Paul Lee

Affiliation– NASA Ames Research Center

Division– Human Systems Integration Division (TH)

Phone– 650-604-2011

Email– paul.u.lee@nasa.gov

Awards

(2022)  Best Paper Award, Best Paper in Technical Area, AIAA Aviation 2022 Forum. “Identifying Common Coordination Procedures across Extensible Traffic Management (xTM) to Integrate xTM Operations into the National Airspace System”

(2021)  Best Paper Award, Best Paper of Session, 40h Digital Avionics Systems Conference. “Modeling Relative Trajectory Costs for Airborne Trajectory Reroutes using Trajectory Option Sets”

(2021)  NASA Group Achievement Award, Increasingly Diverse Operations Team

(2020)  Ames Honor Award, Mentor

(2018)  NASA Honor Award, Outstanding Leadership Medal

(2015)  Best Paper Award, Best Paper of Session- “Exploring Management of Arrival Spacing Using Route Extensions with Terminal Spacing Tools”

(2015)  Best Paper Award, Best Paper of Track- “Reducing Departure Delays at LaGuardia Airport with Departure-Sensitive Arrival Spacing (DSAS) Operations”

(2014)  Best Paper Award, Best Paper/Emerging Technologies Tract- “Decision Support Tools for Climbing Departure Aircraft Through Arrival Airspace”

(2014)  Privately Sponsored, Best Paper in Session Award (Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2014): A Novel Application of the Terminal Sequencing and Spacing System to Converging Runway Operations in a Simulated NextGen Environment

(2013)  Best Paper Award, Best Paper Award, 32nd DASC – Human Interaction in ATC and in the Cockpit, “NextGen Operations in a Simulated NY Area Airspace”

(2010)  Privately Sponsored, Outstanding Technology Development Award, Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer, Far West Region, Multi-Aircraft Control System

(2009)  NASA Group Achievement Award, Integrated Testbed to Evaluate Concepts for Pilots, Controllers, and Automation Under Nominal and Off-Nominal Conditions

(2008)  Ames Honor Award, Trajectory Oriented Operations With Limited Delegation (TOOWilD)

(2007)  Privately Sponsored, Best Conference Paper Award – “New Air Traffic Management Concepts Analysis Methodology: Application to a Multi-Sector Planner in US Airspace”

(2007)  Privately Sponsored, 7th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar: Best Conference Paper Award in the ATM2007 conference – New Air Traffic management Concepts Analysis Methodology: Application to a Multi-Sector Planner in US Airspace

(2005)  NASA Group Achievement Award, Joint Ames/Langley Distributed Air/Ground-Traffic Management Simulation Team

(2005)  Privately Sponsored, 6th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar: Best Paper Award in Air-Ground Cooperation – Air and ground simulation of terminal-area FMS arrivals with airborne spacing and merging

(2005)  Privately Sponsored, 24th Digital Avionics Systems Conference Best Paper Award in Human Factors – Impact of Free Maneuvering Aircraft on Ground-Side Operations in Mixed Airspace

(2004)  Ames Honor Award, Ames/Langley Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Management Simulation Team

(2003)  Privately Sponsored, 5th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar: Best Paper Award in Air-Ground Cooperation – Free Maneuvering, Trajectory Negotiation, and Self-Spacing Concepts in Distributed Air-Ground Traffic Management

Publications

M. J. Korens, S. N. Gaulden, W. Wei, P. U. Lee, M. Xue, & J. P. Silva (2024) A Web-Based Negotiation Tool for Conflict Resolution in Upper Class E Traffic Management, AIAA AVIATION Forum and Exposition, Las Vegas, NV. 

V. Gujral, P. U. Lee, G. Costedoat, J. M. Feldman, L. Spirkovska, & C. M. Walter (2024) Development of a Safety Hazards Risk Assessment Tool for Uncrewed Aircraft System Traffic Management during Preflight Planning, 43rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference, San Diego, CA 

P. U. Lee, D. L. Bakowski, C. L. Brasil, & M. Evans (2024) Identification and Development of Coordination Procedures between Upper Class E Traffic Management (ETM) and Surrounding Air Traffic Operations, AIAA Aviation Forum and Exposition, Las Vegas, NV. 

D. L. Bakowski, P. U. Lee, M. Evans, & C. L. Brasil (2024) Identifying Information Needs and Tools to Support Interactions between Upper Class E Traffic Management (ETM) Operations and the Air Traffic System (ATS), 2024 AIAA AVIATION Forum, Las Vegas, NV. 

G. Costedoat, P. U. Lee, J. M. Feldman, V. Gujral, L. Spirkovska, & C. M. Walter (2024) Usability of an Updated Version of the Supplemental Data Service Provider, AIAA AVIATION Forum and Exposition, Las Vegas, NV. 

C. L. Brasil, H. Yoo, P. U. Lee, D. L. Bakowski, & M. Evans (2023) Roadmap to Cooperative Operating Practices for Strategic Conflict Detection and Resolution in the Upper Class-E Traffic Management Concept , In proceedings of the 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), Barcelona, Spain 

P. U. Lee, C. L. Brasil, D. L. Bakowski, C. V. Gabriel, M. Evans, & R. Chartrand (2022) Identifying Common Coordination Procedures across Extensible Traffic Management (xTM) to Integrate Operations into the National Airspace System, Proceedings of the AIAA Aviation Forum (2022–3910). Paper presented at AIAA Aviation 2022 Forum, Chicago, IL/Virtual, June 27–July 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3910

P. U. Lee, R. Chartrand, R. Oseguera-Lohr, C. L. Brasil, D. L. Bakowski, C. V. Gabriel, & M. Evans (2022) Identifying Common Use Cases across Extensible Traffic Management (xTM) for Interactions with Air Traffic Controllers, Proceedings of the AIAA SciTech Forum (2022–1785). Paper presented at AIAA SciTech 2022 Forum, San Diego, CA/Virtual, January 3–7, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1785 

D. L. Bakowski, P. U. Lee, C. L. Brasil, & M. Evans (2022) Integrating Upper Class E Traffic Management (ETM) Operations into the National Airspace System: Use Cases and Research Questions, Proceedings of the 2022 AIAA/IEEE 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). Paper presented at 2022 AIAA/IEEE 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), Portsmouth, VA, September 18–22, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC55683.2022.9925861 

T. E. Edwards, R. Seely, A. Katz, & P. U. Lee (2021) Behavioral Indicators in Air Traffic Control: Detecting and Preventing Performance Decline, 2021 International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Virtual Event 

P. U. Lee, C. L. Brasil, C. V. Gabriel, K. Garzon, N. J. Buckley, & S. N. Kalush (2021) Demonstration of​ Airline-Based Airborne Reroute Operations using Trajectory Option Sets and Third-Party Tools, In AIAA AVIATION Forum and Exposition. August 2-6, 2021, Virtual Event 

K. Garzon, P. U. Lee, & C. L. Brasil (2021) Modeling Relative Trajectory Costs for Airborne Trajectory Reroutes using Trajectory Option Sets, Proceedings of the 40th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). October 3-7, 2021, San Antonio, TX 

H. Yoo, T. Evans, D. S. Kulkarni, P. U. Lee, J. Li, M. Wei, & Y. X. Wang (2020) Benefit Assessment of the Integrated Demand Management Concept for Multiple New York Metroplex Airports, SciTech 2020

G. Hodell, C. L. Brasil, N. J. Buckley, C. V. Gabriel, H. Yoo, S. N. Kalush, N. M. Smith, & P. U. Lee (2020) Demonstrating Early-Adopter Benefits of Submitting Multiple Trajectory Options for Airlines, In AIAA AVIATION Forum and Exposition 

P. U. Lee, H. Idris, D. Helton, T. Davis, G. Lohr, & R. Oseguera-Lohr (2019) Integrated Trajectory-Based Operations for Traffic Flow Management in an Increasingly Diverse Future Air Traffic Operations, 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, San Diego, CA 

P. Glaab, F. Wieland, M. Santos, R. Sharma, R. Tamburro, & P. U. Lee (2019) Simulating Fleet Noise for Notional UAM Vehicles and Operations in New York, 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, San Diego, CA 

T. Evans, & P. U. Lee (2019) Using Machine-Learning to Dynamically Generate Operationally Acceptable Strategic Reroute Options, Thirteenth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar (ATM2019), Vienna, Austria 

T. E. Edwards, & P. U. Lee (2018) Designing graceful degradation into complex systems: The interaction between causes of degradation and the association with degradation prevention and recovery, 18th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Atlanta, GA 

G. Hodell, H. Yoo, C. L. Brasil, N. J. Buckley, C. V. Gabriel, S. N. Kalush, P. U. Lee, & N. M. Smith (2018) Evaluation of Multiple Flow Constrained Area Capacity Setting Methods for Collaborative Trajectory Options Program, In 37th IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) 

H. Yoo, C. L. Brasil, N. J. Buckley, G. Hodell, S. N. Kalush, P. U. Lee, & N. M. Smith (2018) Impact of Different Trajectory Option Set Participation Levels within an Air Traffic Management Collaborative Trajectory Option Program, In 18th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference

A. D. Evans, P. U. Lee, & B. Sridhar (2018) Predicting the Operational Acceptance of Airborne Flight Reroute Requests using Data Mining, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 96, pp 270-289 

H. Arneson, T. . Evans, D. S. Kulkarni, P. U. Lee, J. Li, & M. Wei (2018) Using an Automated Air Traffic Simulation Capability for a Parametric Study in Traffic Flow Management, Aviation 2018 

C. P. Mohlenbrink, B. K. Parke, H. Yoo, C. L. Brasil, N. J. Buckley, C. G. Speridakos, F. Muro, G. Hodell, P. U. Lee, & S. R. Smith (2017) Evaluation of Integrated Demand Management looking into Strategic & Tactical Flow Management, Proceedings of the USA & Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development (ATM2017), Seattle, Washington 

H. Yoo, N. J. Buckley, C. L. Brasil, C. P. Mohlenbrink, C. G. Speridakos, G. Hodell, P. U. Lee, & N. M. Smith (2017) Integrated Demand Management: Minimizing Unanticipated Excessive Departure Delay while Ensuring Fairness from a Traffic Management Initiative, Proceedings of the 17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. Denver, CO. 

T. Evans, & P. U. Lee (2017) Predicting the Operational Acceptance of Route Advisories, AIAA Aviation 2017 

T. E. Edwards, & P. U. Lee (2017) Towards Designing Graceful Degradation into Trajectory Based Operations: A Human-Machine System Integration Approach, In 17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (p. 4487) 

P. U. Lee, N. M. Smith, N. Bienert, C. L. Brasil, N. J. Buckley, E. Chevalley, J. R. Homola, F. G. Omar, B. K. Parke, & H. Yoo (2016) A Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of a Coordinated Arrival/Departure Scheduling Operation for Reducing Departure Delays at LaGuardia Airport, 16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Washington D. C. 

P. Glaab, R. Tamburro, & P. U. Lee (2016) Analysis of the Capacity Potential of Current Day and Novel Configurations for New York’s John F. Kennedy Airport, 16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Washington D. C. 

T. Evans, & P. U. Lee (2016) Analyzing Double Delays at Newark Liberty International Airport, Proceedings from AIAA Aviation 2016 

N. M. Smith, C. L. Brasil, P. U. Lee, N. J. Buckley, C. V. Gabriel, C. P. Mohlenbrink, F. G. Omar, B. K. Parke, C. G. Speridakos, & H. Yoo (2016) Integrated demand management: Coordinating strategic and tactical flow scheduling operations, In 16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, p. 4221. Washington, D.C. 

B. K. Parke, C. P. Mohlenbrink, C. L. Brasil, C. G. Speridakos, H. Yoo, F. G. Omar, N. J. Buckley, C. V. Gabriel, A. Belfield, P. U. Lee, & N. M. Smith (2016) Reducing Departure Delays for Adjacent Center Airports using Time- Based Flow Management Scheduler: Checkbox ON or OFF?, 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2016. September 25-30, Sacramento, CA 

H. Yoo, C. P. Mohlenbrink, C. L. Brasil, N. J. Buckley, A. Globus, N. M. Smith, & P. U. Lee (2016) Required time of arrival as a control mechanism to mitigate uncertainty in arrival traffic demand management, In Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th (pp. 1-9). IEEE 

H. Yoo, P. U. Lee, & S. J. Landry (2015) Detection of Operator Performance Breakdown as an Automation Triggering Mechanism, In Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34rd

B. K. Parke, N. Bienert, E. Chevalley, F. G. Omar, N. J. Buckley, C. L. Brasil, H. Yoo, A. R. Borade, C. V. Gabriel, P. U. Lee, J. R. Homola, & N. M. Smith (2015) Exploring Management of Arrival Spacing Using Route Extensions with Terminal Spacing Tools, Proceedings of the 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Prague, Czech Republic: IEEE 

P. U. Lee, N. M. Smith, J. R. Homola, C. L. Brasil, N. J. Buckley, C. D. Cabrall, E. Chevalley, B. K. Parke, & H. Yoo (2015) Reducing Departure Delays at LaGuardia Airport with Departure-Sensitive Arrival Spacing (DSAS) Operations, Eleventh USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, ATM2015 (Paper 535), EUROCONTROL/FAA. Lisbon, Portugal 

B. K. Parke, E. Chevalley, N. Bienert, P. U. Lee, K. M. Gonter, F. G. Omar, J. M. Kraut, H. Yoo, A. R. Borade, C. V. Gabriel, D. Rein-Weston, & E. A. Palmer (2015) The Effectiveness of a Route Crossing Tool in a Simulated New York Airspace, Eleventh USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, ATM2015 (Paper 470), EUROCONTROL/FAA. Lisbon, Portugal

J. R. Homola, P. U. Lee, W. Hall, & N. M. Smith (2014) A Novel Application of the Terminal Sequencing and Spacing System to Converging Runway Operations in a Simulated NextGen Environment, Proceedings of the Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), Colorado Springs, CO 

T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, J. R. Homola, L. H. Martin, C. L. Brasil, & C. D. Cabrall (2014) An Overview of Current Capabilities and Research Activities in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at NASA Ames Research Center, AIAA 2014-2860 , 14th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Atlanta GA, June 2014 

T. Prevot, T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, J. R. Homola, L. H. Martin, C. L. Brasil, & C. D. Cabrall (2014) An Overview of Current Capabilities and Research Activities in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at NASA Ames Research Center, Proceedings of the AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, June 16-20, 2014, Atlanta, GA 

B. K. Parke, E. Chevalley, P. U. Lee, F. G. Omar, H. Lee, J. M. Kraut, K. M. Gonter, A. R. Borade, C. V. Gabriel, N. Bienert, C. Lin, H. Yoo, & E. A. Palmer (2014) Coordination between sectors in shared airspace operations, Proceedings of the 33rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Colorado Springs, CO: IEEE 

E. Chevalley, B. K. Parke, P. U. Lee, F. G. Omar, H. Yoo, J. M. Kraut, D. Rein-Weston, N. Bienert, C. Lin, K. M. Gonter, & E. A. Palmer (2014) Decision support tools for climbing departure aircraft through arrival airspace, Proceedings of the 33rd Digital Avionics System Conference, Colorado Springs, CO: IEEE

D. Rein-Weston, R. H. Jacoby, E. Chevalley, A. Globus, H. Yoo, B. K. Parke, P. U. Lee, F. G. Omar, J. M. Kraut, N. Bienert, A. R. Borade, C. V. Gabriel, K. M. Gonter, & E. A. Palmer (2014) Development of a route crossing tool for shared airspace environments, Proceedings of the 33rd Digital Avionics System Conference, Colorado Springs, CO: IEEE 

R. Mogford, P. U. Lee, B. Preston, W. W. Bridges, D. N. Peknik, & V. Gujral (2014) Generic Airspace Research Phase 5 Report, NASA Technical Memorandum ARC-E-DAA-TN4490 

H. Yoo, P. U. Lee, & E. A. Palmer (2014) Improving departure throughput by dynamically adjusting inter-arrival spacing, In Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 2014 IEEE/AIAA 33rd (pp. 1A4-1). IEEE

P. U. Lee, R. Mogford, W. W. Bridges, N. J. Buckley, M. Evans, V. Gujral, H. Lee, D. N. Peknik, & B. Preston (2013) An Evaluation of Operational Airspace Sectorization Integrated System (OASIS) Advisory Tool, Submitted for approval to Proceedings of the AIAA Aviation 2013 Conference, Los Angeles, CA 

A. Huang, A. Trapani, S. Timar, D. Howell, D. Slocum, J. Poage, & P. U. Lee (2013) Benefits Analysis of NASA Terminal Arrival Spacing and Scheduling Tools, Proceedings of the AIAA Aviation 2013 Conference, Los Angeles, CA 

R. Mogford, W. W. Bridges, V. Gujral, P. U. Lee, & B. Preston (2013) Generic Airspace Survey, Proceedings of the AIAA Aviation 2013 Conference, Los Angeles, CA 

N. M. Smith, B. K. Parke, P. U. Lee, J. R. Homola, C. L. Brasil, N. J. Buckley, C. D. Cabrall, E. Chevalley, C. Lin, S. E. Morey, F. G. Omar, D. . Rein-Weston, & H. Yoo (2013) NextGen Operations in a Simulated NY Area Airspace, 32nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Syracuse, NY 

E. Chevalley, B. K. Parke, P. U. Lee, F. G. Omar, H. Lee, N. Bienert, J. M. Kraut, & E. A. Palmer (2013) Scheduling and separating Departures crossing arrival flows in shared airspace, Proceedings of the 32nd the Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Syracuse, NY 

J. R. Homola, P. U. Lee, H. Lee, C. L. Brasil, S. Gregg, M. J. Mainini, L. H. Martin, C. D. Cabrall, & J. Mercer (2012) Design and Evaluation of a Corridors-in-the-sky Concept: The Benefits and Feasibility of Adding Highly Structured Routes to a Mixed Equipage Environment, AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, 13-16 August 2012, Minneapolis, Minnesota 

P. U. Lee, & T. Prevot (2012) Prediction of Traffic Complexity and Controller Workload in Mixed Equipage NextGen Environments, 56th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Boston, MA. October 

S. Gregg, L. H. Martin, J. R. Homola, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, C. L. Brasil, C. D. Cabrall, & H. Lee (2012) Shifts in Air Traffic Controllers’ Situation Awareness during High Altitude Mixed Equipage Operations, 56th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Boston, MA. October 

N. M. Smith, C. L. Brasil, J. R. Homola, A. M. Kessell, P. U. Lee, M. J. Mainini, & J. Mercer (2011) A Human-in-the-Loop Evaluation of Flow-Based Trajectory Management in Mixed Equipage Airspace, Ninth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, ATM2011 (Paper 132), EUROCONTROL/FAA. Berlin, Germany, June 2011 

P. U. Lee, C. L. Brasil, J. R. Homola, A. M. Kessell, M. J. Mainini, & T. Prevot (2011) Benefits and Feasibility of the Flexible Airspace Management Concept: A Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of Roles, Procedures, and Tools, Ninth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, ATM2011 (Paper 132), EUROCONTROL/FAA. Berlin, Germany, June 2011 

M. J. Mainini, P. U. Lee, J. R. Homola, & H. Lee (2011) Flexible Airspace Management Operator Roles, Task Distribution, and Coordination Mechanisms, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV 

J. R. Homola, P. U. Lee, C. L. Brasil, H. Lee, & M. J. Mainini (2011) Human-in-the-Loop Investigation of Airspace Design, Proceedings of AIAA Guidance Navigation and Control Conference 2011, Portland, Oregon

P. U. Lee, K. Bender, D. Pagan, & K. Carr (2011) Identifying Functional Requirements for Flexible Airspace Management Concept using Human-in-the-loop Simulations, 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Seattle, WA 

H. Lee, P. U. Lee, J. Jung, & C. Lai (2011) Investigation of Selection Criteria of Airspace Design Algorithms for Flexible Airspace Management Concept, 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), Seattle, WA 

C. L. Brasil, P. U. Lee, M. J. Mainini, J. R. Homola, T. Prevot, & N. M. Smith (2011) Trajectory Assessment and Modification Tools for Next Generation Air Traffic Management Operations, In Proceedings of the 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Seattle, WA 

T. Prevot, & P. U. Lee (2011) Trajectory-Based Complexity (TBX): a Modified Aircraft Count to Predict Sector Complexity during Trajectory-Based Operations, 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) Seattle, WA, October 16 – 20, 2011 

J. R. Homola, P. U. Lee, T. Prevot, A. M. Kessell, C. L. Brasil, & N. M. Smith (2010) A Human-in-the-Loop Exploration of the Dynamic Airspace Configuration Concept, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Toronto, Canada 

N. M. Smith, P. U. Lee, T. Prevot, A. M. Kessell, & J. R. Homola (2010) A Human-in-the-Loop Investigation of Multi-Sector Planning Operations in the NextGen Mid-Term Timeframe, 10th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Dallas Fort-Worth, TX 

J. Y. Jung, P. U. Lee, A. M. Kessell, J. R. Homola, & S. Zelinski (2010) Effect of Dynamic Sector Boundary Changes on Air Traffic Controllers, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Toronto, Canada 

A. M. Kessell, P. U. Lee, & N. M. Smith (2010) Ground-Ground Data Communication-Assisted Verbal Communication for Multi-Sector Air Traffic Management, Proceedings of the 29th European Association for Aviation Psychology Conference, Budapest, Hungary. 

T. Prevot, P. U. Lee, T. J. Callantine, J. Mercer, J. R. Homola, N. M. Smith, & E. A. Palmer (2010) Human-In-the-Loop Evaluation of NextGen Concepts in the Airspace Operations Laboratory, AIAA-2010-7609 AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 

P. U. Lee, T. B. Sheridan, J. Poage, L. H. Martin, C. D. Cabrall, & K. K. Jobe (2010) Identification and characterization of key human performance issues and research in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), (NASA Contractor Report – 216390). Moffett Field, CA: NASA Ames Research Center 

P. U. Lee, T. Prevot, J. R. Homola, A. M. Kessell, C. L. Brasil, & N. M. Smith (2010) Impact of Airspace Reconfiguration on Controller Workload and Task Performance, 3rd Int. Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, Miami, FL 

P. U. Lee, N. M. Smith, T. Prevot, & J. R. Homola (2010) Managing Demand and Capacity using Multi-Sector Planning and Flexible Airspace: Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of NextGen, International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences Congress, Nice, France 

L. H. Martin, C. D. Cabrall, P. U. Lee, & K. K. Jobe (2010) Potential human factors issues in NextGen ATC concepts, Proceedings of the 3rd AFHE International Conference, Miami, FL, July, 2010 

P. U. Lee, T. Prevot, J. R. Homola, A. M. Kessell, & N. M. Smith (2010) Sector Design and Boundary Change Considerations for Flexible Airspace Management, 10th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Dallas Fort-Worth, TX 

C. D. Cabrall, L. H. Martin, P. U. Lee, & K. K. Jobe (2009) Exploration of human factors issues within a future separation assurance concept, Proceedings of the 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Orlando, FL 

P. Kopardekar, P. U. Lee, T. Prevot, N. M. Smith, J. Mercer, J. R. Homola, M. J. Mainini, K. Lee, & A. Aweiss (2009) Feasibility of Mixed Equipage Operations in the Same Airspace, ATC Quarterly 

P. Kopardekar, P. U. Lee, N. M. Smith, K. Lee, T. Prevot, J. Mercer, J. R. Homola, M. J. Mainini, & A. Aweiss (2009) Feasibility of Mixed Equipage Operations in the Same Airspace, Proceedings of the 8th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, Napa, CA 

N. A. Doble, R. Hoffman, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, B. F. Gore, N. M. Smith, & K. Lee (2008) Current Airspace Configuration Practices and Their Implications for Future Airspace Concepts, The 26th Congress of International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS), 14 – 19 September 2008, Anchorage, Alaska 

P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, B. F. Gore, N. M. Smith, K. Lee, & R. Hoffman (2008) Examining Airspace Structural Components and Configuration Practices for Dynamic Airspace Configuration, AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit AIAA 2008-7228, 18 – 21 August 2008, Honolulu, Hawaii 

P. U. Lee, & J. Mercer (2008) Examining the Shift in Controller Task Distribution as an Indicator of Workload, 52nd Annual Meeting of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, New York, NY 

T. Prevot, T. J. Callantine, J. R. Homola, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, E. A. Palmer, & N. M. Smith (2007) Air/Ground Simulation of Trajectory-Oriented Operations with Limited Delegation, (2007) Proceedings of the 7th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, Barcelona, Spain. 

P. M. Moertl, E. K. Beaton, P. U. Lee, V. Battiste, & N. M. Smith (2007) An Operational Concept and Evaluation of Airline Based En Route Sequencing and Spacing, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Conference and Exhibit, AIAA-2007-6552. Hilton Head, SC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 

T. J. Callantine, T. Prevot, J. R. Homola, P. U. Lee, & J. Mercer (2007) Effective Utilization of Air- and Ground-Based Technologies for Arrival Management, AIAA 7th Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference, AIAA-2007-7768. Belfast, Northern Ireland: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 

T. Prevot, T. J. Callantine, J. R. Homola, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, E. A. Palmer, & N. M. Smith (2007) Effects of Automated Arrival Management, Airborne Spacing, Controller Tools, and Data Link,, (2007)AIAA-2007-6554, AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit, Hilton Head, South Carolina 

P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, & T. J. Callantine (2007) Examining the Moderating Effect of Workload on Controller Task Distribution, HCII2007: 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Beijing, China 

K. Corker, D. Liang, P. U. Lee, & T. Prevot (2007) New Air Traffic Management Concepts Analysis Methodology: Application to a Multi-Sector Planner in US Airspace, Proceedings of the 7th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, Barcelona, Spain. 

P. U. Lee, K. Corker, N. M. Smith, T. Prevot, L. H. Martin, J. Mercer, J. R. Homola, & E. Guneratne (2006) A Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of Two Multi-Sector Planner Concepts: Multi-D and Area Flow Manager, Proceedings of the 25th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Portland, OR 

T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, T. Prevot, & E. A. Palmer (2006) Air and ground simulation of terminal-area FMS arrivals with airborne spacing and merging, Air Traffic Control Quarterly, 14(1), 47-67

L. H. Martin, T. Prevot, P. U. Lee, K. Corker, E. Guteratne, & N. M. Smith (2006) Feasibility of an Air Traffic Control Multi Sector Planner Position from a User’s Perspective, Proceedings of the 27th EAAP Jubilee Conference, Potsdam, Germany 

T. Prevot, N. M. Smith, E. A. Palmer, J. Mercer, P. U. Lee, J. R. Homola, & T. J. Callantine (2006) The Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) at NASA Ames Research Center, AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies (MST) Conference and Exhibit, Keystone, CO: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

T. Prevot, P. U. Lee, L. H. Martin, J. Mercer, E. A. Palmer, & N. M. Smith (2006) Tools for Trajectory-Based Air Traffic Control and Multi Sector Planning, HCI-Aero 2006, Seattle, WA, September 2006 

P. U. Lee (2005) A Non-Linear Relationship between Controller Workload and Traffic Count, 49th Annual Meeting of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Orlando, FL 

P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, N. M. Smith, & E. A. Palmer (2005) A Non-Linear Relationship between Controller Workload, Task Load, and Traffic Density: The Straw that Broke the Camel’s Back, Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Oklahoma City, OK 

T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, T. Prevot, & E. A. Palmer (2005) Air and Ground Simulation of Terminal-Area FMS Arrivals with Airborne Spacing and Merging, Proceedings of the 6th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, Baltimore, MD 

T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, T. Prevot, & E. A. Palmer (2005) Air and Ground Simulation of Terminal-Area Traffic Management with Airborne Spacing, SAE World Aerospace Congress, 2005-01-3384

J. Mercer, T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, T. Prevot, & E. A. Palmer (2005) An Evaluation of Airborne Spacing in the Terminal Area, Proceedings of the 24th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Washington D.C., USA. 

T. Prevot, & P. U. Lee (2005) ATC Technologies for Controller-Managed and Autonomous Flight Operations, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. 15-18 August 2005. San Francisco, California 

T. Prevot, T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, & J. Mercer (2005) Co-Opeartive Air Traffic Management: Concept and Transition, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. 15-18 August 2005, San Francisco, California 

T. Prevot, T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, V. Battiste, W. W. Johnson, E. A. Palmer, & N. M. Smith (2005) Co-Operative Air Traffic Management: A Technology Enabled Concept for the Next Generation Air Transportation System, 5th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar. Baltimore, MD 

P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, N. M. Smith, & E. A. Palmer (2005) Ground-side Perspective on Mixed Operations with Self-separating and Controller-managed Aircraft, Proceedings of the 6th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, Baltimore, MD 

V. Battiste, E. A. Palmer, W. W. Johnson, N. M. Smith, T. Prevot, J. Mercer, S. Granada, N. H. Johnson, Q. Dao, & P. U. Lee (2005) Human Centered Decision Support Tools for Arrival Merging and Spacing, Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Oklahoma City, OK 

P. U. Lee, T. Prevot, J. Mercer, N. M. Smith, & E. A. Palmer (2005) Impact of Free Maneuvering Aircraft on Ground-Side Operations in Mixed Airspace, Proceedings of the 24th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, (IEEE Catalog No. 05CH37708C). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE 

T. Prevot, V. Battiste, T. J. Callantine, P. Kopardekar, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, E. A. Palmer, & N. M. Smith (2005) Integrated Air/Ground System: Trajectory-Oriented Air Traffic Operations, Data Link Communication, and Airborne Separation Assistance. 

T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, T. Prevot, & E. A. Palmer (2005) Terminal-Area Traffic Management with Airborne Spacing, AIAA 5th Aviation Technology, Integration and Operations (ATIO) Conference, AIAA-2005-7403 

P. U. Lee (2005) Understanding Human-Human Collaboration to Guide Human-Computer Interaction Design in Air Traffic Control, IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Hawaii, HI 

N. M. Smith, P. U. Lee, T. Prevot, J. Mercer, E. A. Palmer, V. Battiste, & W. W. Johnson (2004) A Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of Air-Ground Trajectory Negotiation, AIAA 4th Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Forum, Chicago, Illinois 

P. U. Lee, N. M. Smith, V. Battiste, W. W. Johnson, J. Mercer, E. A. Palmer, & T. Prevot (2004) Trajectory Negotiation via Data Link: Evaluation of Human-in-the-loop Simulation, HCI-Aero 2004: International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in Aeronautics, Toulouse, France 

T. Prevot, S. G. Sheldon, E. A. Palmer, W. W. Johnson, V. Battiste, N. M. Smith, T. J. Callantine, P. U. Lee, & J. Mercer (2003) Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Managemnet Simulation: Results, Progress and Plans, AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, Austin TX 

P. U. Lee, J. Mercer, L. H. Martin, T. Prevot, S. Shelden, S. Verma, N. M. Smith, V. Battiste, W. W. Johnson, R. Mogford, & E. A. Palmer (2003) Free Maneuvering, Trajectory Negotiation, and Self-Spacing Concepts in Distributed Air-Ground Traffic Management, Proceedings of the 5th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, Air-Ground Cooperation Track, Budapest, Hungary 

T. Prevot, P. U. Lee, & T. J. Callantine (2003) Trajectory-Oriented Time-Based Arrival Operations: Results and Recommendations, 2th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, Air-Ground Cooperation Track, Budapest, Hungary