Turbulence Resolving Simulations–Instantaneous Surface Friction Comparisons

Instantaneous surface friction comparisons between three independent simulation techniques. This image shows how the WMLES method achieves its accuracy by explicitly resolving the boundary layer turbulence everywhere on the geometry, including regions of attached flows (such as on the fuselage). It does so by employing non-dissipation numerical discretizations and very high stream and spanwise resolution in comparison to other methods, such as Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes and Large Eddy Simulation (HRLES) and RANS.

Image Credit: NASA/Ames, Aditya Ghate