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A Seismic Journey

Season 1Episode 34Mar 2, 2018

Drew Feustel, NASA Astronaut, talks about his education in Geology and Seismology, his previous 2 shuttle missions, and his expectations before launching on March 21, 2018 for his first long-duration mission in space. HWHAP Episode 34.

 Expedition 55 Crew Member Drew Feustel of NASA

houston podcast episode 34 seismic journey drew feustel

“Houston We Have a Podcast” is the official podcast of the NASA Johnson Space Center, the home of human spaceflight, stationed in Houston, Texas. We bring space right to you! On this podcast, you’ll learn from some of the brightest minds of America’s space agency as they discuss topics in engineering, science, technology and more. You’ll hear firsthand from astronauts what it’s like to launch atop a rocket, live in space and re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere. And you’ll listen in to the more human side of space as our guests tell stories of behind-the-scenes moments never heard before.

Episode 34 features Drew Feustel, NASA Astronaut, who talks about his education in Geology and Seismology, his previous 2 shuttle missions, and his expectations expectations before launching on March 21, 2018 for his first long-duration mission in space. This episode was recorded on December 22, 2017.

Houston, we have a podcast

Transcript

Dan Huot (Host): Houston, We Have a Podcast. Welcome to the official podcast of the NASA Johnson Space Center, this is Episode 34, A Seismic Journey. I’m Dan Huot, I’m filling for Gary Jordan, and I will be your host today. If you’re new to the show, we bring in NASA experts, the scientists, the engineers, the astronauts, all to tell you everything about NASA. Today, we’re talking with Drew Feustel, who’s a U.S. astronaut, and he’s about to launch to the International Space Shuttle in March of 2018. We talked about his education in geology and seismology, some of his previous spaceflight experience, flying on the Hubble Space Telescope, and some of his expectations for his first long-duration stay in space aboard the space station. So with no further delay, let’s go lightspeed and jump right ahead to our talk with Dr. Drew Feustel. Enjoy!

Music & Radio Transmissions

Host:I mean just sitting there, so — you took quite a path, it almost seems like the way you became an astronaut, it was just this — this long line of dominos that all had to fall in place.

Drew Feustel:That’s exactly what I was thinking when I was talking about it, was that it’s dominos. You know? Or I like to think of it as like swiss cheese. They use swiss cheese analogy a lot of times for accidents chuckling, maybe that’s just an accident, when multiple pieces of swiss cheese, and if you line it up just right, one of the holes, you know, a series of the holes will line up so you get a straight path through, you know, all the pieces of cheese. And I think of my life sometimes that way, I think it’s true for everybody’s life, but you don’t always — you don’t always turn around to reflect on, you know, you could probably make the same analogy, you could go, how did I get from A to B, right? Maybe you have that same story.

Host:Well, I was sitting there thinking about, as you were talking, and I was literally tracing it back. So I ended up at NASA, I trace it back to a memory where my roommate and I were sitting around in college and we had no money, and we were like, let’s go get jobs!

Drew Feustel:Yeah laughing.

Host:Let’s go sign up for internships.

Drew Feustel:There you go!

Host:And that’s how I ended up getting an internship at NASA. So that’s how I kind of ended up here, but, I mean, walk us through kind of, because yours — yours goes a little bit further back than mine. I mean, you can trace your story all the way back to…

Drew Feustel:Great, great uncle…

Host:Pre 1900’s.

Drew Feustel:Yeah, 19, I think — my great uncle — so we’ll start with — the — Purdue will love this, because it starts with Purdue University, I think, I guess it does, but my great uncle attended Purdue and graduated in 1905. So I guess he started probably in like 1900 or 1901 and received an engineering degree in civil engineering. And when I was in my early 20’s, I was probably 19 or 20, I think my grandmother showed me an obituary about my uncle, my great uncle, who was a Purdue graduate, and he became, I like to think of him as like a titan in industry, but he was a public servant, worked in the utilities — for the utilities commission in I believe around the Chicago area, and then eventually in Indiana. He was a public servant, but he was quite prominent in his — in his arena, and when he passed away, there was, you know, people wrote obituaries about him, and the things that they said about him were really impressive to me, and these were the things that my grandmother gave me to read, and the stories that were told about him by the governor of Indiana, who was his close, personal friend, really struck me that this individual had achieved so many great things in his life, he died in his, I think it was his late 40’s, he was just really very successful as a public servant, and — and so many individuals who held prominent roles, you know, the president of Purdue University at the time, the governor of Indiana, these people were saying things about that really — really were impressionable to me, and inspired me to maybe model my, you know, my, not my career, but model myself after what I perceived him to be based on what others said about him.

Not that anybody should care necessarily about what people think of you, but, you know, public perception is important, and — and if you — it’s good to have role models, and this was a good role model for me, at least I felt it was. But that inspired me to, you know, create goals in my life that were very broad and advanced, and look for opportunities that I may not otherwise have been inspired to — to pursue.

Host:And so that was just kind of domino one, and then — so Purdue…

Drew Feustel:Purdue.

Host:Seems to be a central location for a lot of things that happened in your life. So you ended up going there.

Drew Feustel:Great, great PR for the school. They — my father and my uncle, my father and his brother, both were Purdue graduates in the 1960’s. And so while I was at community college, there was really no other option that I thought for myself, I thought, well, you know, Purdue has been in the family, it’s pretty prominent, and Purdue had, at that time, graduated 20-some astronauts, or individuals who eventually became astronauts, including…

Host:And you were already thinking astronaut at this point.

Drew Feustel:Well, I mean, you know, talking about Neil Armstrong, Gus Grissom, Gene Cernan, some of the greats, you know, there’s 20 of us, 24 of us now I believe, and I was already thinking, astronaut program, but I didn’t really know how it was going to work out. I mean, I went — I’m — I’m the only Purdue graduate who’s not an engineer. I’m a geoscientist, and I, you know, I didn’t really know, well, I didn’t know how I — how being at Purdue somehow made you an engineer, and, you know, it doesn’t, but it just so happens that a lot of Purdue grads had become, or a lot of astronauts are — are Purdue grads. So — so, yeah, I made the choice to come to Purdue and — and study geosciences, and I thought, at the time, I thought, well, if I’m a geoscientist or a geophysicist, I can eventually be an astronaut and look at mining resources on other planets, for example, or — or something along those lines, and that’s not what I’m doing now, but at least that’s the goal I had in mind at the time, when I was there.

But at Purdue, I met my wife, and my wife was from Canada, and that leads to another domino in this story, which is, you know, how is it that I finally made that connection to NASA? And my wife and I met at Purdue. We were married while we were there, and when she finished her degree, and I finished mine at the same time, we both finished our master’s degrees, she was interested in moving back to Canada, back to her home, and I was interested in doing something, in fact, if I hadn’t met my wife, my plan was to possibly join the Air Force, because I wanted to fly jets.

Host:Oh, okay.

Drew Feustel:You know, I grew up wanting to, you know, go fast, fly jets, whatever, but we met and I realized that maybe I wasn’t ready to run off to the military just yet, and maybe there were some other options. So I pursued a PhD in geophysics. And through my connections, my advisor at Purdue University, he suggested I go to Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and speak with an individual there who was working in mining seismology, underground mine — underground mining seismology, which is really the study of microearthquakes in — in mines, underground mines, to understand how the mine and the — the earth is reacting to removal of material during the mining process. So, I went to Queens with my wife, and within the first few months of being there, this was in 1991, I saw a TV program called W5, which is a lot like 60 Minutes, and — and the story was about the astronaut — the Canadian astronaut selection where Chris Hadfield, Julie Payette, Dave Williams where these individuals were all selected as astronauts.

And I was fascinated by that program, and I thought, that’s really cool. Those guys are doing the things that I want to do when I grow up. That was 1991. While we were in Canada, both of my boys were — were born, two children were born in Kingston, Ontario. I actually attained Canadian citizenship there in Canada, so I’m a dual citizen.

Host:Oh, wow!

Drew Feustel:My children are dual citizens because they were born in Canada to U.S. citizens. My wife is a dual citizen, because she was born in Nashville, Tennessee, and became a naturalized Canadian in the early 70’s. So we’re all a family of dual citizens, Canadian and U.S. And while we were there, I had a friend from Purdue University call me, a colleague of mine that I went to school with at Purdue, and he was, at the time, working for Exxon — Exxon Exploration Company, now Exxonmobil company, and he said, hey, Exxon’s looking for some people, are you interested in coming down for a job interview? I thought, well, that’s great, because the Johnson Space Center is right around the corner, and not only would this be a great opportunity with Exxon, but maybe, you know, maybe now there’s a chance for me to apply to the space program when I get down there.

Host:And, again, you’re — you’re still thinking astronaut.

Drew Feustel:I’m still thinking astronaut, but I was — I was, you know, I was pursuing the things that I really liked to do. I — I love geology, I love geoscience, I still read geoscience journals, you know, and periodicals and try to stay up on the current trends in the industry. I mean, I really like that stuff, and that was why I did it as a career, because I got something out of it. And I would still love to do that again, at some point in my life, you know, and when career number three comes around, maybe I’ll be, you know, back doing exploration, I don’t know what, as a geoscientist. But we came to Houston, and pause I attended a conference early on, once I got here, oil and gas conference, and one of the individuals who attended this conference, whose name I saw on the agenda, was a person, a geophysicist by the name of Rob — Rob — Rob Stewart. Rob Stewart, at the time, was working up in Calgary, and he was selected, as a Canadian astronaut, on that program that I saw in Canada in 1991.

He was one of the guys that was selected as a Canadian astronaut. And Rob, for personal reasons, was unable to accept that position, but he was selected. So he knew about the space program. He knew these individuals. Rob is now actually working, he’s the, I think he’s the chair of Geophysics at University of Houston, here, right here in town. So I see Rob occasionally, I’ve done a lot of work over the years together, related to NASA, and related to astronaut training, because we always have a component of astronaut training that’s centered around geology and geophysics. Every astronaut that comes into the program learns something about geology and geophysics because of the work that we did on the moon and because of what we believe we’ll do when we go back to the moon and eventually onto Mars. A lot of the work we will do is geotechnical in nature, and so that — we think that’s an important component of astronaut skillset. Anyways, that’s a — just a sidebar, but back to the story of I went to this conference, Rob Stewart was there, I talked to Rob Stewart, and I said, Rob, what can you tell me about the space program?

I’m just a guy who wants to be an astronaut at some point in my life, and he — he said, well, why don’t you come down to the Johnson Space Center with me tomorrow, because I’m going to go meet my friends who are still my friends that I met back in 1991, you know, six years before at this — when they were all selected. And so we had plans to do that, and on that day that we were supposed to go down, it was the same day, I believe, that one of the progress vehicles ran into the Mir Space Station, and so there was so much activity down here in Houston that the visit was called off. And so…

Host:It’s almost like you’ve had all of these fortuitous events, and now a setback.

Drew Feustel:A setback, yeah, and I was a little bit disappointed, you know, I thought, wow, that was my chance to go to the space center with — with Rob Stewart, and he was going to introduce me to all these people. And so Rob Stewart left, went back to Calgary, and a month or two later I called him in Calgary and said, you know, I’m still interested in that — in that — in meeting some of these people or learning more about it. What can you tell me? And he said, well, I can’t tell you much because I didn’t — I didn’t go there, right, I’m still here, I’m still a geoscientist, and I — and I made that decision. He said, so why don’t you just call somebody and talk to them? Just — I said, well, alright, I’ll — thanks for the suggestion and hung up the phone with Rob and then I just looked in the phone book and got…

Host:You just look up, astronaut?

Drew Feustel:I just looked up the phone number for Johnson Space Center, and I called the operator at Johnson Space Center, and I said, I would like to speak to Chris Hadfield, because he was the other name that I knew from watching this program in 1991, he was the other Canadian astronaut. And Rob said he knew him, so, you know, I figured, well, I can just call him and talk to him. And after being put on hold twice, going through the, you know, the different operators at the Johnson Space Center, finally Chris Hadfield picked up the phone and said, hi, this is Chris Hadfield. And I said, hi, Rob Stewart said I should call you! Laughter

Host:I just want to prepare you for random people calling in now, saying, I’d like to talk to Drew Feustel, I know Rob.

Drew Feustel:Yeah. Well, you know, in life, sometimes it’s about who you know and not necessarily what you know, you know, so that was — that was just a door, right, there was a doorknob that I just reached out and turned, and I think that’s important for people to realize. Like, you know, by not taking the opp — those opportunities, you guarantee that you’re not going to open a door, right? But if you take an opportunity, there’s a chance that you could open one door and all the doors behind it. And I think it’s a good lesson in life that, you know, you do have to step out there sometimes and take those risks. The only thing you can be assured of is that if you don’t take those risks, nothing’s going to happen, right? So there’s always those opportunities.

Host:The domino won’t fall if you don’t recognize that it’s there.

Drew Feustel:Yeah, exactly! You got to see it first to make it happen. So — so, anyways, that’s, you know, that’s kind of how all the pieces laid out and, you know, I met Chris, and we — we realized we had some common interests. I, you know, he plays guitar a lot more than I do, but I play guitar and — and we — we played music a lot together back then, and we were both avid water skiers, so we spent a lot of time on the water skiing and I, you know, through that friendship, which was really, you know, just really quite — I thought was a great relationship, we had a lot of fun doing different things, but I got exposed to a lot of people in the astronaut corp and NASA and what was going on down here, and I was — I like to think I was in the right place at the right time with the right competition to be selected in 2000 as an astronaut. And, you know, I — if I were competing now with the people who are being selected as astronauts, I would not be here.

You know, they’re just a lot of brilliant people that have shown up really after I got here, and it’s just amazing to see the caliber of folks that are coming in, but, again, the right place, the right time with the right competition allowed me to be here, but when I, you know, the story is pretty long, but you can link all the pieces together and — and realize that it comes all the way back to probably my great, great uncle, I can’t — great, great or great, I think he’s my great, great uncle, in the late — in the early 1900’s attending Purdue University, that was the start of all of those links in the chain that led me to, you know, being — being here where I am today, and, you know, between him, learning about him, and meeting my wife at Purdue University, those I think are the two really key pivotal things that happened in my life, and it’s — it’s amazing now to realize that there was just those — really those two things.

If those two things hadn’t existed, you know, I wouldn’t have the opportunities that I have now, and I — I wouldn’t have, I think, the opportunity to try to inspire somebody else, you know, to do those great things, and I hope that’s — I hope that’s a big component of, you know, the opportunities that we have, as astronauts, is that we do inspire people and we do allow people to reach out and make that step that they might not have taken have they not had somebody to — to model, you know, their lives, or something, or their decisions, or at least, you know, create that spark. I hope that’s what — the effect that we have on people.

Host:Well, like I said, be ready for those phone calls.

Drew Feustel:Yeah, those phone calls laughter. It’s fine! You know?

Host:Well, so, I do have one kind of fun question. So you said, you know, geology is still, you know, it’s definitely still a passion for you. If you could go practice geology anywhere in the universe, any planet, any asteroid, anything, what — what would you do? Where would you want to go?

Drew Feustel:Well, I don’t know if you’d want to send me, because I didn’t say I was a good geologist Dan laughing, I just said I like…

Host:Take all of the decision making process out of it, but you, Drew Feustel, we’re going to — we’re going to launch anywhere in the universe to go practice your craft, where would you want to go?

Drew Feustel:Well, everywhere and anywhere. But maybe not to get stuck there. You saw the movie, Interstellar, right?

Host:Mhm.

Drew Feustel:Kind of story about people who went out into places and ended up getting stuck there, and that’s — that’s not ideal, but I think it’s cool to think that you could go to different places, different planetary bodies, where there is geology to be discovered, new things that we don’t see on planet earth. I mean, in a practical — practically thinking, right, I think what we — what we need to do, as a space organization and as a — as a — as a world, really, as a world species, is to establish a presence on the moon, and our ability to live there permanently over, you know, a long duration, like really, no kidding, have a moon base that we can live on and do live on at all times, as species. And then develop the capability to go onto Mars, and it’s — those place — you know, humans were built to live on earth. It will be possible without assistance of life support systems to live on the moon and on Mars, but it’s important.

At some point in the history of humans, I think it’s highly likely that we will find an earth-like planetary body for us to live on. Now, you know, it might be 10,000 years from now, it might be, you know, another 4,000 years, I don’t know when it’s going to happen, but at some point, I think humans will, or human-like species will live and maybe will all evolve from here. We’ll live somewhere else out in the universe on something like earth, but, you know, earth is a pretty special place. And this is where humans were designed to live, and when we leave this planet, we will change, as a species, we — because our bodies change and adapt to the environment that they’re in. Naturally. Takes a long time, but we do! I mean, we see that with different people around the world, how the different climates affect, you know, what we’re like as a species around the planet, and that — the same thing will happen to us.

I mean, we just see, you know, for example, we go to space as astronauts. If we didn’t work out every single day, right, we — we would eventually lose all the muscles in our legs, right, the bones become brittle, because the body doesn’t need to put any nutrients there or fire those muscles, and if you don’t use them, so if you don’t use them, you’re going to lose them. So we have to be careful about the way we start to explore space and realize that as we become an interplanetary or interspace species, that we’ll — we’ll always be faced with the challenge of returning to earth in this one-gravity environment that we know here and being able to sustain that — those gravity loads and — and live here and walk here and exist here. It’s going it be interesting. I mean, I hopefully will have a way to observe what happens to the human species as we, you know, go off into the ether of — of life, but I just — I don’t know, I don’t know those answers.

Host:Well, we’re not sending you off into the ether yet laughter, we’re just going to send you to the International Space Station, so.

Drew Feustel:We’ll keep it down close to earth for now.

Host:We’ll keep it a little bit down, closer to earth for now, but, I mean, even this, this is going to be kind of a significant jump in spaceflight experience, because your previous two were much shorter missions, albeit, you know, very jam-packed, especially Hubble, which, by the way, Hubble, that was — when I came to NASA, that was the first mission that I really followed, because I came here as a student in the summer of 2009, and so that was the first time where like I — I knew everything that was going on with that mission, so that one’s always stood out in my mind. And that — I mean, that had to be a really special one for you, because that was your first flight.

Drew Feustel:Yeah, I mean, it was — it was great. I think everybody’s first flight is — is amazing. I would just — it’s pause — it was — it was really a unique opportunity to see Hubble, and I didn’t — I didn’t realize how unique it was until, you know, then we went to the Space Station and now Hubble continues to operate, I mean, but — but that’s what we do in the space program. I mean, before Hubble, there was, you know, it was SkyLab and Apollo-Soyuz, and, you know, Mir and Salyut, and, you know, the shuttle, Apollo, I mean, there was all those things, right, and they were all special and unique, and Hubble was one of those neat — neat aspects of space and space exploration that — that humans were a part of. So, you know, we — none of us think any mission is more special than the other, just Hubble was a really cool thing to be able to work on. I wish, you know, everybody could have had that same experience.

Because it was fun and it was busy and it was a different mission. But everything we do is different, you know, and I sometimes don’t even feel like I’ve really flown in space yet, until I, you know, having seen everybody go to the space station and be there for, you know, four or five or six months, you know, that’s living and working in space. And that’s what I’m looking forward to, is having that real longer-term experience. You know, shuttle missions are amazing, they’re jam-packed, and our space program wouldn’t be where it is right now if it weren’t for all the shuttle missions leading up to it and the short — short duration missions, but I’m looking forward to having the opportunity to living and working in space, and I feel like it’ll be really the, you know, really to — to fully experience that means you need to be there for more than two weeks, and so that’s what I’m looking forward to.

Host:You’re going to feel a little bit more like one of those future humans living out beyond the earth’s realm of influence probably.

Drew Feustel:I guess — I guess I’ll get to feel like I can — I can absorb it more personally instead of what I see in pictures. I mean, I have pictures from Hubble, I have pictures from Space Station, but, you know, they — those days pass so quickly that now hopefully I’ll have more of those experiences become part of, you know, part of my psyche, I’ll have more of those images, those — those things burned into my memory as opposed to having to remember what they were like by looking at a picture.

Host:It’s almost like you want on a short family vacation and now you’re actually going to go live overseas for…

Drew Feustel:Yeah, go live over there, that’s right. That’s where you get a job as a, you know, a surfing instructor in Hawaii instead of just visiting for two weeks and taking lessons, you know?

Host:And, I mean, I know when you guys are up there, so, you’re a bit of a gearhead, you know, you’re restoring cars and things of that nature, when you’re on the shuttle, I imagine you didn’t have a whole lot of opportunity to tinker and fix things, but with Space Station, you get to play pretty much space repairman. Has any of that got you kind of excited, to be able to take some of those things apart and put them back together?

Drew Feustel:You know, much of what we do in space is not by our choice. And I am excited about that, and I hope that the space station program takes advantage of the opportunity. You know, I’m not — I’m no Don Pettit, you know, Don can create a nuclear reactor while he’s up there, you know, a gyro stabilized platform, but I can fix things and I know my way around tools, and I hope we have a chance to do some of those things in space, that the program is going to take advantage of that, not that they don’t anyways, but, you know, maybe if there’s some things that we’ve been thinking about fixing for a long time, and had some stuff on the backburner, I’m happy to do the science, I’m excited to do the science, but, you know, you can only — you can only neglect things for so long. And I’m not — we don’t neglect anything on ISS, but there are probably projects we could get done that we just haven’t had the motivation to do before, and maybe this is a chance to take care of some of those mechanical things that we just haven’t had an opportunity in the past to take care of.

So, we’ll see! I’m sure there’ll be plenty to do. I’m not hoping that anything breaks, you know, you never want that, it’s always — it’s kind of like, yeah, you never want anything to break. You just want it to keep working, but if it does, we’re there, and I’m — I’m ready to — to help try to get things back — back in one piece if we can.

Host:Well, I know we’re about out of time with you. I did have one more of those fun, hypotheticals. So, you are, like I said, you are a bit of a gearhead. You’ve been taking apart cars since you were, what, like 13 or something?

Drew Feustel:Yeah.

Host:So, if you could have any spacecraft in history transported to your garage for you to take apart and put it back together, have fun with, which one would you pick?

Drew Feustel:Laughing Umm clears throat, that’s a great question, but I don’t know if I would want a spacecraft in my garage laughter to take apart and put back together. Mainly because I’m not a rocket scientist, and, you know, I’m not sure I’d know the first thing about building a — building a rocket. But, you know, what I’m looking forward to really is the next generation of spacecraft. I think what we’ve done in the past has been amazing, and the capabilities that we have achieved with the rockets we’ve built, you know, it’s gotten us to this point, and this is a very dynamic stage in human space exploration, human and robotic space exploration, and we, as humans, have only been exploring space for 50 years. You know, physically exploring space, and, to me, that’s just like at the infancy of the program. In 50 years, by any measure of institution or corporation or anything, or a life, is nothing.

And so, I think it’s really exciting right now that we are just at the beginning stages of — of how we explore and expand out into the universe, and it’s all happening like right now. I mean, it’s — we’re really starting to advance in our capabilities, and it’s not just NASA, but it’s the private corporations that are getting involved, and I think that’s important, and it’s amazing, and I think in our lifetimes, there are some — some great things to come and some — some fantastical things to see in terms of what we start learning about working and living in space.

Host:More dominos starting to fall.

Drew Feustel:More dominos, more — more great things to come.

Host:Alright.

Drew Feustel:Big time. Sorry we didn’t get to all your…

Host:No, no…

Drew Feustel:…questions. You got a lot of great information written down here.

Host:There’s a lot of stuff…

Drew Feustel:I don’t know who this is about, but whoever it is laughter has got some interesting things on their plate, yeah.

Host:Well, believe it or not, you’ve kind of done some cool stuff being an astronaut and all that, so.

Drew Feustel:I’ve had some great opportunities. You know, we all do. And — and that reflects on what I said at the beginning, was I hope that, you know, somehow we inspire the next generation, because, you know, I’m, to — to be honest, 17 years, going on 18 years in the program, you know, I’m kind of on the backend of my career here, and so I — I just, you know, you hope that you make a difference so that someone else can come along and continue on that — that process and — and just keep us moving forward.

Host:Alright.

Drew Feustel:Yeah.

Host:Thank you very much, Drew!

Drew Feustel:You’re welcome! My pleasure.

Music & Radio Transmissions

Host:Hey, thanks for sticking around! That was our time with Drew Feustel. If you want to follow him while he’s flying onboard the International Space Station, check him out on Twitter @astro_feustel. And, as always, you can follow the International Space Station by heading over to nasa.gov/iss, or on all of our different social media accounts, we’re all over the place, on Facebook, on Twitter, and on Instagram. And you can always use the hashtag, Ask NASA on your favorite platform to submit your idea and we might be able to make it into a podcast! This podcast was recorded on December 22nd, 2017, and thanks, as always, to Alex Perryman, John Stoll, Pat Ryan, and John Streeter, and, of course, Gary Jordan. And thanks again to Dr. Drew Feustel for coming on the show. We’ll be back next week!