Integrated Medical Model Documentation

Integrated Medical Model Runs

It is strongly recommended that care be taken when using the results of the simulation and the output should be weighted appropriately for its level of credibility with respect to informing any decision making.

A red-yellow airglow blankets Earth's horizon as the city lights of southwestern Europe and North Africa sparkle in contrast to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea that separates the two continents. The International Space Station was orbiting 262 miles above the Atlantic at approximately 7:47 p.m. local time when this photograph was taken.

Low Earth Orbit

Lunar Orbit and Surface

Martian Orbit and Surface

Coming Soon!

Square image filled with blue, white, yellow, and red points of light of different size and brightness, most of which are stars. The larger and brighter stars show Webb’s distinctive diffraction pattern consisting of eight spikes radiating from the center. At the lower right is a scale bar labeled 2 light-years. The scale bar is two-ninths the width of the image, and shows that throughout the image, the distance between adjacent stars is a fraction of one light-year. The density of stars and brightness of the image is greatest in the upper left portion of the image where the stars are much closer together, and decreases gradually toward the bottom right where they are farther apart. The number of larger, brighter stars also appears to decrease from the upper left toward the lower right.

Deep Space Exploration

Coming Soon!

Condition	IMM Runs	Clinical Finding Forms
Abdominal Injury	Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA	Abdominal Injury CliFF Abdominal Injury CliFF (2023) Abdominal Wall Hernia CliFF Abdominal Injury (Blunt/Trauma) CliFF (2023)
Allergic Reaction	10.5 day Orion Optimization	Allergic Reaction (Mild-Moderate) CliFF Allergic Reaction (Mild-Moderate) CliFF (2023) Anaphylaxis CliFF Anaphylaxis CliFF (2023)
Altitude Sickness		Altitude Sickness CliFF Altitude Sickness CliFF (2023)
Appendicitis	10.5 day Orion Optimization	Appendicitis CliFF Appendicitis CliFF (2023)
Behavioral or Mental Health Alterations		Anxiety CliFF Adjustment Disorder CliFF (2023) Anxiety CliFF (2023) Behavioral Emergency CliFF Depression CliFF Depression CliFF (2023) Grief Reaction CliFF (2023) Psychosis (Secondary to Depression) CliFF (2023)
Cardiovascular Conditions	2024 Lunar Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update ISS PRA EVA Model 2019 Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Angina/Myocardial Infarction CliFF Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter CliFF Cardiogenic Shock/Myocardial Infarction CliFF Hypertension CliFF Sudden Cardiac Arrest CliFF Traumatic Hypovolemic Shock CliFF Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter CliFF (2023) Cardiogenic Shock CliFF (2023) Acute Coronary Syndrome CliFF (2023) Sudden Cardiac Arrest CliFF (2023) Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) CliFF (2023) EVA-Related Dehydration CliFF (2023) Gravity Well Entry (Orthostatic Intolerance) CliFF (2023) Traumatic Hypovolemic Shock CliFF (2023)
Chest Injury	Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV	Chest Injury CliFF Chest Injury (Blunt/Trauma) CliFF (2023)
Decompression Sickness (DCS)	2024 Lunar ISS PRA EVA Model 2019 Risk Assessment for Artemis 32 day Design Reference Missions (DRM)	Decompression Sickness (Secondary to EVA) CliFF EVA-Related Decompression Sickness CliFF (2023)
Dental Injury	Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Contents Orion Medical Kit Validation Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Dental Abscess CliFF Dental Avulsion (Tooth Loss) CliFF Dental Caries CliFF Dental Cross Loss CliFF Dental Exposed Pulp CliFF Dental Filling Loss CliFF Dental Abscess CliFF (2023) Dental Luxation/Avulsion (Tooth Loss) CliFF (2023) Dental Cross Loss CliFF (2023) Dental Exposed Pulp CliFF (2023) Dental Filling Loss CliFF (2023)
Ebullism		Ebullism CliFF (2023)
Eye Injury	2024 Lunar ISS PRA EVA Model 2019 Orion Medical Kit Validation Training	Burn Chemical Eye CliFF (2023) Eye Chemcial Burn CliFF Eye Corneal Ulcer CliFF Eye Foreign Body CliFF (2023) Eye Infection CliFF Eye Irritation Corneal Abrasion/Ulceration CliFF (2023) Eye Irritation/Abrasion CliFF Eye Penetration (Foreign Body) CliFF Eye Retinal Injury CliFF (2023) Eyelid and Anterior Eye Infection CliFF (2023) Retinal Detachment CliFF
Gastrointestinal Conditions	10.5 day Orion Optimization 2024 Lunar Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Contents Orion Medical Kit Validation Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Acute Cholesystitis Biliary Colic CliFF Acute Cholesystitis Biliary Colic CliFF (2023) Acute Diverticulitis CliFF Acute Diverticulitis CliFF (2023) Acute Pancreatitis CliFF Acute Pancreatitis CliFF (2023) Constipation (Space Adaptation) CliFF Diarrhea CliFF Gastritis/Reflux/Esophagitis CliFF (2023) Gastroenteritis Acute Diarrhea (2023) Gastroenteritis CliFF Hemorrhoids CliFF Hemorrhoids CliFF (2023) Indigestion CliFF Small Bowel Obstruction CliFF Small Bowel Obstruction CliFF (2023)
Head Injury	Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Head Injury CliFF Minor Head Injury (Trauma) CliFF (2023) Severe Head Injury (Trauma) CliFF (2023)
Headache	2024 Lunar Orion Medical Kit Contents Orion Medical Kit Validation	Headache (CO2 Induced) CliFF Headache (CO2-Induced) CliFF (2023) Headache (Late) CliFF Headache (Space Adaptation) CliFF Headache (Space Adaptation) CliFF (2023) Headache CLiFF (2023)
Heat Illness		EVA-Related Heat Illness CliFF (2023)
Infectious Disease	2024 Lunar Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Contents Orion Medical Kit Validation Risk Assessment for Artemis 32 day Design Reference Missions (DRM) Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Herpes Zoster Reactivation (Shingles) CliFF Herpes Zoster Reactivation (Shingles) CliFF (2023) Influenza CliFF Sepsis CliFF Sepsis CliFF (2023)
Lower Extremity Injury	2024 Lunar Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA	Ankle Sprain CliFF Fracture Distal Leg CliFF (2023) Fracture Femur ClIFF (2023) Knee Sprain/Strain CliFF Lower Extremity Sprain/Strain CliFF (2023) Lower Extremity Stress Fracture CliFF Lower Extremity Tendinopathy Enthesopathy (Bursitis/Over Use Injuries) CliFF (2023)
Lunar Dust Exposure		Lunar Dust Exposure (EVA/Habitat) CliFF (2023) Lunar Dust Exposure (Surface EVA) CliFF (2023)
Medication Overdose	10.5 day Orion Optimization 2024 Lunar Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Validation Risk Assessment for Artemis 32 day Design Reference Missions (DRM) Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Medication Overdose (Adverse Reaction) CliFF Benzodiazapine/Opioid Overdose CliFF (2023)
Musculoskeletal Conditions	Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Contents Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Acute Arthritis CliFF Acute Arthritis CliFF (2023) Acute Compartment Syndrome CliFF Back Pain (Space Adaptation) CliFF Back Sprain/Strain CliFF Back Sprain/Strain CliFF (2023) Cervical Spine Fracture CliFF (2023) EVA-Related Suit Contact Injury CliFF (2023) Fracture Thoracic Lumbar Spine (2023) Hip Sprain/Strain CliFF Hip/Proximal Femur Fracture CliFF Lumbar Spine Fracture CliFF Neck Sprain/Strain CliFF Neck Sprain/Strain CliFF (2023)
Nephrolithiasis	2024 Lunar Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Contents Orion Medical Kit Validation Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Nephrolithiasis CliFF Nephrolithiasis CliFF (2023)
Neurological Conditions	10.5 day Orion Optimization Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Validation Risk Assessment for Artemis 32 day Design Reference Missions (DRM) Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Neurogenic Shock CliFF Parethesias (Secondarty to EVA) CliFF Seizures CliFF Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident) CliFF Central Neuropathy (Impingement-Related) CliFF (2023) Cerebrovascular Accident CliFF (2023) EVA-Related Paesthesia CliFF (2023) Seizures CliFF (2023)
Neurovestibular Disturbance	Training	Gravity Well Entry (Motion Sickness) Cliff (2023) Space Motion Sickness (Space Adaptation) CliFF Space Motion Sickness (Space Adaptation) CliFF (2023)
Otolaryngological Conditions	10.5 day Orion Optimization 2024 Lunar Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Contents Orion Medical Kit Validation Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Acute Sinusitis CliFF Barotrauma (Ear Sinus Block) CliFF Barotrauma (Ear Sinus Block) CliFF (2023) Cerumen Impaction CliFF (2023) Choking/Obstructied Airway CliFF Choking/Obstructed Airway CliFF (2023) Epistaxis (Space Adaptation) CliFF (2023) Epistaxis CliFF (2023) Gravity Well Entry (Sensorimotor Neurovestibular Disturbance) CliFF (2023) Hearing Loss (Noise Related) CliFF (2023) Hearing Loss CliFF Hearing Loss CliFF (2023) Mouth Ulcer CliFF Mouth Ulcer CliFF (2023) Nasal Congestion (Space Adaptation) CliFF Nasal Congestion (Space Adaptation) CliFF (2023) Nose Bleed Space Adaptation CliFF Otitis Externa CliFF Otitis Externa CliFF (2023) Otitis Media CliFF Otitis Media CliFF (2023) Pharyngitis CliFF Pharyngitis CliFF (2023)
Radiation Syndrome	10.5 day Orion Optimization Orion Medical Kit Validation	Acute Radiation Syndrome CliFF Acute Radiation Syndrome CliFF (2023)
Respiratory System Injury	10.5 day Orion Optimization Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update ISS PRA EVA Model 2019 Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Validation Risk Assessment for Artemis 32 day Design Reference Missions (DRM) Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Lower Respiratory Tract Infection CliFF (2023) Respiratory Infection CliFF Respiratory Failure CliFF (2023) Respiratory Tract Infection CliFF (2023) Smoke Inhalation CliFF Toxic Exposure (Ammonia) CliFF Toxic Inhalation Exposure (Combustion Products) CliFF (2023) Toxic Inhalation Exposure CliFF (2023)
Skin Injury	10.5 day Orion Optimization 2024 Lunar Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA Orion Medical Kit Contents Orion Medical Kit Validation Training	Burns (Secondary to Fire) CliFF Burn Chemical Skin CliFF (2023) Burn Mild Thermal Skin CliFF (2023) Burn Moderate-Severe Thermal Skin CliFF (2023) Skin Abrasion CliFF Skin Abrasion CliFF (2023) Skin Infection (Bacterial) CliFF (2023) Skin Infection (Viral/Fungal) CliFF (2023) Skin Infection CliFF Skin Laceration CliFF Skin Laceration CliFF (2023) Skin Rash (Spaceflight Associated) CliFF (2023) Skin Rash CliFF Toxic Dermal Exposure CliFF (2023)
Sleep Disturbance	Training	Insomnia (Space Adaptation) CliFF Insomnia (Space Adaptation) CliFF (2023) Sleep Disorder CliFF Sleep Disturbance CliFF (2023)
Upper Extremity Injury	2024 Lunar Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Contents Orion Medical Kit Validation Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Arm Fracture CliFF (2023) Elbow Dislocation CliFF Elbow Sprain CliFF EVA-Related Fingernail Delamination CliFF (2023) EVA-Related Hand Injury CliFF (2023) EVA-Related Shoulder Injury CliFF (2023) Finger Dislocation CliFF Finger Dislocation CliFF (2023) Fingernail Delamination (Secondary to EVA) CliFF Fracture Hand CliFF (2023) Shoulder Dislocation CliFF Shoulder Dislocation CliFF (2023) Shoulder Sprain/Strain CliFF Upper Extremity Sprain/Strain CliFF (2023) Upper Extremity Tendinopathy Enthesopathy (Bursitis/Over Use Injuries) CliFF (2023) Wrist Fracture CliFF Wrist Sprain/Strain CliFF
Urogenital Conditions	2024 Lunar ISS PRA EVA Model 2019 Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Orion Medical Kit Contents Orion Medical Kit Validation Training	Abnormal Uterine Bleeding CliFF Abnormal Uterine Bleeding CliFF (2023) Acute Prostatitis CliFF Acute Prostatitis ClIFF (2023) Glaucoma (Acute Angle Closure) CliFF (2023) Pregnancy CliFF (2023) Pregnancy Risk CliFF (2023) Urinary Incontinence (Space Adaptation) CliFF Urinary Incontinence (Space Adaptation) CliFF (2023) Urinary Retention (Space Adaptation) CliFF Urinary Retention (Space Adaptation) CliFF (2023) Urinary Tract Infection CliFF Urinary Tract Infection CliFF (2023) Vaginal Yeast Infection CliFF Vaginal Yeast Infection CliFF (2023)
Vision Changes	Cis Lunar Orbiter Docked PRA ISS – 180 days IMM (6-month PRA Update) ISS IMM PRA 2021 Update Medical Risk for Cis Lunar Orbiter Medical Risk for Five Cis-lunar Orbiter Missions Risk Assessment of ALS Ventilation for ISS and CCV Training	Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma CliFF Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrom (SANS) CliFF (2023) Visual Impairment and/or Increased Intracranial Pressure (VIIP) (Space Adaptation CLiFF

Keep Exploring

More Resources

Chief Health and Medical Officers Spaceflight Mishap Investigation Flight Surgeon Handbook

This handbook was developed as a quick reference tool for flight surgeons, occupational health physicians, and other support personnel across…

Decompression Sickness Prebreathe Reference Library

The following literature provides background and reference data related to Standards for decompression sickness, prebreathe protocols, probability models, EVA operations,…

Human Spaceflight Standards

The Human Spaceflight & Aviation Standards Team continually works with programs to provide the best standards and implementation documentation to…

Food in Space

Food is an essential requirement to sustaining life on and off Earth. However the development and supply of food for…

Suggested Searches

Featured

NASA’s Artemis II Crew Set to Receive Congressional Space Medal of Honor

NASA Sets Coverage for Roman Space Telescope Launch from Florida

What’s Up: August 2026 Skywatching Tips from NASA

Missions

Humans in Space

Earth

The Solar System

The Universe

Science

Aeronautics

Technology

Learning Resources

About NASA

NASA en Español

News & Events

Multimedia

Featured

NASA Sets Coverage for Roman Space Telescope Launch from Florida

NASA’s Pandora Mission Begins Study of Exoplanets, Host Stars

Galactic Gems Glisten in New Gallery From NASA’s Chandra

Highlights

Human-Related Microbes May Survive Moon’s South Pole, NASA Finds

NASA’s LRO Images Falcon 9 Crater on Moon, Learns New Details

NASA Will Attempt to Observe Rocket Part’s Lunar Impact

Highlights

Starstruck: NASA Research Shows How Sun’s Ancient History Shaped Earth

What Lake Bonneville Left Behind

Europe’s Scorching Summer

Highlights

Starstruck: NASA Research Shows How Sun’s Ancient History Shaped Earth

NASA Shares Views of August Solar Eclipse from Ground, Air, Space

Human-Related Microbes May Survive Moon’s South Pole, NASA Finds

Featured

NASA’s Pandora Mission Begins Study of Exoplanets, Host Stars

Galactic Gems Glisten in New Gallery From NASA’s Chandra

Hubble Solves Merger Mystery From Milky Way’s Early Years

Highlights

NASA’s Pandora Mission Begins Study of Exoplanets, Host Stars

Galactic Gems Glisten in New Gallery From NASA’s Chandra

Amendment 69: New Opportunity: D.9 Habitable Worlds Observatory Instrument Concept Assessments

Highlights

NASA Selects University Teams to Help Advance Aviation Research

NASA Student Aviation Challenge Focuses on Nation’s Infrastructure

NASA Glenn’s Legacy Forged Through Decades of Flight Research

Highlights

Amendment 69: New Opportunity: D.9 Habitable Worlds Observatory Instrument Concept Assessments

Lala Batters Hawaii

Chasing Fire Clouds in Utah

Featured

Launch Into a New School Year With NASA

Featured

NASA Establishes State Hubs to Grow Technical Aerospace Workforce

NASA’s Artemis II Crew Set to Receive Congressional Space Medal of Honor

The View from Above: The Gemini Visual Acuity Experiments

Highlights

La NASA anuncia la cobertura de la misión lunar Artemis II

Agenda diaria de la misión a la Luna de Artemis II de la NASA

La NASA refuerza Artemis: añade una misión y perfecciona su arquitectura general

Integrated Medical Model Runs

Low Earth Orbit

Lunar Orbit and Surface

Martian Orbit and Surface

Deep Space Exploration

All Documentation Per Condition

More Resources

Chief Health and Medical Officers Spaceflight Mishap Investigation Flight Surgeon Handbook

Decompression Sickness Prebreathe Reference Library

Human Spaceflight Standards

Food in Space