRAPHER:JOSH VALCARCEL
ASTRONAUT STATUS Rank Branch
Burbank, Daniel C. (Dan) Former Captain (Ret.) USCG
Melnick, Bruce E. Former Commander (Ret.) USCG
Douglas, Andre  Active USCG

8.4 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

(28 October 2017) Expedition 53 Flight Engineer (FE) Joseph Acaba and Commander Randy Bresnik with United States Marine Corps (USMC) shirts on and USMC flag behind them. (Credit: NASA)
ASTRONAUT STATUS Rank Branch
Allen, Andrew M.  Former  Lt. Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Bolden, Charles F. (Charlie)  Former  Major General (Ret.) USMC 
Brand, Vance D.  Former  Commander (Ret.) USMC 
Bresnik, Randolph J. (Randy)  Active Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Buchli, James F. (Jim)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Cabana, Robert D. (Bob)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Cameron, Kenneth D. (Ken)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Carr, Gerald P.  (Gerry)  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Cunningham, Walter (Walt)  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Delaney, Luke  Active Major (Ret.) USMC 
Glenn, John H.  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Hilmers, David C.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Hobaugh, Charles O. (Charlie)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Hurley, Douglas G. (Doug)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Loria, Christopher J. (Gus)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Lousma, Jack R.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Mann, Nicole Anuapu  Active Colonel  USMC 
Moghbeli, Jasmin  Active Lt. Colonel  USMC 
Noriega, Carlos I.  Former  Lt. Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
O’Connor, Bryan D.  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Overmyer, Robert F. (Bob)  Deceased  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Springer, Robert C. (Bob)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Sturckow, Frederick J.  (CJ)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Wilcutt, Terrence W.  (Terry)  Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 
Williams, Clifford C.  Deceased  Major USMC 
Zamka, George D. Former  Colonel (Ret.) USMC 

8.5 UNITED STATES NAVY

Recovery team members work to guide a test version of Orion into the USS Anchorage’s well deck on Sept. 15, 2014. NASA and the Navy are working together this week to test tools and techniques that will be used to recover the spacecraft once it splashes down following Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.
ASTRONAUT STATUS Rank Branch
Altman, Scott D.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Antonelli, Dominic A. (Tony)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Ashby, Jeffrey S. (Jeff)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Baker, Michael A.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Barron, Kayla  Active  Lt. Commander USN 
Bean, Alan L. (Al)  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Bowen, Stephen G. (Steve)  Active  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Bowersox, Kenneth D.  (Ken)  Management Captain (Ret.) USN 
Brady, Charles E.  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Brandenstein, Daniel D. (Dan)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Brown, David M. (Dave)  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Burnham, Deniz  Active  Lieutenant  USN 
Bursch, Daniel W.  (Dan)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Carpenter, M. Scott  Deceased  Commander (Ret.) USN 
Carter, Manley L. (Sonny)  Deceased  Captain USN 
Cassada, John A.   Former Lt. Commander  USN 
Cassidy, Christopher J. (Chris)  Former  Captain  USN 
Cernan, Eugene A.  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Chaffee, Roger B.  Deceased  Lt. Commander USN 
Clark, Laurel B.  Deceased  Captain USN 
Coats, Michael L.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Cockrell, Kenneth D. (Ken)  Former  Captain (Res.) USN 
Conrad, Charles, Jr.  Deceased  Captain USN 
Creighton, John O.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Crippen, Robert L. (Crip)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Curbeam, Robert L.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Culbertson, Frank L.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Dominick, Matthew  Active  Commander USN 
Edwards, Joe F., Jr.  Former  Commander (Ret.) USN 
Evans, Ronald E.  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Ferguson, Christopher J.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Foreman, Michael (Mike)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Frick, Stephen N. (Steve)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Gardner, Dale A.  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Gibson, Robert L. (Hoot)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Glover, Victor J.   Active  Captain USN 
Gordon, Richard F., Jr.  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Gorie, Dominic L. (Dom)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Ham, Kenneth T. (Ken)  Former  Captain USN 
Hathaway, Jack  Active  Commander USN 
Hauck, Frederick H. (Rick)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Herrington, John B.  Former  Commander (Ret.) USN 
Hire, Kathryn P. (Kay)  Former  Captain (Res.) USN 
Jett, Brent W.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Johnson, Gregory C. (RayJ) Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Kelly, Mark E.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Kelly, Scott J.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Kerwin, Joseph P.  (Joe)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Kilrain (Still), Susan L.  Former  Commander (Ret.) USN 
Kim, Jonny  Active Lt. Commander  USN 
Lawrence, Wendy B.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Leestma, David C.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Linenger, Jerry M.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. (L.A.)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Lovell, James A. (Jim)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Mattingly, Thomas K. (TK)  Deceased Rear Admiral USN 
McBride, Jon A.  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
McCandless, Bruce  Deceased Captain (Ret.) USN 
McCool, William C. (Willie)  Deceased Commander  USN 
McCulley, Michael J. (Mike)  Former Captain (Ret.) USN 
Mitchell, Edger D.  Deceased Captain (Ret.) USN 
Morin, Lee M.  Management Captain (Ret.) USN 
Nowak, Lisa M.  Former Commander (Ret.) USN 
Oefelein, William A.  Former Commander (Ret.) USN 
Phillips, John L.  Former Captain (Res.) USN 
Poindexter, Alan G. (Dex)  Deceased Commander USN 
Readdy, William F.  (Bill)  Former Captain (Ret.) USN 
Reightler, Kenneth S. (Ken)  Former Captain (Ret.) USN 
Richards, Richard N. (Dick)  Former Captain (Ret.) USN 
Rominger, Kent V.  Former Captain (Ret.) USN 
Runco, Mario, Jr.  Former Lt. Commander (Ret.) USN 
Schirra, Walter M. (Wally)  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Scott, Winston E.  Former Captain (Ret.) USN 
Shepard, Alan B. (Al)  Deceased  Rear Admiral  USN 
Shepherd, William M. (Bill)  Former Captain (Ret.) USN 
Smith, Michael J.  Deceased  Captain  USN 
Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie  Former  Captain  USN 
Thorne, Stephen D.  Deceased  Lt. Commander USN 
Thuot, Pierre J.  Former  Commander  USN 
Tingle, Scott D.  Active  Captain  USN 
Truly, Richard H. (Dick)  Former  Vice Admiral (Ret.) USN 
Walker, David M.  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Weitz, Paul J.  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Wetherbee, James D. (Jim)  Former  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Williams, Donald E.  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Williams, Sunita L. (Suni)  Active  Captain (Ret.) USN 
Wilmore, Barry E. (Butch)  Active  Captain  USN 
Wiseman, G. Reid  Active  Lt. Commander (Ret.) USN 
Wittner, Jessica A.   Active  Lt. Commander USN 
Woodward, Neil W.  Former  Commander (Ret.) USN 
Young, John W.  Deceased  Captain (Ret.) USN 

8.6 UNITED STATES SPACE FORCE

The United States Space Force Training Leadership Team stops for a photo in front of test stand at NASA Stennis
The United States Space Force Training Leadership Team visited NASA Stennis Sept. 20 for a tour of various facilities. The group received an overview of work conducted at NASA Stennis, including stops at the Autonomous Systems Laboratory and B Test Stand, along with visits to Aerojet Rocketdyne, an L3 Harris Technologies Company, and Lockheed Martin. A day earlier, NASA Stennis senior management attended the activation ceremony for the first United States Space Force unit in the state of Mississippi at Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi.
NASA / Stennis
ASTRONAUT STATUS Rank Branch
Hague, Tyler N. Active Colonel USSF
Hopkins, Michael S Former Colonel USSF

9.0 U.S. SPACE PROGRAM HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT LOG

9.1 PRE-SHUTTLE SPACE FLIGHT

S66-54454 (13 Sept. 1966) — Astronaut Richard F. Gordon Jr., pilot for the Gemini-11 spaceflight, returns to the hatch of the spacecraft following extravehicular activity (EVA). This picture was taken over the Atlantic Ocean at approximately 160 nautical miles above Earth’s surface. Photo credit: NASA

MERCURY-REDSTONE 

Mercury 3 Shepard, Alan B. May 5, 1961 15 min – 28 sec 
Mercury 4 Grissom, Virgil I July 21, 1961 15 min – 37 sec 
Mercury 6 Glenn, John H. Feb. 20, 1962 4 hr – 55 min – 23 sec
Mercury 7 Carpenter, Scott M. May 24, 1962 4 hr – 56 min – 05 sec
Mercury 8 Schirra, Walter M. Oct. 3, 1962 9 hr – 13 min – 11 sec 
Mercury 9 Cooper, L. Gordon May 5-15, 1963 34 hr – 19 min – 49 sec 

GEMINI-TITAN 

Gemini III Grissom, Virgil I. 
Young, John W.
March 23, 1965 4 hr – 52 min – 31 sec
Gemini IV McDivitt, James A.  
White, Edward H.
June 3-7, 1965 97 hr – 56 min – 12 sec
Gemini V Cooper, L. Gordon 
Conrad, Charles
Aug. 21-29, 1965 190 hr – 55 min – 14 sec
Gemini VII Borman, Frank 
Lovell, James A.
Dec. 4-18, 1965 330 hr – 35 min – 01 sec
Gemini VI-A Schirra, Walter M. 
Stafford, Thomas P
Dec. 15-16, 1965 25 hr – 51 min – 24 sec
Gemini VIII Armstrong, Neil A. 
Scott, David R.
March 16, 1966 10 hr – 41 min – 26 sec
Gemini IX-A Stafford, Thomas P. 
Cernan, Eugene A.
June 3-6, 1966 72 hr – 20 min – 50 sec 
Gemini X Young, John W. 
Collins, Michael
July 18-21, 1966 70 hr – 46 min – 39 sec
Gemini XI Conrad, Charles 
Gordon, Richard F.
Sept. 12-15, 1966 71 hr – 17 min – 08 sec
Gemini XII Lovell, James A. 
Aldrin, Buzz
Nov. 11-15, 1966 94 hr – 34 min – 31 sec

APOLLO-SATURN 

Apollo 7 Schirra, Walter M. 
Eisele, Donn F. 
Cunningham Walter
Oct. 11-22, 1968 260 hr – 09 min – 03 sec 
Apollo 8 Borman, Frank 
Lovell, James A. 
Anders, William A.
Dec. 21-27, 1968 147 hr – 00 min – 42 sec 
Apollo 9 McDivitt, James A. 
Scott, David R. 
Schweickart, Russell L.
March 3-13, 1969 241 hr – 00 min – 54 sec
Apollo 10 Stafford, Thomas P. 
Young, John W.  
Cernan, Eugene A.
May 18-26, 1969 192 hr – 23 min – 23 sec
Apollo 11 Armstrong, Neil A. 
Collins, Michael  
Aldrin, Buzz
July 16-24, 1969 195 hr – 18 min – 35 sec
Apollo 12 Conrad, Charles 
Gordon, Richard F. 
Bean, Alan L.
Nov. 14-24, 1969 244 hr – 36 min – 24 sec 
Apollo 13 Lovell, James A. 
Swigert, John L. 
Haise, Fred W.
April 11-17, 1970 142 hr – 54 min – 41 sec 
Apollo 14 Shepard, Alan B. 
Roosa, Stuart A.
Mitchell, Edgar D.
Jan. 31 – Feb. 9, 1971 216 hr – 01 min – 58 sec
Apollo 15 Scott, David R
Worden, Alfred M.
Irwin, James B.
July 26 – Aug. 7, 1971 305 hr – 11 min – 53 sec
Apollo 16 Young, John W. 
Mattingly, Thomas K. 
Duke, Charles M.
April 16-27, 1972 265 hr – 51 min – 05 sec 
Apollo 17 Cernan, Eugene A. 
Evans, Ronald E.
Schmitt, Harrison H.
Dec. 7-19, 1972 301 hr – 51 min – 59 sec 

SKYLAB 

Skylab SL-2 Conrad, Charles 
Kerwin, Joseph P.
Weitz, Paul J.
May 25 –  June 22, 1973 672 hr – 49 min – 49 sec
Skylab SL-3 Bean, Alan L. 
Garriott, Owen K.
Lousma, Jack R.
July 28 – Sept. 25, 1973 1427 hr – 09 min – 04 sec 
Skylab SL-4 Carr, Gerald P. 
Gibson, Edward G.
Pogue, William R.
Nov. 16, 1973 –  Feb. 8, 1974 2017 hr – 16 min – 00 sec 

APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP) 

Stafford, Thomas P. 
Brand, Vance D. 
Slayton, Donald K.
July 15-24, 1975 223 hours – 28 min – sec 

9.2 SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM MISSIONS

Liftoff of space shuttle Discovery on the STS-95 mission, returning Glenn to orbit
Liftoff of space shuttle Discovery on the STS-95 mission, returning Glenn to orbit
Flight Vehicle Crew –
Designation (STS seat)
Duration
Days, Hour., Minutes
Orbits
Miles, sm
Date
Launch
Landing
Time
Launch
Landing
(Main gear)
STS-1
Columbia
Young, John W. – CDR

Crippen, Robert L. – PLT 

02 days, 06 hours, 20 minutes

36 orbits

933,757 miles, sm

Apr-12-81

Apr-14-81

EAFB 

06:00 a.m. CST

12:20 p.m. CST

STS-2
Columbia
Engle, Joe H. – CDR

Truly, Richard H. – PLT

02 days, 06 hours, 13 minutes

36 orbits

933,757 miles, sm

Nov-12-81

Nov-14-81

EAFB

09:10 a.m. CST

03:23 p.m. CST

STS-3
Columbia
Lousma, Jack R. – CDR

Fullerton, Gordon – PLT

08 days, 00 hours, 04 minutes

129 orbits

3,900,000 miles, sm 

Mar-22-82

Mar-30-82

 White Sands 

10:00 a.m. CST

10:04 a.m. CST

Space Harbor, NM 

STS-4
Columbia
Mattingly, Thomas – CDR 

Hartsfield, Henry W. – PLT 

07 days, 01 hours, 11 minutes

112 orbits

2,900,000 miles, sm  

Jun-27-82 

Jul-04-82 

EAFB 

09:59 a.m. CDT 

11:11 a.m. CDT 

STS-5
Columbia
Brand, Vance D. – CDR 

Overmyer, Robert F. – PLT 

Allen, Joseph P. – MS 

Lenoir, William B. – MS 

5 days, 02 hours, 14 minutes 

81 orbits

1,850,000 miles, sm  

Nov-11-82 

Nov-16-82 

EAFB 

06:19 a.m. CST 

08:33 a.m. CST 

STS-6
Challenger
Weitz, Paul J. – CDR
 
Bobko, Karol J. – PLT 

Peterson, Donald H. – MS 

Musgrave, F. Story – MS 

5 days, 00 hours, 23 minutes  

80 orbits

1,820,000 miles, sm  

Apr-04-83 

Apr-09-83 

EAFB 

01:30 p.m. CST 

01:53 p.m. CST 

STS-7
Challenger
Crippen, Robert L. – CDR 

Hauck, Frederick H. – PLT 

Ride, Sally K. – MS 

Fabian, John M. – MS 

Thagard, Norman E. – MS 

06 days, 02 hours, 23 minutes 

98 orbits

2,220,000 miles, sm  

Jun-18-83 

Jun-24-83 

EAFB 

06:33 a.m. CDT 

08:56 a.m. CDT 

STS-8
Challenger
Truly, Richard H. – CDR 

Brandenstein, Daniel C. – PLT 

Gardner, Dale A. – MS 

Bluford, Guion S. – MS 

Thornton, William E. – MS 

Parker, Robert A. – MS 

Lichtenberg, Byron K.- PS 

Merbold, Ulf – PS (Germany) 

6 days, 01 hours, 08 minutes 

98 orbits

2,220,000 miles, sm  

Aug-30-83 

Sep-05-83 

EAFB 

01:32 a.m. CDT 

02:40 a.m. CDT 

41-B 
Challenger 
Brand, Vance D. – CDR 

Gibson, Robert L. – PLT
 
McCandless II, Bruce – MS 

Stewart, Robert L. – MS
 
McNair, Ronald E. – MS 

7 days, 23 hours, 15 minutes

127 orbits

2,870,000 miles, sm

Feb-03-84
 
Feb-11-84
 
KSC 
07:00 a.m. CST 

06:15 a.m. CST 

41-C 
Challenger 
Crippen, Robert L. – CDR 

Scobee, Francis R. – PLT
 
Nelson, George D. – MS 

Van Hoften, James D. – MS 

Hart, Terry J. – MS 

6 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes

107 orbits

2,880,000 miles, sm

Apr-06-84
 
Apr-13-84
 
EAFB 
07:58 a.m. CST 

07:38 a.m. CST 

41-D 
Discovery 
Hartsfield, Henry W. – CDR 

Coats, Michael L. – PLT 

Resnik, Judith A. – MS
 
Hawley, Steven A. – MS
 
Mullane, Richard M. – MS 

Walker, Charles D.  – PS 

06 days, 56 minutes, 4 seconds

97 orbits

2,210,000 miles, sm

Aug-30-84 

Sep-05-84 

EAFB 

07:41 a.m. CDT 

08:37 a.m. CDT 

41-G 
Challenger 
Crippen, Robert L.  – CDR 

McBride, Jon A. – PLT
 
Sullivan, Kathryn D. – MS 

Ride, Sally K. – MS 

Leestma, David D. – MS
 
Garneau, Marc  – PS (Canada) 

Scully-Power, Paul D. – PS 

08 days, 05 hours, 23 minutes
 
133 orbits

3,400,000 miles, sm

Oct-05-84
 
Oct-13-84
 
KSC 
06:03 a.m. CDT 

11:26 a.m. CDT 

51-A 
Discovery 
Hauck, Frederick H. – CDR 

Walker, David M. – PLT
 
Fisher, Anna L. – MS 

Gardner, Dale A. – MS
 
Allen, Joseph P. – MS 

07 days, 23 hours, 44 minutes

127 orbits

2,870,000 miles, sm

Nov-08-84 

Nov-16-84 

KSC 

06:15 a.m. CST 

05:59 a.m. CST 

51-C 
Discovery 
Mattingly, Thomas K.  – CDR
 
Shriver, Loren J. – PLT
 
Onizuka, Ellison S. – MS
 
Buchli, James F. – MS
 
Payton, Gary E. – PS (DOD) 
3 days, 01 hours, 33 minutes 

48 orbits
 
1,242,566 miles, sm

Jan-24-85 

Jan-27-85
 
KSC 

01:50 p.m. CST 

03:23 p.m. CST 

51-D 
Discovery 
Bobko, Karol J. – CDR
 
Williams, Donald E. – PLT
 
Seddon, M. Rhea – MS
 
Hoffman, Jeffrey A. – MS
 
Griggs, S. David – MS
 
Walker, Charles D. – PS
 
Garn, Jake – PS (U.S. Sen-UT) 
6 days, 23 hours, 54 minutes

110 orbits
 
2,889,785 miles, sm 

Apr-12-85
 
Apr-19-85
 
KSC 
07:59 a.m. CST 

07:54 a.m. CST 

51-B 
SL-3 
Challenger 
Overmyer, Robert F – CDR 

Gregory, William G. – PLT 

Lind, Don L. – MS
 
Thagard, Norman E. – MS
 
Thornton, William E. – MS
 
Van Den Berg, Lodewijk – PS
  
Wang, Taylor G. – PS 

7 days, 8 minutes

110 orbits

2,900,000 miles, sm

Apr-29-85
 
May-06-85 

EAFB 

11:02 a.m.  CDT 

11:11 a.m. CDT 

51-G 
Discovery 
Brandenstein, Daniel C. – CDR 

Creighton, John O.  – PLT 

Lucid, Shannon W. – MS
 
Fabian, John M.  – MS 

Nagel, Steven R.  – MS
 
Baudry, Patrick  – PS (France)
 
Al-Saud, Sultan Salman Abdelazize – PS (Saudi Arabia) 

07 days, 01 hour, 39 minutes

112 orbits

2,916,127 miles, sm

Jun-17-85 

Jun-24-85 

EAFB 

06:33 a.m. CDT 

08:12 a.m. CDT 

51-F 
SL-2 
Challenger 
Fullerton, C. Gordon – CDR 

Bridges, Roy D. – PLT 

Musgrave, F. Story – MS 

England, Anthony W. – MS 

Henize, Karl G. – MS 

Acton, Loren W. – PS (Lockheed) 

Bartoe, John-David – PS (US Navy Civ.) 

07 days, 22 hours, 45 minutes

126 orbits

2,850,000 miles, sm

Jul-29-85 

Aug-06-85
 
EAFB 

04:00 p.m. CDT 

02:45 p.m. CDT 

51-I 
Discovery 
Engle, Joe H. – CDR 

Covey, Richard O. – PLT
 
Van Hoften, James D. – MS 

Lounge, John M. – MS
 
Fisher, William F. – MS 

07 days, 03 hours, 17 minutes

111 orbits

2,500,000 miles, sm

Aug-27-85 

Sep-03-85 

EAFB 

05:58 a.m. CDT 

08:15 a.m. CDT 

51-J 
Atlantis 
Bobko, Karol J. – CDR 

Grabe, Ronald J. – PLT
 
Hilmers, David C. – MS 

Stewart, Robert C. – MS
 
Pailes, William A. – PS (Maj., Air Force) 

04 days, 01 hours, 44 minutes

65 orbits

1,682,641 miles, sm

Oct-03-85
 
Oct-07-85 

EAFB 

10:15 a.m. CDT 

12:00 p.m. CDT 

61-A 
Challenger 
Hartsfield, Henry W. – CDR 

Nagel, Steven R.  – PLT 

Buchli, James F. – MS
 
Bluford, Guion S. – MS 

Dunbar, Bonnie J. – MS 

Furrer, Reinhard – PS (DFVLR – Germany) 

Messerschmid, Ernst – PS (DFVLR – Germany) 

Ockels, Wubbo J. – PS (ESA – The Netherlands) 

07 days, 0 hours, 44 minutes

110 orbits

2,501,290 miles, sm

Oct-30-85 

Nov-06-85 

EAFB 

11:00 a.m. CST 

11:44 a.m. CST 

61-B 
Atlantis 
Shaw, Brewster H. – CDR
 
O’Connor, Bryan D. – PLT
 
Cleave, Mary L. – MS 

Spring, Sherwood C. – MS 

Ross, Jerry L. – MS 

Neri Vela, Rodolfo – PS (Mexico) 

Walker, Charles D. – PS 

06 days, 21 hours, 04 minutes

108 orbits
 
2,466,956 miles, sm

Nov-26-85 

Dec-03-85
 
EAFB 

06:29 p.m. CST 

03:33 p.m. CST 

61-C 
Columbia 
Gibson, Robert L. – CDR
 
Bolden, Charles F. – PLT
 
Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. – MS
 
Hawley, Steven A. – MS 

Nelson, George D. – MS
 
Cenker, Robert J. – PS (RCA Corp) 

Nelson, Bill – PS (U.S. Rep-FL) 

06 days, 02 hours, 03 minutes

96 orbits

2,197,305 miles, sm

Jan-12-86 

Jan-18-86
 
EAFB 

05:55 a.m. CST
 
07:58 p.m. CST 
51-L 
Challenger 
Scobee, Francis R. – CDR
 
Smith, Michael J. – PLT
 
Resnik, Judith A. – MS
 
Onizuka, Ellison S. – MS
 
McNair, Ronald E. – MS
 
Jarvis, Gregory – PS (Hughes)
 
McAuliffe, Sharon C. – Space Flight Participant (Teacher) 
1 minute Jan-28-86  10:38 a.m. CST 
STS-26 
Discovery 
Hauck, Frederick H. – CDR
 
Covey, Richard O. – PLT
 
Lounge, John M. – MS
 
Nelson, George D. – MS 

Hilmers, David C. – MS 

04 days, 1 hour, 0 minutes

64 orbits

1,430,505 miles, sm

STS-27 
Atlantis 
Gibson, Robert L. – CDR 

Gardner, Guy S.  – PLT
 
Mullane, Richard M. – MS 

Ross, Jerry L. – MS
 
Shepherd, William M. – MS 

04 days, 09 hours, 06 minutes
 
70 orbits

1,812,075 miles, sm

Dec-02-88 

Dec-06-88 

EAFB 

08:30 a.m. CST 

05:36 p.m. CST 

STS-29 
Discovery 
Coats, Michael L. – CDR 

Blaha, John E. – PLT
 
Bagian, James P. – MS 

Buchli, James F. – MS
 
Springer, Robert C. – MS 

04 days, 23 hours, 39 minutes

80 orbits

1,800,000 miles, sm

Mar-13-89
 
Mar-18-89
 
EAFB 
08:57 a.m. CST
 
08:36 a.m. CST 
STS-30 
Atlantis 
Walker, David M. – CDR
 
Grabe, Ronald J. – PLT
 
Thagard, Norman E. – MS
 
Cleave, Mary L. – MS
 
Lee, Mark C. – MS 
04 days, 56 minutes

64 orbits
 
1,477,500 miles, sm

May-04-89
 
May-08-89 

EAFB 

01:46 p.m. CDT
 
02:44 p.m. CDT 
STS-28 
Columbia 
Shaw, Brewster H. – CDR
 
Richards, Richard N. – PLT
 
Adamson, James C. – MS 

Leestma, David C. – MS 

Brown, Mark N. – MS 

05 days, 01 hours

80 orbits
 
2,070,943 miles, sm

Aug-08-89 

Aug-13-89
 
EAFB 

07:37 a.m. CDT
 
08:37 a.m. CDT 
 STS-34 
Atlantis 
Williams, Donald E. – CDR
 
McCulley, Michael J. – PLT 

Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. – MS
 
Lucid, Shannon W. – MS 

Baker, Ellen S. – MS 

04 days, 23 hours, 41 minutes

79 orbits

1,800,000 miles, sm

Oct-18-89 

Oct-23-89

EAFB 

11:53 a.m. CDT 

11:34 a.m. CDT 

STS-33 
Discovery 
Gregory, William G. – CDR 

Blaha, John E. – PLT 

Musgrave, F. Story – MS 

Carter, Manley L. – MS
 
Thornton, Kathryn C. – MS 

05 days, 07 minutes

79 orbits
 
2,045,056 miles, sm

Nov-22-89
 
Nov-27-89
 
EAFB 
06:23 p.m. CST 

06:31 p.m. CST 

STS-32 
Columbia 
Brandenstein, Daniel C. – CDR
 
Wetherbee, James D. – PLT 

Dunbar, Bonnie J. – MS
 
Low, G. David – MS
 
Ivins, Marsha S. – MS 

10 days, 21 hours, 1 minute

173 orbits

4,509,972 miles, sm

Jan-09-90
 
Jan-20-90 

EAFB 

06:35 a.m. CST 

03:36 a.m. CST 

STS-36 
Atlantis 
Creighton, John O.  – CDR 

Casper, John H. – PLT
 
Mullane, Richard M. – MS 

Hilmers, David C. – MS
 
Thuot, Pierre J. – MS 

04 days, 10 hours, 19 minutes

71 orbits
 
1,837,962 miles, sm

Feb-28-90
 
Mar-04-90 

EAFB 

01:50 a.m. CST 

12:09 p.m. CST 

STS-31 
Discovery 
Shriver, Loren J. – CDR
 
Bolden, Charles F. – PLT 

Hawley, Steven A. – MS
 
McCandless II, Bruce – MS
 
Sullivan, Kathryn D. – MS 

05 days, 01 hour,16 minutes
 
76 orbits

2,068,213 miles, sm

Apr-24-90
 
Apr-29-90 

EAFB 

07:33 a.m. CDT
 
08:49 a.m. CDT 
STS-41 
Discovery 
Richards, Richard N. – CDR
 
Cabana, Robert D. – PLT
 
Shepherd, William M. – MS
 
Melnick, Bruce E. – MS
 
Akers, Thomas D. – MS 
04 days, 02 hours, 10 minutes

66 orbits
 
1,707,445 miles, sm

Oct-06-90 

Oct-10-90 

EAFB 

06:47 a.m. CDT 

08:57 a.m. CDT 

STS-38 
Atlantis 
Covey, Richard O. – CDR
 
Culbertson, Frank L. – PLT
 
Springer, Robert C. – MS 

Meade, Carl J. – MS 

Gemar, Charles D. – MS 

04 days, 21 hours, 54 minutes
 
79 orbits

2,045,056 miles, sm

Nov-15-90 

Nov-20-90 

KSC 

05:48 p.m. CST 

03:42 p.m. CST 

STS-35 
Columbia 
Brand, Vance D. – CDR
 
Gardner, Guy S. – PLT 

Hoffman, Jeffrey A. – MS
 
Lounge, John M. – MS
 
Parker, Robert Allan Ridley – MS
 
Durrance, Samuel T. – PS 

Parise, Ronald A. – PS 

08 days, 23 hours, 05 minutes
 
142 orbits

3,728,636 miles, sm

Dec-02-90 

Dec-10-90 

EAFB 

12:49 a.m. CST
 
11:54 p.m. CST 
STS-37 
Atlantis 
Nagel, Steven R. – CDR 

Cameron, Kenneth D. – PLT
 
Ross, Jerry L. – MS
 
Apt, Jerome – MS 

Godwin, Linda M. – MS 

05 days, 23 hours, 32 minutes

93 orbits
 
2,487,075 miles, sm

Apr-05-91
 
Apr-11-91 

EAFB 

08:22 a.m. CST 

08:55 a.m. CDT 

STS-39 
Discovery 
Coats, Michael L. – CDR 

Hammond, L. Blaine – PLT 

Bluford, Guion S. – MS 

Harbaugh, Gregory J. – MS 

Hieb, Richard J. – MS 

McMonagle, Donald R. – MS
 
Veach, Charles Lacy – MS 

08 days, 07 hours, 22 minutes

134 orbits

3,475,000 miles, sm

Apr-28-91 

May-06-91 

KSC 

06:33 a.m. CDT
 
01:55 p.m. CDT 
STS-40 
Columbia 
O’Connor, Bryan D. – CDR 

Gutierrez, Sidney M. – PLT
 
Seddon, M. Rhea – MS 

Bagian, James P. – MS
 
Jernigan, Tamara E. – MS
 
Gaffney, F. Drew – PS
 
Hughes-Fulford, Millie – PS 

09 days, 2 hours, 14 minutes

146 orbits
 
3,290,226 miles, sm

Jun-05-91 

Jun-14-91
 
EAFB 

08:24 a.m. CDT
 
10:39 a.m. CDT 
STS-43 
Atlantis 
Blaha, John E. – CDR
 
Baker, Michael A. – PLT 

Lucid, Shannon W. – MS
 
Adamson, James C. – MS 

Low, G. David – MS 

08 days, 21 hours, 21 minutes

142 orbits

3,700,400 miles, sm

Aug-02-91 

Aug-11-91
 
KSC 

10:02 a.m. CDT 

07:23 a.m. CDT 

STS-48 
Discovery 
Creighton, John O. – CDR 

Reightler, Kenneth S. – PLT 

Buchli, James F. – MS
 
Gemar, Charles D. – MS 

Brown, Mark N. – MS 

05/08/27 
81 
2,193,670 
Sep-12-91 
Sep-18-91 
EAFB 
06:11 p.m. CDT 
02:38 a.m. CDT 
STS-44 
Atlantis 
Gregory, Frederick D. – CDR
 
Henricks, Terence T. – PLT
 
Musgrave, F. Story – MS
 
Runco, Jr., Mario – MS 

Voss, James S. – MS

Hennen, Thomas J. – PS (CWO4, Army)  

06 days, 22 hours, 50 minutes
 
110 orbits

2,890,067 miles, sm

Nov-24-91 

Dec-01-91
 
EAFB 

05:44 p.m. CST
 
04:34 p.m. CST 
STS-42 
Discovery 
Grabe, Ronald J.  – CDR 

Oswald, Stephen S. – PLT
 
Thagard, Norman E. – MS
 
Hilmers, David C. – MS
 
Readdy, William F. – MS 

Bondar, Roberta L. – PS (Canada) 

Merbold, Ulf D. – PS (Germany) 

08 days, 01 hours, 14 minutes

128 orbits

3,349,830 miles, sm 

Jan-22-92 

Jan-30-92 

EAFB 

08:52 a.m. CST
 
10:07 a.m. CST 
STS-45 
Atlantis 
Bolden, Charles F. – CDR
 
Duffy, Brian – PLT 

Sullivan, Kathryn D.  – MS  (PYLD CDR) 

Foale, C. Michael – MS
 
Leestma, David C. – MS 

Lichtenberg, Byron K. – PS

Frimout, Dirk D. – PS (Belgium)  

08 days, 22 hours, 09 minutes

143 orbits

3,274,946 miles, sm

Mar-24-92 

Apr-02-92 

KSC 

07:13 a.m. CST 

05:23 a.m. CST 

STS-49 
Endeavour 
Brandenstein, Daniel C – CDR
 
Chilton, Kevin P. – PLT
 
Thuot, Pierre J.  – MS (PYLD CDR)
       
Thornton, Kathryn C. – MS 

Hieb, Richard J. – MS
 
Akers, Thomas D. – MS
 
Melnick, Bruce E. – MS 

08 days, 21 hours, 17 minutes

141 orbits

3,969,019 miles, sm

May-07-92 

May-16-92 

EAFB 

06:40 p.m. CDT
 
03:57 p.m. CDT 
STS-50 
Columbia 
Richards, Richard N. – CDR
 
Bowersox, Kenneth D. – PLT
 
Dunbar, Bonnie J. – MS (PYLD CDR)
 
Baker, Ellen S. – MS 

Meade, Carl J.  – MS
 
DeLucas, Lawrence J. – PS 

Trinh, Eugene H. – PS 

13 days, 19 hours, 30 minutes

221 orbits

5,758,332 miles, sm

Jun-25-92 

Jul-09-92
 
KSC 

11:12 a.m. CDT 

06:42 a.m. CDT 

STS-46 
Atlantis 
Shriver, Loren J.  – CDR
 
Allen, Andrew M. – PLT
 
Hoffman, Jeffrey A. – MS 
   
Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. – MS (PYLD CDR) 
 
Nicollier, Claude – MS (Switzerland) 

Ivins, Marsha S. – MS
 
Malerba, Franco – PS (Italy) 

07 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes
 
127 orbits

3,321,007 miles, sm 

Jul-31-92 

Aug-08-92
 
KSC 

08:57 a.m. CDT 

08:12 a.m. CDT 

STS-47 
Endeavour 
Gibson, Robert L. – CDR 

Brown, Curtis L. – PLT
 
Lee, Mark C. – MS1 (PYLD CDR)
 
Apt, Jerome – MS2
 
Davis, N. Jan – MS3 

Jemison, Mae C. – MS4
 
Mohri, Mamoru – PS1 (Japan) 

7 days, 22 hours, 30 minutes

127 orbits

3,310,922 miles, sm

Sep-12-92 

Sep-20-92 

KSC 

09:23 a.m. CDT
 
07:53 a.m. CDT 
STS-52 
Columbia 
Wetherbee, James D. – CDR 

Baker, Michael A. – PLT
 
Veach, Charles Lacy – MS1 

Shepherd, William M. – MS2
 
Jernigan, Tamara E – MS3 

MacLean, Steve – PS1 (Canada) 

9 days, 20 hours, 56 minutes

159 orbits

4,129,028 miles, sm

Oct-22-92 

Nov-01-92
 
KSC 

12:09 p.m. CDT 

08:05 a.m. CST 

STS-53 
Discovery 
Walker, David M. – CDR 

Cabana, Robert D.  – PLT
 
Bluford, Guion S.  – MS1
 
Voss, James S. – MS2
 
Clifford, Michael R. – MS3 

7 days, 07 hours, 19 minutes
 
116 orbits

3,034,680 miles, sm

Dec-02-92
 
Dec-09-92
 
EDW 
07:24 a.m. CST 

02:43 p.m. CST 

STS-54 
Endeavour 
Casper, John H. – CDR 

McMonagle, Donald R.  – PLT
 
Runco, Jr., Mario – MS1
 
Harbaugh, Gregory J. – MS2
 
Helms, Susan J. – MS3 

5 days, 23 hours, 38 minutes

96 orbits

2,501,277 miles, sm 

Jan-13-93 

Jan-19-93
 
KSC 

07:59 a.m. CST 

07:38 a.m. CST 

STS-56 
Discovery 
Cameron, Kenneth D. – CDR
 
Oswald, Stephen S. – PLT 

Foale, C. Michael – MS1 

Cockrell, Kenneth D. – MS2
 
Ochoa, Ellen – MS3 

9/6/9 
148 
3,853,997 
Apr-09-93 
Apr-17-93 
KSC 
12:29 a.m. CDT 
06:37 a.m. CDT 
STS-55 
Columbia 
Nagel, Steven R. – CDR 

Henricks, Terence T. – PLT
 
Ross, Jerry L. – MS1 

Precourt, Charles J. – MS2 

Harris, Jr., Bernard A. – MS3

Walter, Ulrich – PS1 (Germany) 

Schlegel, Hans W. – PS2 (Germany)  

9 days, 23 hours, 39 minutes

160 orbits

4,164,183 miles, sm

Apr-26-93 

May-06-93 

EAFB 

09:50 a.m. CDT 

09:30 a.m. CDT 

STS-57 
Endeavour 
Grabe, Ronald J. – CDR
 
Duffy, Brian – PLT
 
Low, G. David – MS1
 
Currie (Sherlock), Nancy  – MS2
 
Wisoff,  Peter J.K. – MS3
 
Voss, Janice E. – MS4 
9 days, 23 hours, 44 minutes
 
155 orbits 

4,118,037 miles, sm

Jun-21-93 

Jul-01-93
 
KSC 

08:07 a.m. CDT
 
07:52 a.m. CDT 
STS-51 
Discovery 
Culbertson, Jr., Frank L. – CDR
 
Readdy, William F.  – PLT 

Newman, James H. – MS1
 
Bursch, Daniel W.  – MS2 

Walz, Carl E. – MS3 

9 days, 20 hours, 11 minutes
 
158 orbits

4,106,411 miles, sm

Sep-12-93
 
Sep-22-93 

KSC 

06:45 a.m. CDT 

02:56 a.m. CDT 

STS-58 
Columbia 
Blaha, John E. – CDR
 
Searfoss, Richard A. – PLT
 
Seddon, M. Rhea – MS1 (PYLD CDR)
 
McArthur, William S. – MS2 

Wolf, David A. – MS3
 
Lucid, Shannon W. – MS4 

Fettman, Martin J. – PS 

14 days,12 minutes

225 orbits

5,840,450 miles, sm

Oct-18-93 

Nov-01-93
 
EDW 

09:53 a.m. CDT
 
09:06 a.m. CST 
STS-61 
Endeavour 
Covey, Richard O. – CDR
 
Bowersox, Kenneth D. – PLT 

Musgrave, F. Story – MS4  (PYLD CDR) 
 
Thornton, Kathryn C. – MS1
 
Nicollier, Claude – MS2
 
Hoffman, Jeffrey A. – MS3 

Akers, Thomas D. – MS5 

10 days, 19 hours, 58 minutes

163 orbits

4,433,772 miles, sm

Dec-02-93 

Dec-12-93 

KSC 

03:27 a.m. CST 

11:26 p.m. CST 

STS-60 
Discovery 
Bolden, Jr., Charles F. – CDR 

Reightler, Jr., Kenneth S. – PLT 

Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. – MS3
 
Davis, N. Jan – MS1
 
Sega, Ronald M. – MS2
 
Krikalev, Sergei K. – MS4 (Russia) 

8 days, 07 hours, 09 minutes

130 orbits
 
3,439,704 miles, sm

Feb-03-94 

Feb-11-94 

KSC 

06:10 a.m. CST
 
01:19 p.m. CST 
STS-62 
Columbia 
Casper, John H. – CDR
 
Allen, Andrew M. – PLT
 
Thuot, Pierre J. – MS1
 
Gemar, Charles D. – MS2 

Ivins, Marsha S. – MS3 

13 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes

224 orbits

5,820,146 miles, sm

Mar-04-94 

Mar-18-94 

KSC 

07:53 a.m. CST
 
07:09 a.m. CST 
STS-59 
Endeavour 
Gutierrez, Sidney M. – CDR 

Chilton, Kevin P. – PLT
 
Godwin, Linda M. – MS3 (PYLD CDR) 

Apt, Jerome – MS1 

Clifford, Michael R. – MS2
 
Jones, Thomas D. – MS4

11 days, 05 hours, 49 minutes

182 orbits

4,704,835 miles, sm

Apr-09-94 

Apr-20-94 

EAFB 

06:06 a.m. CDT 

11:54 a.m. CDT 

STS-65 
Columbia 
Cabana, Robert D.  – CDR 

Halsell, Jr., James D. – PLT 

Hieb, Richard J. – MS1 (PYLD CDR)
 
Walz, Carl E. – MS2
 
Chiao, Leroy – MS3 

Thomas, Donald A. – MS4 

Naito-Mukai, Chiaki – PS1 (Japan) 

14 days, 17 hours, 55 minutes

236 orbits

6,143,846 miles, sm

Jul-08-94 

Jul-23-94
 
KSC 

11:43 a.m. CDT 

05:38 a.m. CDT 

STS-64 
Discovery 
Richards, Richard N. – CDR 
Hammond, L. Blaine – PLT 
Linenger, Jerry M. – MS1 
Helms, Susan J. – MS2 
Meade, Carl J. – MS3/EV2 
Lee, Mark C. – MS4/EV1 
10 days, 22 hours, 49 minutes

177 orbits

4,576,174 miles, sm

Sep-09-94 

Sep-20-94 

EDW 

05:23 p.m. CDT 

04:14 p.m. CDT 

STS-68 
Endeavour 
Baker, Michael A. – CDR
 
Wilcutt, Terrence W. – PLT 

Smith, Steven L.  – MS1
 
Bursch, Daniel W. – MS2
 
Wisoff, Peter J. K. – MS3 

Jones, Thomas D. – MS4 (PYLD CDR) 

11 days, 05 hours, 46 minutes

182 orbits

4,703,000 miles, sm 

Sep-30-94
 
Oct-11-94 

EDW 

06:16 a.m. CDT 

12:02 p.m. CDT 

STS-66 
Atlantis 
McMonagle, Donald R. – CDR
 
Brown, Curtis L. – PLT
 
Ochoa, Ellen  – MS1  (PYLD CDR) 

Tanner, Joseph R. – MS2
 
Clervoy, Jean-Francois – MS3 (France) 

Parazynski, Scott E.- MS4 

10 days, 22 hours, 34 minutes

175 orbits

4,554,791 miles, sm

Nov-03-94 

Nov-14-94 

EDW 

11:00 a.m. CST
 
09:34 a.m. CST 
STS-63 
Discovery 
Wetherbee, James D. – CDR 

Collins, Eileen M.  – PLT
 
Harris, Jr., Bernard A. – MS1 (PYLD CDR)
 
Foale, C. Michael – MS2 

Voss, Janice E. – MS3
 
Titov, Vladimir – MS4 (Russia) 

8 days, 06 hours, 28 minutes

129 orbits
 
2,922,000 miles, sm

Feb-02-95 

Feb-11-95
 
KSC 

11:22 p.m. CST 

05:51 a.m. CST 

STS-67 
Endeavour 
Oswald, Stephen S. – CDR 

Gregory, William G. – PLT 

Grunsfeld, John M. – MS1 

Lawrence, Wendy B. – MS2
 
Jernigan, Tamara E. – MS3 (PYLD CDR) 

Durrance, Samuel T. – PS1
 
Parise, Ronald A. – PS2 

16 days, 15 hours, 08 minutes

262 orbits

6,892,836 miles, sm

Mar-02-95
 
Mar-18-95 

EDW 

12:38 a.m. CST 

03:48 p.m. CST 

STS-71 
Atlantis 
Gibson, Robert L. – CDR 

Precourt, Charles J. – PLT 

Baker, Ellen S. – MS1 

Harbaugh, Gregory J. – MS2 

Dunbar, Bonnie J.- MS3 

Solovyev, Anatoly Y. – M19 CDR (Russia, up)
 
Budarin, Nikolai M. – M19 FE (Russia, up) 

Dezhurov, Vladimir – M18 CDR (Russia, down) 

Strekalov, Gennady – M18 FE (Russia, down)
 
Thagard, Norman E. – M18 (down) 

9 days, 19 hours, 22 minutes

153 orbits

4,100,000 miles, sm

Jun-27-95 

Jul-07-95 

KSC 

02:32 p.m. CDT 

09:55 a.m. CDT 

STS-70 
Discovery 
Henricks, Terence T. – CDR 

Kregel, Kevin R. – PLT
 
Thomas, Donald A. – MS1 

Currie, Nancy J. – MS2
 
Weber, Mary Ellen – MS3 

8 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes

142 orbits

3,700,000 miles, sm

Jul-13-95
 
Jul-22-95
 
KSC 
08:42 a.m. CDT
 
07:02 a.m. CDT 
STS-69 
Endeavour 
Walker, David M. – CDR
 
Cockrell, Kenneth D. – PLT 

Voss, James S. – MS1/EV1 (PYLD CDR) 

Newman, James H. – MS2

Gernhardt, Michael L. – MS3/EV2  

10 days, 20 hours, 28 minutes

170 orbits

4,500,000 miles, sm

Sep-07-95 

Sep-18-95 

KSC 

10:09 a.m. CDT 

06:37 a.m. CDT 

STS-73 
Columbia 
Bowersox, Kenneth D. – CDR
 
Rominger, Kent V. – PLT
 
Coleman, Catherine G. – MS1
 
Lopez-Alegria, Michael E.  – MS2 

Thornton, Kathryn C. – MS3 

Leslie, Fred W. – PS1 

Sacco Jr., Albert – PS2 

15 days, 21 hours, 52 minutes

256 orbits

6,600,000 miles, sm

Oct-20-95
 
Nov-05-95 

KSC 

08:53 a.m. CDT 

05:45 a.m. CST 

STS-74 
Atlantis 
Cameron, Kenneth D. – CDR
 
Halsell, James D., Jr. – PLT 

Hadfield, Chris A. – MS1 (Canada) 

Ross, Jerry L. – MS2
 
McArthur, William S. – MS3 

8 days, 04 hours, 30 minutes

129 orbits

3,400,000 miles, sm

Nov-12-95 

Nov-20-95 

KSC 

06:31 a.m. CST 

11:01 a.m. CST 

STS-72 
Endeavour 
Duffy, Brian – CDR
 
Jett, Brent W. – PLT 

Chiao, Leroy – MS1 

Scott, Winston E. – MS2
 
Wakata, Koichi – MS3
 
Barry, Daniel T. – MS4 

8 days, 22 hours

142 orbits

3,700,000 miles, sm

Jan-11-96 

Jan-20-96
 
KSC 

03:41 a.m. CST 

01:42 a.m. CST 

STS-75 
Columbia 
Allen, Andrew M. – CDR 

Horowitz, Scott J. – PLT
 
Hoffman, Jeffrey A. – MS1 

Cheli, Maurizio – MS2 (Italy) 

Nicollier, Claude – MS3 (Switzerland)
 
Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. – MS4 (PYLD CDR)
 
Guidoni, Umberto – PS1 (Italy) 

15 days, 17 hours, 40 minutes

252 orbits
 
6,500,000 miles, sm

Feb-22-96 

Mar-09-96 

KSC 

02:18 p.m. CST 

07:58 a.m. CST 

STS-76 
Atlantis 
Chilton, Kevin P. – CDR
 
Searfoss, Richard A. – PLT 

Sega, Ronald M. – MS1 (PYLD CDR) 

Clifford, Michael R. – MS2 

Godwin, Linda M. – MS3
 
Lucid, Shannon W. – MS4 (up) 

9 days, 05 hours, 15 minutes

144 orbits

3,800,000 miles, sm 

Mar-22-96 

Mar-31-96 

EDW 

02:13 a.m. CST 

07:29 a.m. CST 

STS-77 
Endeavour 
Casper, John H. – CDR
 
Brown, Curtis L. – PLT
 
Thomas, Andrew – MS1
 
Bursch, Daniel W. – MS2 

Runco, Mario – MS3
 
Garneau, Marc – MS4 (Canada) 

10 days, 39 minutes

160 orbits

4,100,000 miles, sm

May-19-96
 
May-29-96 

KSC 

05:30 a.m. CDT 

06:09 a.m. CDT 

STS-78 
Columbia 
Henricks, Terence T. – CDR 

Kregel, Kevin R.  – PLT
 
Linnehan, Richard M. – MS1

Helms, Susan J. – MS2 (PYLD CDR) 

Brady, Charles E. – MS3
 
Favier, Jean-Jacques – PS1 (Canada) 

Thirsk, Robert B. – PS2 (Canada)  

16 days, 21 hours, 47 minutes

271 orbits

7,046,000 miles, sm 

Jun-20-96 

Jul-07-96
 
KSC 

09:49 a.m. CDT 

07:37 a.m. CDT 

STS-79 
Atlantis 
Readdy, William F. – CDR
 
Wilcutt, Terrence W. – PLT 

Apt, Jerome – MS1 

Akers, Thomas D. – MS 

Walz, Carl E. – MS3 

Blaha, John E. – MS4 (up)

Lucid, Shannon W. – MS4 (down) 

10 days, 03 hours, 18 minutes

159 orbits
 
3,900,000 miles, sm

Sep-16-96 

Sep-26-96 

KSC 

03:55 a.m. CDT 

07:13 a.m. CDT 

STS-80 
Columbia 
Cockrell, Kenneth D. – CDR
 
Rominger, Kent V. – PLT 

Jernigan, Tamara E. – MS1 

Jones, Thomas D. – MS2
 
Musgrave, F. Story – MS3 

17 days, 15 hours, 53 minutes

278 orbits

7,043,950 miles, sm

Nov-19-96 

Dec-07-96 

KSC 

01:56 p.m. CST
 
05:49 a.m. CST 
STS-81 
Atlantis 
Baker, Michael A. – CDR
 
Jett, Brent W. – PLT
 
Wisoff, Peter J.K. – MS1
 
Grunsfeld, John M. – MS2
 
Ivins, Marsha S. – MS3
 
Linenger, Jerry M. – MS4 (up) 

Blaha, John E. – MS4 (down) 

10 days, 04 hours, 55 minutes

161 orbits

3,900,000 miles, sm

Jan-12-97
 
Jan-22-97 

KSC 

03:27 a.m. CST 

08:23 a.m. CST 

STS-82 
Discovery 
Bowersox, Kenneth D. – CDR
 
Horowitz, Scott J. – PLT
 
Tanner, Joseph R. – MS1
 
Hawley, Steve A. – MS2
 
Harbaugh, Gregory J. – MS3 

Lee, Mark C. – MS4
 
Smith, Steven L. – MS5 

9 days, 23 hours, 37 minutes
 
149 orbits

3,800,000 miles, sm

Feb-11-97 

Feb-21-97
 
KSC 

02:55 a.m. CST 

02:32 a.m. CST 

STS-83 
Columbia 
Halsell, James D. – CDR 

Still (Kilrain), Susan L. – PLT 

Voss, Janice E. – MS1 (PYLD CDR) 

Gernhardt, Michael L. – MS2 

Thomas, Donald A. – MS3
 
Crouch, Roger K. – PS1
 
Linteris, Gregory T. – PS2 

3 days, 23 hours, 12 minutes

63 orbits

1,500,000 miles, sm

Apr-04-97
 
Apr-08-97
 
KSC 
01:21 p.m. CST 

01:33 p.m. CDT 

STS-84 
Atlantis 
Precourt, Charles J. – CDR
 
Collins, Eileen M. – PLT 

Clervoy, Jean-Francois – MS1 (France)
 
Noriega, Carlos I. – MS2 

Lu, Edward T. – MS3
 
Kondakova, Elena V. – MS4 (Russia) 

Foale, C. Michael (up)
 
Linenger, Jerry M. (down) 

9 days, 05 hours, 19 minutes

144 orbits

3,600,000 miles, sm

May-15-97 

May-24-97
 
KSC 

03:08 a.m. CDT 

08:28 a.m. CDT 

STS-94 
Columbia 
Halsell, James D. – CDR 

Still (Kilrain), Susan L. – PLT
 
Voss, Janice E. – MS1  (PYLD CDR) 

Gernhardt, Michael L. – MS2 

Thomas, Donald A. – MS3 

Crouch, Roger K. – PS1
 
Linteris, Gregory T. – PS2 

15 days, 16 hours, 44 minutes

251 orbits

6,200,000 miles, sm

Jul-01-97
 
Jul-17-97 

KSC 

01:02 p.m. CDT 

05:47 a.m. CDT 

STS-85 
Discovery 
Brown, Curtis L. – CDR
 
Rominger, Kent V. – PLT 

Davis, N. Jan – MS1 (PYLD CDR) 

Curbeam, Robert L. – MS2 

Robinson, Steven K. – MS3 

Tryggvason, Bjarni V. – PS1 (Canada) 

11 days, 20 hours, 26 minutes

189 orbits
 
4,725,000 miles, sm

Aug-07-97 

Aug-19-97 

KSC 

09:41 a.m. CDT
 
06:08 a.m. CDT 
STS-86 
Atlantis 
Wetherbee, James D. – CDR 

Bloomfield, Michael J. – PLT
 
Titov, Vladimir – MS1 (Russia) 

Parazynski, Scott E. – MS2 

Chretien, Jean-Loup – MS3 (France) 

Lawrence, Wendy B. – MS4 

Wolf, David A. – MS5 (up) 

Foale, C. Michael – MS5 (down) 

10 days, 19 hours, 20 minutes 

169 orbits

4,225,000 miles, sm

Sep-25-97 

Oct-06-97 

KSC 

09:34 p.m. CDT
 
04:55 p.m. CDT 
STS-87 
Columbia 
Kregel, Kevin R. – CDR
 
Lindsey, Steven W. – PLT 

Chawla, Kalpana – MS1 

Scott, Winston E. – MS2 

Doi, Takao – MS3 (Japan)

Kadenyuk, Leonid K. – PS1 (Ukraine) 

15 days, 16 hours, 34 minutes

251 orbits

6,544,000 miles, sm

Nov-19-97 

Dec-05-97 

KSC 

01:46 p.m. CST 

06:20 a.m. CST 

STS-89 
Endeavour 
Wilcutt, Terrence W. – CDR 

Edwards Jr., Joe F. – PLT 

Reilly II, James F. – MS1
 
Anderson, Michael P. – MS2 

Dunbar, Bonnie J. – MS3 (PYLD CDR) 

Sharipov, Salizhan – MS4 (Russia) 

Thomas, Andrew S. W. – MS5 (up) 

Wolf, David A. – MS5 (down) 

8 days, 19 hours, 46 minutes

138 orbits

3,610,000 miles, sm

Jan-22-98
 
Jan-31-98 

KSC 

08:48 p.m. CST 

04:35 p.m. CST 

STS-90 
Columbia 
Searfoss, Richard A. – CDR
 
Altman, Scott D. – PLT
 
Linnehan, Richard M. – MS1 (PYLD CDR) 

Hire, Kathryn P. – MS2
 
Williams, David R. -MS3 (Canada) 

Buckey Jr., Jay Clark – PS1 

Pawelczyk, James A. – PS2 

15 days, 21 hours, 49 minutes

255 orbits

6,375,000 miles, sm 

Apr-17-98
 
May-03-98 

KSC 

01:19 p.m. CDT 

11:09 a.m. CDT 

STS-91 
Discovery 
Precourt, Charles J. – CDR 

Gorie, Dominic L. – PLT
 
Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. – MS1
(PYLD CDR) 

Lawrence, Wendy B. – MS2
 
Kavandi, Janet L. – MS3
 
Ryumin, Valery – MS4 (Russia) 

Thomas, Andrew S.W. – MS5 (down) 

9 days, 19 hours, 53 minutes

154 orbits

3,800,000 miles, sm

Jun-02-98 

Jun-12-98
 
KSC 

05:06 p.m. CDT 

01 p.m. CDT 

STS-95 
Discovery 
Brown, Curtis L. – CDR 

Lindsey, Steven W. – PLT
 
Robinson, Steven K. – MS1
 
Parazynski, Scott E. – MS2
 
Duque, Pedro – MS3
 
Naito-Mukai, Chiaki – PS1
 
Glenn Jr., John H. – PS2 

8 days, 21 hours, 43 minutes

134 orbits

3,644,459 miles, sm

Oct-29-98 

Nov-07-98
 
KSC 

01:20 p.m. CST 

11:04 a.m. CST 

STS-88 
Endeavour 
Cabana, Robert D. – CDR 

Sturckow, Frederick W. – PLT
 
Ross, Jerry L.  – MS1
 
Currie, Nancy J. – MS2
 
Newman, James H. – MS3
 
Krikalev, Sergei – MS4 (Russia) 

11 days, 19 hours, 17 minutes
 
185 orbits
 
4,650,000 miles, sm
Dec-04-98 

Dec-15-98 

KSC 

02:36 a.m. CST 

09:54 p.m. CST 

STS-96 
Discovery 
Rominger, Kent V. – CDR
 
Husband, Rick D. – PLT
 
Jernigan, Tamara E. – MS1
 
Ochoa, Ellen – MS2
 
Barry, Daniel T. – MS3
 
Payette, Julie – MS4 (Canada)
 
Tokarev, Valery – MS5 (Russia) 
9 days, 19 hours, 13 minutes

153 orbits
 
4,051,000 miles, sm

May-27-99 

Jun-06-99
 
KSC 

05:50 a.m. CDT
 
01:03 a.m. CDT 
STS-93 
Columbia 
Collins, Eileen M. – CDR
 
Ashby, Jeffrey S. – PLT
 
Coleman, Catherine G. – MS1
 
Hawley, Steven A. – MS2 

Tognini, Michel – MS3 (France) 

4 days, 22 hours, 49 minutes

79 orbits

1,796,000 miles, sm

Jul-22-99
 
Jul-27-99
 
KSC 
11:31 p.m. CDT
 
10:21 p.m. CDT 
STS-103 
Discovery 
Brown, Curtis L. – CDR 

Kelly, Scott J. – PLT
 
Smith, Steven L. – MS1
 
Clervoy, Jean-Francois – MS2 (France)
 
Grunsfeld, John M. – MS3
 
Foale, C. Michael – MS4 

Nicollier, Claude – MS5 (Switzerland) 

7 days, 23 hours, 11 minutes

120 orbits

3,267,360 miles, sm

Dec-19-99 

Dec-27-99
 
KSC 

06:50 p.m. CST 

06:01 p.m. CST 

STS-99 
Endeavour 
Kregel, Kevin R. – CDR 

Gorie, Dominic L. – PLT
 
Thiele, Gerhard- MS1 (Germany) 

Kavandi, Janet L. – MS2
 
Voss, Janice E. – MS3 

Mohri, Mamoru – MS4 (Japan) 

11 days, 05 hours, 38 minutes
 
181 orbits
 
4,708,821 miles, sm 
Feb-11-00
 
Feb-22-00
 
KSC 
11:44 a.m. CST
 
05:22 p.m. CST 
STS-101 
Atlantis 
Halsell, James D. – CDR
 
Horowitz, Scott J.  – PLT
 
Weber, Mary Ellen – MS1
 
Williams, Jeff N. – MS2
 
Voss, James S. – MS3
 
Helms, Susan J. – MS4
 
Usachev, Yury – MS5 (Russia) 
9 days, 20 hours, 9 minutes

155 orbits
 
5,076,281 miles, sm

May-19-00
 
May-29-00 

KSC 

05:11 a.m. CDT
 
01:20 a.m. CDT 
STS-106 
Atlantis 
Wilcutt, Terrence W. – CDR
 
Altman, Scott D. – PLT
 
Lu, Edward T. – MS1
 
Mastracchio, Richard A. – MS2
 
Burbank, Daniel C. – MS3
 
Malenchenko, Yuri – MS4 (Russia)
 
Morukov, Boris – MS5 (Russia) 
11 days, 19 hours, 12 minutes

203 orbits

4,919,243 miles, sm

Sep-08-00 

Sep-20-00
 
KSC 

07:46 a.m. CDT 

02:56 a.m. CDT 

STS-92 
Discovery 
Duffy, Brian – CDR
 
Melroy, Pamela A. – PLT
 
Chiao, Leroy – MS1
 
McArthur, William S. – MS2
 
Wisoff, Peter J. K. – MS3
 
Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. – MS4
 
Wakata, Koichi – MS5 (Japan) 
12 days, 21 hours, 40 minutes

202 orbits

5,331,301 miles, sm

Oct-11-00 

Oct-24-00
 
EDW 

06:17 p.m. CDT
 
04:00 p.m. CDT 
STS-97 
Endeavour 
Jett Jr., Brent W. – CDR
 
Bloomfield, Michael J. – PLT
 
Tanner, Joseph R. – MS1

Noriega, Carlos I. – MS3

Garneau, Marc  – MS2 (Canada)  

10 days, 19 hours, 58 minutes

170 orbits

4,476,164 miles, sm

Nov-30-00 

Dec-11-00 

KSC 

09:06 p.m. CST 

05:04 p.m. CST 

STS-98 
Atlantis 
Cockrell, Kenneth D. – CDR
 
Polansky, Mark L. – PLT
 
Curbeam, Robert L. – MS1
 
Ivins, Marsha S. – MS2
 
Jones, Thomas D. – MS3 
12 days, 21 hours, 20 minutes

203 orbits

5,369,576 miles, sm

Feb-7-01
 
Feb-20-01
 
EDW 
05:13 p.m. CST 

02:33 p.m. CST 

STS-102 
Discovery 
Wetherbee, James D. – CDR
 
Kelly, James M. – PLT
 
Thomas, Andrew S. W. – MS1
 
Richards, Paul W. – MS2
 
Voss, James S. – MS3 (Exp 2 up) 

Helms, Susan J. – MS4 (Exp 2, up)
 
Usachev, Yury – MS5 (Exp 2,  Russia, up) 

Shepherd, William M. – (Exp 1, down)
 
Gidzenko, Yuri – (Exp 1, Russia, down) 

Krikalev, Sergei – (Exp 1, Russia, down) 

12 days, 19 hours, 49 minutes

201 orbits
 
5,357,432 miles, sm

Mar-8-01
 
Mar-21-01 

KSC 

05:42 a.m. CST 

01:31 a.m. CST 

STS-100 
Endeavour 
Rominger, Kent V. – CDR 

Ashby, Jeffrey S. – PLT
 
Hadfield, Chris – MS1 (Canada) 

Phillips, John L. – MS2
 
Parazynski, Scott E. – MS3
 
Guidoni, Umberto – MS4 (Italy)
 
Lonchakov, Yuri – MS5 (Russia) 

11 days, 21 hours, 30 minutes

186 orbits

4,910,188 miles, sm

Apr-19-01 

May-1-01
 
EDW 

01:41 p.m. CDT
 
11:11 a.m. CDT 
STS-104 
Atlantis 
Lindsey, Steven W. – CDR
 
Hobaugh, Charles O. – PLT
 
Gernhardt, Michael L. – MS1
 
Kavandi, Janet L. – MS2
 
Reilly II, James F. – MS3 
12 days, 18 hours, 35 minutes

200 orbits

5,309,429 miles, sm

Jul-12-01
 
Jul-24-01
 
KSC 
STS-105 
Discovery 
Horowitz, Scott J. – CDR
 
Sturckow, Frederick W. – PLT
 
Forrester, Patrick G. – MS1
 
Barry, Daniel T. – MS2 

Culbertson Jr., Frank L. – MS3 (Exp 3, up)
 
Dezhurov, Vladimir – MS4 (Exp 3, Russia, up)
 
Tyurin, Mikhail – MS5 (Exp 3, Russia, up) 

Voss, James S. – MS3 (Exp 2, down)
 
Helms, Susan J. – MS4  (Exp 2, down)
 
Usachev, Yury – MS5 (Exp 2, Russia, down) 

11 days, 21 hours, 13 minutes

186 orbits

4,912,389 miles, sm

Aug-10-01 

Aug-22-01 

KSC 

04:10 p.m. CDT
 
01:23 p.m. CDT 
STS-108 
Endeavour 
Gorie, Dominic L. – CDR
 
Kelly, Mark E. – PLT
 
Godwin, Linda W. – MS1
 
Tani, Daniel M. – MS2
 
Walz, Carl E.- MS3, (Exp 4, up)
 
Bursch, Daniel W. – MS4 (Exp 4, up) 

Onufrienko, Yury – MS5 (Exp 4, Russia, up)
 
Culbertson Jr., Frank L. – MS3 (Exp 3, down) 

Dezhurov, Vladimir – MS4 (Exp 3, Russia, down)
 
Tyurin, Mikhail – MS5 (Exp 3, Russia, down) 

11 days, 19 hours, 36 minutes

185 orbits

4,817,649 miles, sm

Dec-5-01
 
Dec-17-01 

KSC 

04:19 p.m. CST
 
11:55 a.m. CST 
STS-109 
Columbia 
Altman, Scott D. – CDR
 
Carey, Duane G. – PLT
 
Grunsfeld, John M. – MS1 (PYLD CDR) 

Currie, Nancy J. – MS2
 
Linnehan, Richard M. – MS3
 
Newman, James H. – MS4
 
Massimino, Michael J. – MS5 

10 days, 22 hours, 10 minutes

165 orbits

3,941,705 miles, sm

Mar-1-02 

Mar-12-02 

KSC 

05:22 a.m. CST 

03:32 a.m. CST 

STS-110 
Atlantis 
Bloomfield, Michael J. – CDR
 
Frick, Steven N. – PLT 

Walheim, Rex J. – MS1

Ochoa, Ellen – MS2
 
Morin, Lee M. – MS3
 
Ross, Jerry L. – MS4 

Smith, Steven L. – MS5 

10 days, 19 hours, 43 minutes

170 orbits

4,525,299 miles, sm

 Apr-08-02 

Apr-19-02
 
KSC 

03:44 p.m. CDT
 
11:27 a.m. CDT 
STS-111 
Endeavour 
Cockrell, Kenneth D. – CDR
 
Lockhart, Paul S. – PLT
 
Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. – MS1
 
Perrin, Philippe – MS2 (France) 

Korzun, Valery – MS3 (Exp 5, Russia, up)
 
Whitson, Peggy A. – MS5 (Exp 5, up)
 
Onufrienko, Yury – MS3 (Exp 4, Russia, down)
 
Walz, Carl E. – MS4 (Exp 4, down) 

Bursch, Daniel W. – MS5 (Exp 4, down) 

13 days, 20 hours, 35 minutes

217 orbits

5,781,115 miles, sm

Jun-05-02
 
Jun-19-02 

EDW

04:23 p.m. CDT 

12:58 p.m. CDT 

STS-112 
Atlantis 
Ashby, Jeffrey S. – CDR
 
Melroy, Pamela A. – PLT
 
Wolf, David A. – MS1
 
Magnus, Sandra H. – MS2
 
Sellers, Piers J. – MS3
 
Yurchikhin, Fyodor – MS4 (Russia) 
10 days, 19 hours, 58 minutes

170 orbits

4,513,015 miles, sm

Oct-07-02 

Oct-18-02 

KSC 

02:46 p.m. CDT 

10:44 a.m. CDT 

STS-113 
Endeavour 
Wetherbee, James D. – CDR
 
Lockhart, Paul S. – PLT
 
Lopez-Alegria, Michael E. – MS1 

Herrington, John B. – MS2
 
Bowersox, Kenneth D.– MS3 (Exp 6, up) 

Budarin, Nikolai – MS4 (Exp 6, Russia, up)
 
Pettit, Donald R. – MS5 (Exp 6, up)
 
Korzun, Valery – MS3 (Exp 5, Russia, down) 

Whitson, Peggy A. – MS4 (Exp 5, down) 

Treschev, Sergei – MS5 (Exp 5, Russia, down) 

13 days, 18 hours, 47 minutes

215 orbits

5,735,600 miles, sm

Nov-23-02
 
Dec-07-02
 
KSC 
06:50 p.m. CST 

01:37 p.m. CST 

STS-107 
Columbia 
Husband, Rick D. – CDR
 
McCool, William C. – PLT
 
Brown, David M. – MS1
 
Chawla, Kalpana – MS2
 
Anderson, Anderson P. – MS3
 
Clark, Laurel B. – MS4
 
Ramon, Ilan – PS1 (Israel) 
15 days, 22 hours, 20 minutes
 
255 orbits

6,649,757 miles, sm

Jan-16-03 

Feb-01-03 

09:39 a.m. CST 

07:59 a.m. CST 

STS-114  
Discovery 
Collins, Eileen M. – CDR 

Kelly, James M. – PLT
 
Noguchi, Soichi – MS1 (Japan) 

Robinson, Steven K. – MS2
 
Thomas, Andrew S. W. – MS3
 
Lawrence, Wendy B. – MS4
 
Camarda, Charles J. – MS5 

13 days, 21 hours, 32 minutes

220 orbits

5,796,419 miles, sm

Jul-26-05
 
Aug-09-05
 
EDW 
09:39 a.m. CDT 

07:11 a.m. CDT 

STS-121 
Discovery 
Lindsey, Steven W. – CDR
 
Kelly, Mark E. – PLT
 
Fossum, Michael E. – MS1
 
Nowak, Lisa M. – MS2
 
Wilson, Stephanie D. – MS3 

Sellers, Piers J. – MS4
 
Reiter, Thomas – MS5 (Exp 13/14, up) (Germany) 

12 days, 18 hours, 37 minutes

202 orbits
 
5,293,923 miles, sm

Jul-4-06
 
Jul-17-06
 
KSC 
01:38 p.m. CDT
 
08:15 a.m. CDT 
STS-115 
Atlantis 
Ferguson, Christopher J. – PLT
 
Tanner, Joseph R. – MS 1 

Burbank, Daniel C. – MS 2
 
Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie M. – MS3 

MacLean, Steve – MS4 (Canada) 

11 days, 19 hours, 06 minutes

186 orbits

4,910,268 miles, sm 

Sep-09-06 

Sep-21-06
 
KSC 

10:15 a.m. CT
 
05:21 a.m. CT 
STS-116 
Discovery 
Polansky, Mark L. – CDR
 
Oefelein, William A. – PLT
 
Patrick, Nicholas J. M. – MS1
 
Curbeam, Robert L. – MS2
 
Fuglesang, Christer – MS3 (Sweden) 

Higginbotham, Joan E. – MS4
 
Williams, Sunita L. – MS5 (Exp 14/15, up) 
 
Reiter, Thomas – MS5 (Exp. 13/14, down) (Germany) 

12 days, 20 hours, 45 minutes

203 orbits

5,330,398 miles, sm

Dec-09-06 

Dec-22-06
 
KSC 

07:47 p.m. CT 

04:32 p.m. CT 

STS-117 
Atlantis 
Sturckow, Frederick W. – CDR
 
Archambault, Lee J. – PLT 

Forrester, Patrick G. – MS1
 
Swanson, Steven R. – MS2
 
Olivas, John D. – MS3
 
Reilly II, James F. – MS4

Anderson, Clayton C. – MS5 (up)
 
Williams, Sunita L. – MS5 (down)  

13 days, 20 hours, 11 minutes

220 orbits

5,809,363 miles, sm

Jun-08-07 

Jun-22-07 

EDW 

06:38 p.m. CT 

02:49 p.m. CT 

STS-118 
Endeavour 
Kelly, Scott J. – CDR
 
Hobaugh, Charles O. – PLT
 
Dyson, Tracy C. – MS1
 
Mastracchio, Richard A. – MS2 

Williams, David R. – MS3 (Canada) 

Morgan, Barbara R. – MS4
 
Drew, B. Alvin Jr. – MS5 

12/17/56 
201 
5,274,977 
Aug-08-07 

Aug-21-07 

KSC 

05:36 p.m. CT 

11:32 a.m. CT 

STS-120 
Discovery 
Melroy, Pamela A. – CDR
 
Zamka, George D. – PLT 

Parazynski, Scott E. – MS1
 
Wilson, Stephanie D. – MS2 

Wheelock, Douglas H. – MS3
 
Nespoli, Paolo – MS4 (Italy)
 
Tani, Daniel M. – MS5 (up) 

Anderson, Clayton C. – MS5 (down) 

15 days, 02 hours, 23 minutes
 
238 orbits

6,249,432 miles, sm

Oct-23-07 

Nov-07-07 

KSC 

10:38 a.m. CDT 

12:01 p.m. CST 

STS-122 
Atlantis 
Frick, Steven N. – CDR
 
Poindexter, Alan G. – PLT
 
Melvin, Leland D. – MS1 

Walheim, Rex J. – MS2
 
Schlegel, Hans – MS3 (Germany) 

Love, Stanley G. – MS4 

Eyharts, Leopold – MS5 (up) (France) 

Tani, Daniel M. – MS5 (down) 

12 days, 18 hours, 22 minutes

202 orbits

5,296,842 miles, sm

Feb-07-08 

Feb-20-08 

KSC 

01:45 p.m. CST
 
08:07 a.m. CST 
STS-123 
Endeavour 
Gorie, Dominic L. – CDR 

Johnson, Greg H. – PLT
 
Behnken, Robert L. – MS1
 
Foreman, Michael J. – MS2
 
Doi, Takao – MS 3 (Japan)
 
Linnehan, Richard M. – MS4
 
Reisman, Garrett E. – MS5 (up) 

Eyharts, Leopold – MS5 (down) (France) 

15 days, 18 hours, 11 minutes
 
6,577,857 miles, sm
Mar-11-08 

Mar-26-08 

KSC 

01:28 a.m. CDT 

07:39 p.m. CDT 

STS-124 
Discovery 
Kelly, Mark E. – CDR 

Ham, Kenneth T. – PLT
 
Nyberg, Karen L. – MS1 

Garan Jr., Ronald J. – MS2
 
Fossum, Michael E. – MS3

Hoshide, Akihiko – MS4
(Japan) 

Chamitoff, Gregory E. – MS5 (up) 

Reisman, Garrett E.  – MS5 (down) 

13 days, 18 hours, 13 minutes

217 orbits

5,735,643 miles, sm

May-31-08 

Jun-14-08
 
KSC 

04:02 p.m. CDT 

10:15 a.m. CDT 

STS-126 
Endeavour 
Ferguson, Christopher J. – CDR 

Boe, Eric A. – PLT
 
Pettit, Donald R. – MS1 

Bowen, Stephen G. – MS2
 
Stefanyshyn-Piper, Heidemarie M. – MS3 

Kimbrough, Robert S. – MS4
 
Magnus, Sandra H. – MS5 (up)
 
Chamitoff, Gregory E. – MS5 (down) 

15 days, 20 hours, 30 minutes

251 orbits

6,615,109 miles, sm

Nov-14-08 

Nov-30-08
 
EDW 

06:55 p.m. CST 

03:25 p.m. CST 

STS-119 
Discovery 
Archambault, Lee J. – CDR
 
Antonelli, Dominic A. – PLT
 
Acaba, Joseph M. – MS1
 
Swanson, Steven R. – MS2
 
Arnold, Richard R. – MS3 

Phillips, John L. – MS4 

Wakata, Koichi-MS5 (down) (Japan)
 
Magnus, Sandra H. – MS5 (down) 

12 days, 19 hours, 29 minutes

202 orbits

5,304,106 miles, sm

Mar-15-09
 
Mar-28-09 

KSC 

06:43 p.m. CDT
 
02:15 p.m. CDT 
STS-125 
Atlantis 
Altman, Scott D. – CDR
 
Johnson, Gregory C. – PLT
 
Good, Michael T. – MS1
 
McArthur, K. Megan – MS2
 
Grunsfeld, John M. – MS3
 
Massimino, Michael J. – MS4
 
Feustel, Andrew J. – MS5 
12 days, 21 hours, 37 minutes

197 orbits

5,276,000 miles, sm

May-11-09 

May-24-09 

EDW 

01:01 p.m. CDT 

10:39 a.m. CDT 

STS-127 
Endeavour 
Polansky, Mark L. – CDR 

Hurley, Douglas G. – PLT
 
Cassidy, Christopher J. – MS1
 
Payette, Julie – MS2 (Canada)
 
Marshburn, Thomas H. – MS3 

Wolf, David A. – MS4 

Kopra, Timothy L. – MS5 (up)

Wakata, Koichi – MS5 (down) (Japan)  

15 days, 16 hours, 45 minutes

248 orbits

6,547,853 miles, sm

July-15-09 

July-31-09
 
KSC 

05:03 p.m. CDT 
09:48 a.m. CDT 
STS-128 
Discovery 
Sturckow, Frederick W. – CDR
 
Ford, Kevin A. – PLT 

Forrester, Patrick G. – MS1
 
Hernandez, Jose M. – MS2
 
Olivas, John D. – MS3
 
Fuglesang, Christer – MS4 (Sweden) 

Stott, Nicole P. – MS5 (up)
 
Kopra, Timothy L. – MS5 (down) 

13 days, 20 hours, 54 minutes

219 orbits

5,755,275 miles, sm

Aug-28-09 

Sep-11-09
 
EDW 

10:59 p.m. CDT
 
07:53 p.m. CDT 
STS-129 
Atlantis 
Hobaugh, Charles O. – CDR 

Wilmore, Barry E. – PLT 

Melvin, Leland D. – MS1
 
Bresnik, “Randy” – MS2 

Foreman, “Mike” – MS3
 
Satcher Jr., Robert L. – MS4
 
Stott, Nicole P. – MS5 (down) 

10 days, 19 hours, 16 minutes

171 orbits

4,490,138 miles, sm

Nov-16-09 

Nov-27-09 

KSC 

01:28 p.m. CST 

08:44 a.m. CST 

STS-130 
Endeavour 
Zamka, George D. – CDR
 
Virts Jr., Terry W. – PLT 

Hire, Kathryn P. – MS1 

Robinson, Stephen K. – MS2 

Patrick, Nicholas J. M. – MS3
 
Behnken, Robert L. – MS4 

13 days, 18 hours, 06 minutes

217 orbits

5,738,991 miles, sm

Feb-08-10
 
Feb-21-10 

KSC 

03:14 a.m. CST 

09:20 p.m. CST 

STS-131 
Discovery 
Poindexter, Alan G. – CDR
 
Dutton Jr., James P. – PLT 

Mastracchio, Richard A. – MS1 

Metcalf-Lindenberger, Dorothy M. – MS2
 
Wilson, Stephanie D. – MS3
 
Yamazaki, Naoko – MS4 (Japan) 

Anderson, Clayton C. – MS5 

15 days, 02 hours, 47 minutes

238 orbits

6,232,235 miles, sm 

Apr-05-10 

Apr-20-10
 
KSC 

05:21 a.m. CDT 

08:08 a.m. CDT 

STS-132 
Atlantis 
Ham, Kenneth T. – CDR 

Antonelli, Dominic A. – PLT 

Reisman, Garrett E. – MS1 

Good, Michael T. – MS2 

Bowen, Stephen G. – MS3
 
Sellers, Piers J. – MS4 

11 days, 18 hours, 28 minutes

186 orbits

4,879,978 miles, sm 

May-14-10 

May-26-10
 
KSC 

01:20 p.m. CDT 

07:48 a.m. CDT 

STS-133 
Discovery 
Final Flight (39th
148,221,675 total miles 
Lindsey, Steve L. – CDR
 
Boe, Eric A. – PLT 

Drew Jr., B. Alvin- MS1 

Bowen, Stephen G. – MS2 

Barratt, Michael R. – MS3
 
Stott, Nicole P. – MS4 

12 days, 19 hours
202 orbits

5,304,140 miles, sm

Feb-24-11
 
Mar-09-11 
03:53 p.m. CST 

10:57 a.m. CST 

STS-134 
Endeavour 
Final Flight (25th
122,883,151 total miles 
Kelly, Mark E. – CDR 

Johnson, Greg H. – PLT
 
Fincke, Michael E. – MS 1
 
Vittori, Roberto – MS2 (Italy)
 
Feustel, Andrew J. – MS3
 
Chamitoff, Gregory E. – MS4 

15 days, 17 hours, 39 minutes

248 orbits
 
6,510,221 miles, sm 

May-16-11 

Jun-01-11 

07:56 a.m. CST 

01:35 a.m. CST 

STS-135 
Atlantis 
Final Flight (33rd
125,935,769 total miles 
Ferguson, Christopher J. – CDR
 
Hurley, Douglas G. – PLT 

Magnus, Sandra H. – MS1
 
Walheim, Rex J. – MS2 

12 days, 18 hours, 27 minutes

200 orbits

5,284,862 miles, sm

Jul-08-01
 
Jul-21-11 
10:29 a.m. CDT 

04:57 a.m. CDT 

 
Total Time Shuttles Were in Space: 
37164 days, 31 hours, 05 minutes 
Total Miles Shuttles Flew:  542,398,878 (135 flights) 

9.3 COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM MISSIONS 

NASA's SpaceX Crew-6 are seen inside the SpaceX Dragon Endeavour spacecraft onboard the SpaceX recovery ship.
Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev, left, NASA astronaut Warren “Woody” Hoburg, second from left, NASA astronaut Stephen Bowen, second from right, and UAE (United Arab Emirates) astronaut Sultan Alneyadi, right, are seen inside the SpaceX Dragon Endeavour spacecraft onboard the SpaceX recovery ship MEGAN shortly after having landed in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, Monday, Sept. 4, 2023. Bowen, Hoburg, Alneyadi, and Fedyaev are returning after nearly six-months in space as part of Expedition 69 aboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Flight Vehicle  Crew –
Designation (STS seat)
Duration
Days
Orbits
Miles, sm 
Date                        Launch, Location                  Landing, Location  Time                                   Launch                        Landing 
DM-2 Hurley, Douglas G. – CDR 63 days 30 May 2020, KSC 39-A  02:22 p.m. CST 
Endeavor Behnken, Robert L. – JOC  1,024 orbits 2 Aug. 2020, Gulf of Mexico 1:48 p.m. CST
27.1 million statute miles
Crew-1  Hopkins, Michael S. – CDR   167 days  16 Nov 2020, KSC 39-A  08:27 p.m. CST 
Resilience  Glover, Victor J. – PLT  2,688 orbits  02 May 2021, Gulf of Mexico 01:56 a.m. CST 
  Walker, Shannon – MS  71.1 million statute miles      
  Noguchi, Soichi – MS (Japan)       
         
Crew-2  Kimbrough, R. Shane – CDR  198 days  23 April 2021, KSC 39-A  04:49 a.m. CST 
Endeavor  McArthur, K. Megan – PLT  3,194 orbits  9 November 2021, Gulf of Mexico 9:33 p.m. CST 
  Pesquet, Thomas – MS (ESA)  84,653,119 statute miles    
  Hoshide, Aki – MS (JAXA)       
         
Crew-3  Chari, Raja – CDR  177 days  10 November 2021, KSC 39-A  8:03 p.m. CST 
Endurance  Marshburn, Thomas – PLT  2,832 orbits  6 May 2022, Gulf of Mexico 11:43 p.m. CST 
  Barron, Kayla – MS   75,060,792 statute miles    
  Maurer, Matthias – MS (ESA)       
         
Crew-4  Lindgren, Kjell – CDR  170 days  27 April 2022, KSC 39-A  2:52 a.m. CST 
Freedom  Hines, Robert – PLT  2,720 orbits  14 Oct. 2022, Gulf of Mexico  3:55 p.m. CST 
  Watkins, Jessica – MS   72,168,935 statute miles      
  Cristoforetti, Samantha – MS (ESA)       
         
Crew-5  Mann, Nicole – CDR  157 days  5 Oct. 2022, KSC 39-A  11 a.m. CST 
Endurance  Cassada, Josh – PLT  2,512 orbits  11 March 2023, Gulf of Mexico 8:07 p.m. CST 
  Wakata, Koichi – MS (JAXA)  66,577,531 statute miles    
  Kikina, Anna – MS (ROSCOSMOS)       
         
Crew-6  Bowen, Stephen – CDR  186 days  2 March 2023, KSC 39-A  11:34 p.m.  CST 
Endeavour  Hoburg, Warren – PLT   2, 976 orbits  3 Sept. 2023, Gulf of Mexico  11:17 p.m. CST 
  Alneyadi, Sultan – MS (UAE)  78,875,292 statute miles      
  Fedyaev, Andrey  – MS (ROSCOSMOS)       
         
Crew-7  Moghbeli, Jasmin – CDR   197 days  26 Aug. 2023, KSC 39-A  2:37 a.m. CST 
Endurance  Mogensen, Andreas (ESA) – PLT   3,184 orbits   12 March 2024, Gulf of Mexico  4:47 a.m. CST 
  Furukawa, Satoshi (JAXA) – MS    84,434,094 statute miles    
  Borisov, Konstantin  – MS (ROSCOSMOS)       
Crew-8 Dominick, Matthew – CDR 235 days 3 March 2024, KSC 39-A 9:53 p.m. CST
Endeavour Barratt, Michael – PLT 3,776 orbits 25 Oct. 2024, Gulf of Mexico 2:29 a.m. CST
Epps, Jeanette – MS 100,132,895 statute miles
Grebenkin, Alexander – MS (ROSCOSMOS)
Crew-9 Hague, Nick –CDR 28 Sep. 2024, KSC 40 12:17 p.m. CST
Freedom Gorbunov, Aleksandr – MS (ROSCOSMOS)

9.4 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION EXPEDITIONS

The International Space Station photographed by Expedition 56 crew members from a Soyuz spacecraft after undocking. NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel and Ricky Arnold and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev executed a fly around of the orbiting laboratory to take pictures of the station before returning home after spending 197 days in space. The station will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the launch of the first element Zarya in November 2018. Credit: NASA/Roscosmos
The International Space Station photographed by Expedition 56 crew members from a Soyuz spacecraft after undocking. NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel and Ricky Arnold and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev executed a fly around of the orbiting laboratory to take pictures of the station before returning home after spending 197 days in space. The station will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the launch of the first element Zarya in November 2018. Credit: NASA/Roscosmos
NASA/Roscosmos

Expedition 1 

William Shepherd – Yuri Gidzenko – Sergei Krikalev 

Launch: October 2000  

Land: March 2001 

141 days 

Expedition 2 

Yury Usachev – Jim Voss – Susan Helms 

Launch: March 2001 

Land: August 2001 

167 days 

Expedition 3 

Frank Culbertson – Vladimir Dezhurov – Mikhail Tyurin 

Launch: August 2001 

Land: December 2001  

129 days 

Expedition 4 

Yury Onufrienko – Carl Walz – Daniel Bursch 

Launch: December 2001 

Land: June 2002 

196 days 

Expedition 5 

Valery Korzum – Sergei Treschev – Peggy Whitson 

Launch: June 2002 

Land: December 2002 

185 days 

Expedition 6 

Ken Bowersox – Nikolai Budarin – Donald Pettit 

Launch: November 2002 

Land: May 2003 

161 days 

Expedition 7 Up with Expedition 8/Down with Expedition 7 

Yuri Malenchenko – Ed Lu   Pedro Duque 

Launch: April 2003 Launch & Land: October 2003 

Land: October 2003 10 days 

185 days 

Expedition 8     Up with Expedition 9/Down with Expedition 8 

Mike Foale – Alexander Kaleri Andre Kuipers  

Launch: October 2003 Launch & Land: April 2004 

Land: April 2004 11 days 

195 days 

Expedition 9 Up with Expedition 10/Down with Expedition 9 

Gennady Padalka – Michael Fincke Yuri Shargin 

Launch: April 2004 Launch & Land: October 2004 

Land: October 2004 10 days 

188 days 

Expedition 10 Up with Expedition 11/Down with Expedition 10 

Leroy Chiao – Salizhan Sharipov Roberto Vittori 

Launch: October 2004 Launch & Land: April 2005  

Land: April 2005 10 days 

193 days 

Expedition 11  

Sergei Krikalev – John Phillips  

Launch: April 2005 

Land: October 2005 (with Greg Olson

179 days 

Expedition 12 

William McArthur – Valery Tokarev 

Launch: October 2005 (with Greg Olson

Land: April 2006 

190 days 

Expedition 13 Expedition 13 & Expedition 14  

Pavel Vinogradov – Jeffrey Williams Thomas Reiter 

Launch: March 2006 Launch: July 2006 

Land: September 2006 Land: December 2006 

183 days 171 days 

Expedition 14 Expedition 14 & Expedition 15  

Mike Lopez-Alegria – Mikhail Tyurin Sunita Williams 

Launch: September 2006 Launch: December 2006 

Land: April 2007 Land: June 2007 

215 days 194 days 

Expedition 15 Expedition 15 & Expedition 16 

Fyodor Yurchikhin – Oleg Kotov Clay Anderson 

Launch: April 2007 Launch: June 2007 

Land: October 2007 Land: November 2007 

196 days   152 days 

Expedition 16 Expedition 16  

Peggy Whitson – Yuri Malenchenko Dan Tani 

Launch: October 2007 Launch: October 2007 

Land: April 2008 Land: February 2008 

192 days    120 days 

Expedition 16 Expedition 16  & Expedition 17  

Leopold Eyharts Garrett Reisman 

Launch: February 2008 Launch: March 2008 

Land: March 2008 Land: June 2008 

48 days 95 days 

Expedition 17 Expedition 17 & Expedition 18 

Sergey Volkov – Oleg Kononenko Gregory Chamitoff 

Launch: April 2008 Launch: May 2008 

Land: October 2008 Land: November 2008 

199 days 183 days 

Expedition 18 Expedition 18 & Expedition 19 

Michael Fincke – Yuri Lonchakov Koichi Wakata 

Launch: October 2008 Launch: March 2009 

Land: April 2009 Land: July 2009 

178 days 137 days 

Expedition 18 

Sandy Magnus 

Launch: November 2008 

Land: March 2009 

134 days 

Expedition 19 & Expedition 20  

Gennady Padalka – Michael Barratt  

Launch: March 2009  

Land: October 2009 

199 days  

Expedition 20 & Expedition 21  

Roman Romanenko – Frank DeWinne – Robert Thirsk 

Launch: May 2009 

Land: December 2009 

187 days 

Expedition 20  

Tim Kopra 

Launch: July 2009 

Land: September 2009 

58 days 

Expedition 21 & Expedition 22 

Jeffrey Williams – Maxim Suraev 

Launch: September 2009 

Land: March 2010  

169 days 

Expedition 21 

Nicole Stott 

Launch: August 2009 

Land: November 2009 

91 Days 

Expedition 22 & Expedition 23 

Oleg Kotov – Soichi Noguchi – Timothy Creamer 

Launch: December 2009 

Land: June 2010 

163 days 

Expedition 23 & Expedition 24 

Aleksandr Skvortsov – Mikhail Kornienko – Tracy C. Dyson 

Launch: April 2010 

Land: September 2010 

176 days 

Expedition 24 & Expedition 25 

Douglas Wheelock – Fyodor Yurchikhin – Shannon Walker 

Launch: June 2010 

Land: November 2010 

163 days 

Expedition 25 & Expedition 26 

Scott Kelly – Aleksandr Kaleri – Oleg Skripochka 

Launch: October 2010 

Land: March 2011 

159 days 

Expedition 26 & Expedition 27 

Dmitri Kondratyev – Catherine Coleman – Paolo Nespoli 

Launch: December 2010 

Land: May 2011 

159 days 

Expedition 27 & Expedition 28 

Andrey Borisenko – Aleksandr Samokutyaev – Ronald Garan 

Launch: April 2011 

Land: September 2011 

164 days 

Expedition 28 & Expedition 29 

Michael Fossum – Sergey Volkov – Satoshi Furukawa 

Launch: June 2011 

Land: November 2011 

167 days 

Expedition 29 & Expedition 30 

Daniel Burbank – Anton Shkaplerov – Anatoly Ivanishin 

Launch: November 2011 

Land: April 2012 

165 days 

Expedition 30 & Expedition 31 

Oleg Kononenko – Donald Pettit – Andre Kuipers 

Launch: December 2011 

Land: July 2012 

192 days 

Expedition 31 & Expedition 32 

Gennadi Padalka – Sergei Revin – Joseph Acaba 

Launch: May 2012 

Land: September 2012 

123 Days 

Expedition 32 & Expedition 33 

Sunita Williams – Yuri Malenchenko – Aki Hoshide 

Launch: July 2012 

Land: November 2012 

127 Days 

Expedition 33 & Expedition 34 

Kevin Ford – Oleg Novitsky – Yevgeni Tarelkin 

Launch: October 2012 

Land: March 2013 

144 Days 

Expedition 34 & Expedition 35 

Chris Hadfield – Roman Romanenko – Tom Marshburn 

Launch: December 2012 

Land: May 2013 

146 Days 

Expedition 35 & Expedition 36 

Pavel Vinogradov – Aleksander Misurkin – Chris Cassidy 

Launch: March 2013 

Land: September 2013 

166 Days 

Expedition 36 & Expedition 37 

Fyodor Yurchikhin – Luca Parmitano – Karen Nyberg 

Launch: May 2013 

Land: November 2013 

166 Days 

Expedition 37 & Expedition 38 

Oleg Kotov – Sergey Ryzansky – Mike Hopkins 

Launch: September 2013 

Land: March 2014 

167 days 

Expedition 38 & Expedition 39 

Koichi Wakata – Mikhail Tyurin – Rick Mastracchio 

Launch: November 2013 

Land: May 2014 

188 days 

Expedition 39 & Expedition 40 

Steve Swanson – Aleksandr Skvortsov – Oleg Artemiev 

Launch: March 2014 

Land: September 2014 

169 days 

Expedition 40 & Expedition 41 

Makin Suraev – Reid Wiseman – Alexander Gerst 

Launch: June 2014 

Land: November 2014  

165 days 

Expedition 41 & Expedition 42 

Barry Wilmore – Alexander Samokutyaev – Yelena Serova 

Launch: September 2014 

Land: March 2015 

167 days 

Expedition 42 & Expedition 43  

Anton Shkaplerov – Samantha Cristoforetti – Terry Virts 

Launch: November 2014 

Land: May 2015 

199 days 

Expedition 43  & Expedition 44 

Gennady Padalka 

Launch: March 2015 

Land: October 2015 

168 days 

Expedition 43, Expedition 44, Expedition 45, Expedition 46 

Scott Kelly – Mikhail Kornienko 

Launch: March 2015 

Land: March 2016 

340 days 

Expedition 44 & Expedition 45 

Oleg Kononenko – Kjell Lindgren – Kimiya Yui 

Launch: May 2015 

Land: March 2016 

141 days 

Expedition 45 & Expedition 46 

Sergey Volkov 

Launch: October 2015 

Land: March 2016   

182 days 

Visiting Crew 

Andreas Mogensen – Aidyn Aimbetov 

Launch: with Volkov, October 2015 

Land: with Padalka, October 2015 

10 days 

Expedition 46 & Expedition 47 

Yuri Malenchenko – Tim Kopra – Timothy Peake 

Launch: December 2015 

Land: June 2016 

186 days 

Expedition 47 & Expedition 48 

Jeff Williams – Alexey Ovchinin – Oleg Skripochka 

Launch: March 2016 

Land: September 2016 

172 days 

Expedition 48 & Expedition 49 

Anatoly Ivanishin – Kate Rubins – Takuya Onishi 

Launch: July 2016 

Land: October 2016  

115 days 

Expedition 49 & Expedition 50 

Shane Kimbrough – Sergey Ryzhikov – Andrey Borisenko 

Launch: October 2016 

Land: April 2017 

173 days 

Expedition 50 & Expedition 51 

Oleg Novistsky – Thomas Pesquet  

Launch: November 2016 

Land: June 2017 

196 days 

Expedition 50, Expedition 51 & Expedition 52 

Peggy Whitson 

Launch: November 2016 

Land: September 2017 

288 days 

Expedition 51 & Expedition 52 

Jack Fischer – Fyodor Yurchikhin  

Launch: April 2017 

Land: September 2017 

136 days 

Expedition 52 & Expedition 53 

Sergey Ryazanskiy – Randy Bresnik – Paolo Nespoli 

Launch: July 2017 

Land: December 2017 

139 days 

Expedition 53 & Expedition 54 

Alexander Misurkin – Joseph Acaba – Mark Vande Hei 

Launch: September 2017 

Land: February 2018 

168 days 

Expedition 54 & Expedition 55 

Anton Shkaplerov – Scott Tingle – Norshige Kanai 

Launch: December 2017 

Land: June 2018 

168 days 

Expedition 55 & Expedition 56 

Oleg Aremyev – Drew Feustel – Ricky Arnold 

Launch: March 2018 

Land: October 2018 

197 days 

Expedition 56 & 57 

Alexander Gerst – Serena Auñón-Chancellor – Sergey Prokopyev 

Launch: June 2018 

Land: December 2018 

197 days 

Expedition 58 & Expedition 59 

Oleg Kononenko – Anne McClain – David St. Jacques 

Launch: December 2018 

Land: June 2019 

204 days 

Expedition 59 & Expedition 60 

Aleksey Ovchinin – Nick Hague – Christina H. Koch 

Launch: March 14, 2019 

Land: October 3, 2019 

204 days 

Expedition 60 & Expedition 61 

Andrew Morgan – Luca Parmitano – Aleksandr Skvortsov  

Launch: July 20, 2019 

Land: February 6, 2020 (Christina H. Koch landed with Expedition 60-61) 

202 days 

Expedition 61 & Expedition 62 

Andrew Morgan – Jessica Meir – Oleg Skripochka  

Launch: September. 25, 2019 

Land: April 17, 2020 

206 days 

Expedition 62 & Expedition 63 

Christopher Cassidy – Anatoli Ivanishin – Ivan Vagner 

Launch: April 9, 2020 

Land: October 21, 2020 

196 days 

Expedition 63 

Doug Hurley – Bob Behnken 

Launch: May 30, 2020 

Land: August 2, 2020 

65 days 

Expedition 63 & 64  

Sergey Ryzhikov – Sergey Kud-Sverchkov – Kathleen Rubins 

Launch: October 14, 2020 

Land: April 17, 2021 

181 days 

Expedition 64 & 65 

Michael Hopkins – Victor Glover – Soichi Noguchi – Shannon Walker 

Launch: November 16, 2020 

Land: May 2, 2021 

168 days 

Oleg Novitsky 

Launch: April 17, 2021 

Land: October 17, 2021 

Expedition 64, 65, & 66 

Pyotr Dubrov – Mark Vande Hei, Oleg Novitskiy 

Launch: April 17, 2021 

Land: March 30, 2022 

355 days 

Expedition 65 

Akihiko Hoshide – Shane Kimbrough – Megan McArthur – Thomas Pesquet 

Launch: April 23, 2021 

Land: November 9, 2021  

199 days 

Expedition 66 

Raja Chari – Thomas Mashburn – Matthias Maurer – Kayla Barron 

Launch: November 11, 2021 

Land: May 6, 2022 

177 days  

Expedition 66 & 67 

Oleg Artemyev – Denis Matveev – Sergey Korasov 

Launch: March 18, 2022 

Landing: September 29, 2022 

195 days 

Expedition 67 

Kjell Lindgren – Robert Hines – Jessica Watkins – Samantha Cristoforetti  

Launch: April 27, 2022 

Landing: October 14, 2022 

170 days 

Expedition 67, 68 & 69 

Frank Rubio – Dmitri Petelin – Sergey Prokopyev  

Launch: September 21, 2022 

Landing: September 27, 2023 

371 days 

Expedition 68 

Nicole Mann – Josh Cassada – Kiochi Wakata – Anna Kikina 

Launch: October 5, 2022 

Landing: March 11, 2023 

157 days  

Expedition 69 

Stephen Bowen – Warren Hoburg – Sultan Alneyadi – Andrey Fedyaev  

Launch: March 2, 2023 

Landing: September 4, 2023 

186 days 

Expedition 70 

Jasmin Moghbeli – Andreas Mogensen – Satoshi Furukawa – Konstantin Borisov 

Launch: September 26, 2023 

Landing: March 12, 2024

199 days

Expedition 69 & 70 

Loral O’Hara – Oleg Kononeko – Nikolai Chub 

Launch: September 15, 2023

Landing: April 6, 2024

204 days

Expedition 71:

Matthew Dominick – Michael Barratt – Jeanette Epps – Alexander Grebenkin 

Launch: March 3, 2024 

Landing: October 25, 2024 

235 days

Expedition 70 & 71 

Tracy C. Dyson – Oleg Novitskiy – Marina Vasilevskaya 

Launch: March 23, 2024 

Landing: September 23, 2024 

184 days

Expedition 72 

Nick Hague – Aleksandr Gorbunov  

Launch: September 28, 2024 

Expedition 71 & 72 

Don Pettit 

Launch: September 11, 2024 

9.5 SPACEWALK STATISTICS FOR U.S. ASTRONAUTS

NASA astronaut Drew Feustel is pictured tethered to the International Space Station during a spacewalk.
NASA astronaut Drew Feustel is pictured tethered to the International Space Station during a spacewalk on June 14, 2018.
ASTRONAUT # OF SPACEWALKS TIME
Michael E. Lopez-Algeria 10 67 hours – 40 minutes
Steve G. Bowen 10 65 hours – 57 minutes
Andrew J. Feustel 9 61 hours – 48 minutes
Robert L. Behnken 10 61 hours – 10 minutes
Peggy A. Whitson 10 60 hours – 21 minutes
Robert S. Kimbrough 9 59 hours – 28 minutes 
John M. Grunsfeld 8 58 hours – 30 minutes
Jerry L. Ross 9 57 hours – 55 minutes
Christopher J. Cassidy 10 54 hours – 51 minutes 
Richard A. Mastracchio 9 53 hours – 04 minutes 
Sunita L. Williams 7 50 hours – 40 minutes 
Steve L. Smith 7 49 hours – 48 minutes
E. Michael Fincke 9 48 hours – 36 minutes
Michael E. Fossum 7 48 hours – 32 minutes 
Scott E. Parazynski 7 47 hours – 05 minutes
Joseph R. Tanner 7 46 hours – 29 minutes
Andrew R. Morgan 7 45 hours – 48 minutes
Robert L. Curbeam, Jr. 7 45 hours – 33 minutes 
Douglas H. Wheelock 6 43 hours – 30 minutes 
James H. Newman 6 43 hours – 13 minutes 
Christina H. Koch 6 42 hours – 15 minutes 
Richard J. Linnehan 6 42 hours – 12 minutes 
David A. Wolf 7 41 hours – 57 minutes
Piers Sellers 6 41 hours – 10 minutes
Daniel M. Tani 6 39 hours – 11 minutes 
Clayton C. Anderson 6 38 hours – 28 minutes 
Rex J. Walheim 5 36 hours – 23 minutes 
Leroy Chiao 6 36 hours – 19 minutes 
John D. Olivas 5 34 hours – 28 minutes
Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper 5 33 hours – 42 minutes
Michael J. Foreman 5 32 hours – 20 minutes 
Richard R. Arnold 5 32 hours – 04 minutes 
Michael S. Hopkins 5 32 hours – 01 minutes 
Randolph J. Bresnik 5 32 hours – 00 minutes 
Jeffrey N. Williams 5 31 hours – 55 minutes 
Thomas Marshburn 5 31 hours – 01 minute
Michael J. Massimino 4 30 hours – 44 minutes 
James F. Reilly 5 30 hours – 39 minutes 
Michael T. Good 4 29 hours – 53 minutes 
Thomas D. Akers 4 29 hours – 40 minutes 
Steven R. Swanson 5 27 hours – 58 minutes 
Ronald J. Garan, Jr. 4 27 hours – 03 minutes 
Kathleen H. Rubins 4 26 hours – 46 minutes 
Mark Vande Hei 5 26 hours – 42 minutes 
Story Musgrave 4 26 hours – 12 minutes 
Victor J. Glover 4 26 hours – 07 minutes 
Mark C. Lee 4 26 hours – 01 minutes 
Daniel T. Barry 4 25 hours – 49 minutes 
Barry E. Wilmore 4 25 hours – 36 minutes 
Patrick G. Forrester 4 25 hours – 30 minutes 
Jeffrey A. Hoffman 4 25 hours – 08 minutes
William W. McArthur, Jr. 4 24 hours – 21 minutes
Eugene A. Cernan 4 24 hours – 11 minutes 
Thomas H. Marshburn 4 24 hours – 29 minutes 
Tracy C.  Dyson 4 23 hours – 20 minutes 
Michael L. Gernhardt 4 23 hours – 12 minutes 
C. Michael Foale 4 22 hours – 45 minutes 
James S. Voss 4 22 hours – 25 minutes 
Harrison H. Schmitt 3 22 hours – 02 minutes 
Jessica U. Meir 3 21 hours – 44 minutes 
Josh Cassada 3 21 hours – 24 minutes
Frank Rubio 3 21 hours – 24 minutes 
Garrett E. Reisman 3 21 hours – 12 minutes 
Kathryn C. Thornton 3 21 hours – 11 minutes 
James D. A. van Hoften 4 21 hours – 08 minutes
Charlie M. Duke, Jr. 3 20 hours – 14 minutes 
John W. Young 3 20 hours – 14 minutes 
Steven K. Robinson 3 20 hours – 05 minutes 
Tyler N. Hague 3 19 hours – 56 minutes
John B. Herrington 3 19 hours – 55 minutes
Peter J. K. Wisoff 3 19 hours – 53 minutes 
Thomas D. Jones 3 19 hours – 48 minutes 
Joseph M. Acaba 3 19 hours – 46 minutes
Winston E. Scott 3 19 hours – 36 minutes 
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz 3 19 hours – 30 minutes 
Carlos I. Noriega 3 19 hours – 20 minutes 
Terry W. Virts 3 19 hours – 02 minutes 
Carl E. Walz 3 18 hours – 55 minutes 
James B. Irwin 3 18 hours – 33 minutes
David R. Scott 3 18 hours – 33 minutes 
Gregory J. Harbaugh 3 18 hours – 29 minutes 
Scott J. Kelly 3 18 hours – 20 minutes 
Nicholas J. M. Patrick 3 18 hours – 14 minutes 
Pierre J. Thuot 3 17 hours – 42 minutes 
Richard J. Hieb 3 17 hours – 42 minutes 
Gerald P. Carr 3 15 hours – 49 minutes
Stanley G. Love 2 15 hours – 23 minutes
Edward G. Gibson 3 15 hours – 21 minutes 
Kjell N. Lindgren 2 15 hours – 04 minutes 
Lee M. Morin 2 14 hours – 07 minutes 
Nicole Mann 2 14 hours – 02 minutes 
Raja Chari 2 13 hours – 48 minutes 
Gregory E. Chamitoff 2 13 hours – 43 minutes
Owen K. Garriott 3 13 hours – 43 minutes
William R. Pogue 2 13 hours – 34 minutes 
Timothy L. Kopra 3 13 hours – 31 minutes
Kayla Barron 2 13 hours – 26 minutes
Kenneth D. Bowersox 2 13 hours – 17 minutes
Donald R. Pettit 2 13 hours – 17 minutes 
Anne C. McClain 2 13 hours – 08 minutes
B. Alvin Drew 2 12 hours – 48 minutes 
G. Reid Wiseman 2 12 hours – 47 minutes 
Charles Conrad, Jr. 4 12 hours – 46 minutes  
Robert L. Satcher, Jr. 2 12 hours – 19 minutes 
Sherwood C. Spring 2 12 hours – 13 minutes 
Joseph M. Allen 2 12 hours – 14 minutes 
Bruce McCandless, II 2 12 hours – 12 minutes 
Robert L. Stewart 2 12 hours – 12 minutes 
William F. Fisher 2 11 hours – 46 minutes 
Daniel W. Bursch 2 11 hours – 46 minutes 
Dale A. Gardner 2 11 hours – 42 minutes 
Joseph P. Allen 2 11 hours – 42 minutes 
Warren Hoburg 2 11 hours – 38 minutes  
Jack R. Lousma 2 11 hours – 02 minutes 
Alan L. Bean 3 10 hours – 26 minutes 
Linda M. Godwin 2 10 hours – 14 minutes 
Jerome Apt 2 10 hours – 13 minutes 
George D. Nelson 2 09 hours – 22 minutes 
Alan B. Shepard, Jr. 2  09 hours – 21 minutes 
Edgar D. Mitchell 2 09 hours – 21 minutes
Susan J. Helms 1 08 hours – 55 minutes
Tamara E. Jernigan 1 07 hours – 55 minutes 
Scott D. Tingle 1 07 hours – 24 minutes 
Daniel C. Burbank 1 07 hours – 11 minutes 
Jack D. Fischer 2 06 hours – 59 minutes 
Carl J. Meade 1 06 hours – 51 minutes
Jasmin Moghbeli 1 06 hours – 42 minutes
Loral O’Hara 1 06 hours – 42 minutes 
Nicole P. Stott 1 06 hours – 35 minutes 
Andrew S. W. Thomas 1 06 hours – 21 minutes 
Paul W. Richards 1 06 hours – 21 minutes
Edward T. Lu 1 06 hours – 14 minutes 
Michael R. Clifford 1 06 hours – 02 minutes 
G. David Low 1 05 hours – 50 minutes 
Michael R. Barratt 3 05 hours – 37 minutes 
Frank L. Culbertson, Jr. 1 05 hours – 04 minutes 
Jerry M. Linenger 1 04 hours – 59 minutes 
John L. Phillips 1 04 hours – 58 minutes
Edwin Aldrin 2 04 hours – 40 minutes
Bernard A. Harris, Jr. 1 04 hours – 39 minutes  
Mario Runco Jr. 1 04 hours – 28 minutes
Donald H. Peterson 1 04 hours – 17 minutes
David C. Leestma 1 03 hours – 29 minutes
Kathryn D. Sullivan 1 03 hours – 29 minutes 
Joseph P. Kerwin 1 03 hours – 25 minutes 
S. David Griggs 1 03 hours – 06 minutes
Neil A. Armstrong 1 02 hours – 31 minutes 
Paul J. Weitz 1 01 hour – 36 minutes  
Thomas K. Mattingly 1 01 hour – 23 minutes  
Ronald E. Evans 1 01 hour – 05 minutes 
Russell L. Schweickart 1  0 hours – 46 minutes  
Michael Collins 1  0 hours – 39 minutes
Alfred M. Worden 1  0 hours – 39 minutes 
Richard F. Gordon, Jr. 1 0 hours – 38 minutes 
Edward H. White, II 1 0 hours – 36 minutes