Leland Stone

Affiliation– NASA Ames Research Center

Division– Human Systems Integration Division (TH)

Phone– 650-604-3240

Email– leland.s.stone@nasa.gov

Mail Stop– 262-2

Awards

(2022)  Ames Honor Award, Scientist or Researcher

(2020)  Ames Technology Transfer Award, Patent for Comprehensive Oculomotor Behavioral Response Assessment System (COBRA)

(2020)  Ames Technology Transfer Award, Patent for Oculometric Assessment of Sensorimotor Impairment

(2017)  Ames Technology Award, Patent Award- Comprehensive Oculomotor Behavioral Response Assessment (COBRA)

(2012)  NASA Group Achievement Award, 20G Centrifuge Operation Team

(2012)  Ames Honor Award, Diversity and Opportunity

(2009)  NASA Space Flight Awareness Award, Centrifuge Vibration Team

(2009)  Privately Sponsored, National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) Award

(2007)  NASA Group Achievement Award, Human Factors Systems Integration Group (SIG)

Publications

A. Valinia, D. Folta, K. Hughes, N. Hatten, A. H. Vera, L. S. Stone, M. E. Parisi, K. R. McTigue, & T. L. Panontin (2023) Risk Trade-space Analysis for Safe Human Expeditions to Mars, Acta Astronautica, 211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.05.039 

K. R. Dolick, J. T. Somers, N. J. Newby, T. M. Reiber, B. D. Adelstein, & L. S. Stone (2022) Lunar Transport Vehicle Occupant Protection Requirements, NASA/TM 20220011974 

T. L. Tyson, N. H. Feick, P. Cravalho, E. E. Flynn-Evans, & L. S. Stone (2021) Dose‐dependent sensorimotor impairment in human ocular tracking after acute low‐dose alcohol administration, The Journal of Physiology, 599(4), pp.1225-1242 

L. S. Stone, T. L. Tyson, P. Cravalho, N. H. Feick, & E. E. Flynn-Evans (2019) Distinct Pattern of Oculomotor Impairment Associated with Acute Sleep Loss and Circadian Misalignment, J. Physiology, 2019; 0:1-18 

T. L. Tyson, N. H. Feick, P. Cravalho, T. Tran, E. E. Flynn-Evans, & L. S. Stone (2018) Increased dependence on saccades for ocular tracking with low-dose alcohol, In proceedings of Neuroscience 2018 conference, San Diego, November 3-7, 2018. 

L. Arsintescu, K. H. Kato, P. Cravalho, N. H. Feick, L. S. Stone, & E. E. Flynn-Evans (2017) Validation of a touchscreen psychomotor vigilance task. Accident Analysis & Prevention, Accid Anal Prev. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.041 

A. Godinez, D. B. Liston, R. Ayzenberg, W. B. Toscano, P. S. Cowings, & L. S. Stone (2014) G-loading and vibration effects on heart and respiration rates, Aviation Space Environmental Medicine, 85, 1-5 

D. B. Liston, B. D. Adelstein, & L. S. Stone (2014) Onset of positional vertigo during exposure to combined G-loading and chest-to-spine vibration, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 85(2):183-186. 

D. B. Liston, A. E. Krukowski, & L. S. Stone (2013) Saccade detection during smooth tracking, Displays 34 (2013) 171-176 

D. B. Liston, & L. S. Stone (2013) Saccadic brightness decisions do not use a difference model, Journal of Vision (2013) 13(8):1, 1-10 

D. J. Kalar, D. B. Liston, B. D. Adelstein, & L. S. Stone (2013) Shared positional noise in manual reaching and saccadic eye movements, Abstracts of the Vision Sciences Society, 13th Annual Meeting, Naples, FL, May 10-15, 56.524 

D. B. Liston, B. D. Adelstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2011) New method for quantifying human high-frequency linear and rotational VOR during launch-relevant conditions, Journal Of Vestibular Research, 21(2), 84 (abstract) 

R. S. McCann, U. Ravinder, M. Godfroy, M. Hayashi, L. S. Stone, & R. Hersheid (2010) Simulating Variability in Task Completion Times with a Human Performance Model: An Oculomotor Approach, HRP/SHFE report September 30th 2010 

B. D. Adelstein, B. R. Beutter, M. K. Kaiser, R. S. McCann, L. S. Stone, & M. R. Anderson (2009) Effects of Transverse Seat Vibration on Near-Viewing Readability of Alphanumeric Symbology, NASA Technical Memorandum 2009-215385 

B. D. Adelstein, B. R. Beutter, M. K. Kaiser, R. S. McCann, L. S. Stone, & M. R. Anderson (2009) Influence of Combined Whole-Body Vibration Plus G-Loading on Visual Performance, NASA/TM 2009-215386

L. S. Stone, B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & D. B. Liston (2009) Perception and Eye Movements, In: Squire LR (ed.) Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, volume 7, pp. 503-511. Oxford: Academic Press 

D. B. Liston, & L. S. Stone (2008) Effects of prior information and reward on oculomotor and perceptual choices, The Journal of Neuroscience. 28:13866-13875 

U. Ravinder, R. S. McCann, B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & V. A. Huemer (2007) Development of a Human Performance Modeling tool for User Interface Evaluation in Next Generation Spacecraft: An Empirical Approach, Ravinder, U., McCann, R. S., Beutter, B., Stone, L., & Huemer, V. (2007, October). Development of a Human Performance Modeling tool for User Interface Evaluation in Next Generation Spacecraft: An Empirical Approach. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE SMC 07), Montreal, Canada. 

L. Li, B. T. Sweet, & L. S. Stone (2006) Humans can perceive heading without visual, Journal of Vision (2006) 6, 874-881. 

B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2005) Validating Oculometric Technologies as Human-System Evaluation Tools. 

B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2004) Classification images reveal that saccades and perception use similar shape information in a visual search task, Journal of Vision, 4(8), 672a 

B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2004) Saccadic and perceptual classification images have similar receptive field shapes in a contrast-discrimination, visual search task, European Conference on Visual Perception 

A. E. Krukowski, K. A. Pirog, B. R. Beutter, K. Brooks, & L. S. Stone (2003) Human discrimination of visual direction of motion with and without smooth pursuit eye movements, Journal of Vision, V3, N11, Pages 831-840 

B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2003) Oculometric Monitoring of Human Perceptual Performance in Search and Tracking Tasks, Human Performance 2003, Houston, TX 

B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2003) Saccadic and perceptual performance in visual search tasks, Contrast detection and discrimination, Journal of the Optical Society of America 

B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2003) Similar Saccadic and Perceptual Accuracies in Visual Search for Oriented Gabors, The International Workshop on Visual Attention, San Miniato, Italy 

R. Murray, B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2003) The relationship between saccadic and perceptual performance in visual search tasks, Letter discrimination, Journal of the Optical Society of America 

A. E. Krukowski, K. A. Pirog, B. R. Beutter, K. Brooks, & L. S. Stone (2003) Visual direction discrimination with and without smooth pursuit, Annual Conference of the Neural Control of Movement Society 

A. E. Krukowski, D. R. Begault, E. M. Wenzel, & L. S. Stone (2002) Human smooth pursuit eye movement responses to visual, auditory, and imagined target motion, The Society for the Neural Control of Movement Twelfth Annual Meeting, Naples, Florida (poster) 404.15. 

B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2002) Oculometrics: Validating a new technology for non-intrusive monitoring of human performance, Proceedings of NASA’s Space Human Factors conference 

B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2002) Saccadic and perceptual accuracies in a visual-search detection task are similar over a wide range of external noise levels, Journal of Vision, 2(7), 543a 

R. Murray, B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2002) Saccadic targeting during, Optical Society of America 2002 conference 

R. Murray, B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2002) Saccadic targetting during visual search for letters, Journal of Vision, 2(10), 21a 

B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2002) Similar Internal Noise Levels Limit Saccadic and Perceptual Performance in a Visual-Search Task, Program No. 418.13. 2002 Abstract Viewer and Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience 

B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2001) Correlated saccadic and perceptual decisions in a visual-search detection task reveal spatial-filter overlap, Journal of Vision, 1(3), 263a 

A. E. Krukowski, D. R. Begault, E. M. Wenzel, & L. S. Stone (2001) Human oculomotor response to virtual auditory motion, 31st Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA, November 10-15, Abstract # 404.15 

A. E. Krukowski, D. R. Begault, E. M. Wenzel, & L. S. Stone (2001) Human oculomotor responses to virtual auditory motion, Society for Neuroscience 31st Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA 

M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2001) Quantifying the performance limits of human saccadic targeting during visual search, Perception, 30, 1389-1401 

M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2000) Accumulation of Information Across Saccades During Visual Search Depends on How Far the First Saccade Lands from the Target, Perception Supplement, V29

B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & M. P. Eckstein (2000) Correlated Saccadic and Perceptual Decisions in a Visual-Search Detection Task reveal spatial-filter overlap, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V26 

D. R. Begault, E. M. Wenzel, L. S. Stone, & M. R. Anderson (2000) Direct comparison of the impact of head tracking, reverberation, and individualized head-related transfer functions on the spatial perception of a virtual speech source, Proceedings of the 108th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, Paris, Feb. 2000, New York: Audio Engineering Society, Preprint 5134 

B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2000) Motion Coherence Affects Human Pursuit and Perception Similarly, Visual Neuroscience, V17, p. 139-153 

B. R. Beutter, M. P. Eckstein, & L. S. Stone (2000) Parallel Differences in Contrast-Discrimination and Detection Performance for Saccades and Perception in Visual Search, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V40, p. S424 

B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & M. P. Eckstein (2000) Saccadic and Perceptual Decisions in Visual Search: Parallel Differences in Contrast-discrimination and Detection Tasks, Eye Movements and Vision in the Natural World Symposium, p. 27 

M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (2000) Task Information Increases from the First to the Second Saccade in Visual Search of a Target among Distractors, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V40, p. S759 

L. S. Stone, J. . Lorenceau, & B. R. Beutter (2000) Visual Motion Integration for Pursuit and Perception, Perception, 29, p. 771-787 

M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, J. L. Bartroff, & L. S. Stone (1999) Guided Search vs. Signal Detection Theory in Target Localization Tasks, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V40, p. S346

M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1999) Human Saccades in Search: Second Chances Are Worth a Second Peek, Perception Supplement, V28 

B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & M. P. Eckstein (1999) Human Saccadic Accuracy in a Visual Contrast-Discrimination Search Task, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V25, p. 656 

L. S. Stone, B. R. Beutter, & M. P. Eckstein (1999) Salience Effects on Perceptual and Saccadic Target Localization during Search, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V25, p. 548 

J. A. Perrone, & L. S. Stone (1998) Emulating the Visual Receptive-Field Properties of MST Neurons with a Template Model of Heading Estimation, The Journal of Neuroscience, 18(5), p.5958-5975 

B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1998) Human Motion Perception and Smooth Eye Movements Show Similar Directional Biases for Elongated Apertures, V38, N9, p. 11273-1286 

L. S. Stone, & B. R. Beutter (1998) Motion Segmentation from Speed Cues in Transparent and Corrugated Displays, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V24, p. 1743 

B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1998) Oculometric Analysis of Pursuit Eye Movements Can Measure Motion Coherence, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V24, p. 1410 

M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1998) The Effect of Set Size on the Relationship between, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V39, p. S225 

M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1998) The effect of set size on the relationship between saccadic and perceptual decisions during search, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 39: S225 

P. Thompson, & L. S. Stone (1997) Contrast affects flicker and speed perception differently, Vision Research, 37, 1255-1260 

L. S. Stone, & J. A. Perrone (1997) Human heading estimation during visually-simulated curvilinear motion, Vision Research, 37, 573-590 

B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1997) Pursuit and Direction Perception are Driven by Similar and Veridical Object-Motion Signals, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Supplement, V38, p. 693 

P. Verghese, & L. S. Stone (1997) Spatial layout affects speed discrimination, Vision Research, 37, 397-406 

L. S. Stone, B. R. Beutter, & J. Lorenceau (1997) Steady-State Pursuit is Driven by Object Motion Rather than the Vector Average of Local Motion, Investigative Ophthalmology and Science Supplement, V38, p. 936

M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1997) The Accuracy of Saccadic and Perceptual Decisions in Visual Search, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V37, p. 1152 

M. P. Eckstein, B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1997) The visual efficiency of eye movements during search, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 38: S1152 

P. Thompson, & L. S. Stone (1997) Up-down asymmetries in speed perception, Perception Suppl., 26: 79

P. Verghese, & L. S. Stone (1996) Perceived visual speed constrained by image segmentation, Nature. 381, 161-163 

B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1996) Quantifying the Correlation between Eye-Movement and Perceptual Responses to Moving Plaids, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V37, p. 738
L. S. Stone, J. . Lorenceau, & B. R. Beutter (1996) Smooth Pursuit of a Partially Occluded Object, Perception Supplement, V25, p. 5 

P. Thompson, L. S. Stone, & S. Swash (1996) Speed estimates from grating patches are not contrast normalised, Vision Research, 36: 667-674 

B. R. Beutter, J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1996) The Barberplaid Illusion: Plaid Motion is Biased by Elongated Apertures, Vision Research, V36, N19, p. 3061-3076 

L. S. Stone, B. R. Beutter, & J. Lorenceau (1996) Tracking virtual trajectories, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 22: 963 

B. . Chapman, & L. S. Stone (1996) Turning a blind eye to cortical receptive fields, Neuron, 16(1), 9-12

B. R. Beutter, J. Lorenceau, & L. S. Stone (1996) Visual Coherence Affects Smooth Pursuit, Perception Supplement, V25, p. 5 

B. R. Beutter, J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1995) Analysis of the Trial-by-Trial Correlation between Eye-Movement and Perceptual Responses to Moving Plaids, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V21, p.141

P. Verghese, & L. S. Stone (1995) Combining speed information across space, Vision Research, 35: 2811-2823 

B. R. Beutter, & L. S. Stone (1995) Direction of Perceived Motion and Eye Movements Show Similar Biases for Asymmetrically Windowed Moving Plaids, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V36, p. 206 

J. A. Perrone, & L. S. Stone (1994) A model of self-motion estimation within primate extrastriate visual cortex, Vision Research, 34: 2917-2938 

B. R. Beutter, J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1994) Direction of Moving Plaids is Biased by Asymmetric Viewing Windows, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V20, p. 772 

S. G. Lisberger, T. A. Pavelko, H. Bronte-Stewart, & L. S. Stone (1994) Neural basis for motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex of primates. II. Changes in the responses of horizontal gaze-velocity Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus and ventral paraflocculus, Journal of Neurophysiology, 72: 954-973 

B. R. Beutter, L. S. Stone, & J. B. Mulligan (1994) The Barberplaid Illusion, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, V35, p. 2158 

M. K. Kaiser, J. A. Perrone, L. S. Stone, M. Banks, & J. Crowell (1993) Extracting heading and temporal range from optic flow: Human performance issues, In M. K. Kaiser & B. T. Sweet (Eds.), Proceedings of the Augmented VIsual Display (AVID) Research Workshop. NASA Conference Proceedings #10128 

L. S. Stone, & P. Thompson (1992) Human speed perception is contrast dependent, Vision Research, 32: 1535-1549 

L. S. Stone, A. B. Watson, & J. B. Mulligan (1990) Effect Of Contrast On The Perceived Direction Of A Moving Plaid, Vision Res., 30, 1049-1067. 

L. S. Stone, & S. G. Lisberger (1990) Visual responses of Purkinje cells in the monkey cerebellar flocculus during smooth-pursuit eye movements. I. Simple spikes, Journal of Neurophysiology, 63: 1241-1261

L. S. Stone, & S. G. Lisberger (1990) Visual responses of Purkinje cells in the monkey cerebellar flocculus during smooth-pursuit eye movements. II. Complex spikes, Journal of Neurophysiology, 63: 1262-1275

L. S. Stone, A. B. Watson, & J. B. Mulligan (1989) Effect Of Contrast On The Perception Of Direction Of A Moving Pattern, NASA Technical Memorandum #102234 

J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1989) Halftoning method for the generation of motion stimuli, Journal of the Optical Society of America A 6: 1217-1227 

L. S. Stone, & S. G. Lisberger (1989) Synergistic action of complex and simple spikes in the monkey flocculus in the control of smooth-pursuit eye movement, Experimental Brain Research Supplement 17: 299-312 

L. S. Stone, J. B. Mulligan, & A. B. Watson (1988) Contrast Affects the Perceived Direction of a Moving Plaid, Optics News, v. 14 no. 9, 206 

J. B. Mulligan, & L. S. Stone (1988) Efficient use of bit planes in the generation of motion stimuli, NASA Technical Memorandum #101022 

L. S. Stone, J. B. Mulligan, & A. B. Watson (1988) Neural Determination of the Direction of Motion: Contrast Affects the Perceived Direction of a Moving Plaid, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 14, 1251 

L. S. Stone, & S. G. Lisberger (1986) Detection of tracking errors by visual climbing fiber inputs to the monkey cerebellar flocculus during pursuit eye movements, Neuroscience Letters 72: 163-168 

R. D. DeVoe, W. . Kaiser, J. Ohm, & L. S. Stone (1982) Horizontal movement detectors of honeybees: directionally-selective visual neurons in the lobula and brain, Journal of Comparative Physiology 147: 155-170 

D. S. Forman, I. G. McQuarrie, F. W. Labore, D. K. Wood, L. S. Stone, C. H. Braddock, & D. A. Fuchs (1980) Time course of the conditioning lesion effect on axonal regeneration, Brain Research 182: 180-185