For the first 70 years of human flight, pilots used controls that connected directly to aircraft components through cables and pushrods. A partnership between NASA and Draper Laboratory in the 1970s resulted in the first plane flown digitally, where a computer collected all of the input from the pilot’s controls and then used that information to command aerodynamic surfaces. Today, so-called digital fly-by-wire systems are the norm in aviation.
Read more: http://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2011/t_5.html
Image credit: NASA