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Florian Schwandner

Florian (Max) Schwandner

Division Chief, NASA Earth Science Division (SG)

Contents

Affiliation: NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)

Division: Earth Science Division (SG)

Email: florian.m.schwandner@nasa.gov​

Phone: (818) 354-0601​

Professional Biography

Dr. Schwandner uses ground, airborne, and space-based observations to understand how volcanoes move from quiescence to unrest, and how mass and energy flows between the solid Earth, ecosystems, the hydrosphere, and atmosphere, to enable better and earlier forecasts of drastic change. He is an expert in geochemical field monitoring techniques in extreme and remote environments (volcanoes, deserts, tropical rainforests). A formative experience at Pinatubo volcano in 1996 and an active volcanic crisis response in Greece with a team from ETH Zurich led to the personal mission to use science for the benefit of humankind. Schwandner has since conducted fundamental research in atmospheric and volcanic trace gas and aerosol composition, early volcanic precursors, and astrobiology. He also successfully led and contributed to developing volcanic data information systems and led autonomous real-time sensor networks for volcano monitoring in Southeast Asia. In 2017 he demonstrated for the first time that satellites can detect pre- and syn-eruptive Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) emissions. In 2015 he initiated and since co-leads a multidisciplinary initiative to investigate volcanology-ecology interactions, recently covered by the Washington Post. After joining the NASA family at JPL in 2013, he engaged in several EV-M, EV-I, and EV-S mission formulation and pre-formulation activities, and provided calibration and science products support for space missions. He joined Ames in 2019.

Education

  • PhD (Dr. sci. nat.) Geochemistry; ETH Zurich, Switzerland. (2002)
  • Diplom, Geology (structural geology and petrology), Freie Universität Berlin, Germany (1997)
  • Geochemistry, Visiting Graduate Scholar, University of Washington (1995-1996).
  • Vordiplom, Geology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany (1993)

Research Interests

  • Volcano-Ecology; Enhanced levels of emissions in volcanically active tropical ecosystems; sUAS mapping of above-canopy volcanically enhanced CO2 fields
  • Remote sensing of point source CO2 emitters. Feasibility assessment of satellite-borne monitoring of volcanic CO2 emissions
  • Point source target mode observation strategies with earth-observing satellites, vicarious calibration and automation
  • Anomalous aquatic CO2 emission budgets. Volcano monitoring (carbon & sulfur gases) in South-East Asia
  • Autonomous multi-sensor environmental monitoring networks with mesh telemetry. Economic multisensor monitoring package design and network integration
  • Chemical sensor technology and organic mass spectrometry; chemical marker analysis
  • Interdisciplinary environmental databases, and integrated natural hazard assessment
  • Robotic exploration of volcanic vents

Science Team Memberships

  • Surface Biology and Geology Study (2019-2022)
  • NASA Astrobiology Institute CAN8 Team (since 2018) (volcanology, plumes)
  • ASTER Science Team (since 2017) (volcanology, multispectral imagery services)     
  • CAMP2Ex Science Team (since 2017) (environmental monitoring, aerosols & gases)
  • HyspIRI/SBG Mission Study Team (since 2015) (geology, climate, volcanic plumes)
  • OCO-2 & OCO-3 Science Team (since 2013) (point source gas plumes, volcanology)
  • ABoVE, Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment
  • GOSAT & ACOS RA Science Team PI (since 2009) (volcanoes & urban point sources)

Service (selection)

2023 – current     Co-lead, CORE 2.0 (Challenges and Opportunities in ESI) committee, SMD-ESD Earth Surface & Interior Focus Area

2023 – current    Member, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Program Review Committee

2023 – current    Coordinator, SMD-ESD Land Cover Land Use Change Program, Mediterranean Regional Information Network

2019 – 2024       President, AOGS Solid Earth section (Asia Oceania Geoscience Society)

2018 – 2023    Advisory Member, Community Network for Volcanic Eruption Response (CONVERSE, COVE), Remote Sensing group.

2017 – current    Editorial Board Member, Geoscience Letters (AOGS’ flagship journal)

2017 – 2018       Member, NASA science response task force for the next Pinatubo-sized eruption

2016 – 2019       Secretary, AOGS Solid Earth section(Asia Oceania Geoscience Society, AOGS)

2015– 2019        NASA Hyperwall presentations, Annual AOGS meetings

2015 – 2016       Director for Strategic Initiatives and Citizen Science, Board of Directors, ISSHR (International STEM Society for Human Rights)

2006 – 2010       Steering Committee Founding Member, Interim Leadership Team, Technical Advisory Group Chair, Meeting Chair (World Organization of Volcano Observatories, Database of Volcanic Unrest)

2002 – 2004        Constitutional assembly and advisory member; HazNETH, Center for Natural Hazards Research at ETH (ETH Zürich, Switzerland).

Awards/Honors

  • Silver Group Achievement Award (named), NASA Visitor Center at Chabot Space and Science (2022).
  • NASA Group Achievement Award (named), for exceptional achievement from the OCO-2 mission to produce unprecedented insight into the global carbon cycle (2018).
  • NASA Ames Team Excellence Honor Award (VEREX team, named), for pioneering the safe and effective use of UAVs to measure volcanic emissions in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (2017).
  • JPL appreciation award for contributions to the successful launch & operations of OCO-2 (2014).

Professional Experience

2021 – current    Chief, Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center

2019 – 2021        Deputy Chief, Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center

2016 – 2019        Project Scientist III & IV, UCLA (office at JPL)

2013 – 2015        Senior Fellow, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

2009 – 2012        Senior Research Fellow, Earth Observatory of Singapore

2006 – 2009        Research Scientist II, Colorado State University

2002 – 2006        Postdoctoral positions at ETH Zürich and Arizona State University

Press Releases/Websites (Selection)

  1. 2019/08/07 “Volcanoes blow smoke rings. Now we know how they do it.” National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/08/volcanoes-blow-smoke-rings-now-we-know-how/
  2. 2019/05/21 “Climate Change is almost too big a problem to study. The solution? Volcanoes.” Massive Science. https://massivesci.com/articles/volcano-climate-change-co2-greenhouse-gas-future-our-planet/
  3.  
  4. 2018/02/07 “NASA Partners With Black Swift Technologies to Study Volcanoes via Drone”. The Drive.
    http://www.thedrive.com/aerial/18324/nasa-partners-with-black-swift-technologies-to-study-volcanoes-via-drone
  5. 2018/02/07 “Black Swift Technologies and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) demonstrate effective use of sUAS for Volcano research”.  sUAS News.
    https://www.suasnews.com/2018/02/black-swift-technologies-nasas-jet-propulsion-laboratory-jpl-demonstrate-effective-use-suas-volcano-research
  6. 2018/02/07 “Black Swift Technologies and NASA JPL Demonstrate UAS Volcano Research”. Zummo Flight Technologies.
    http://zummoft.com/black-swift-technologies-and-nasa-jpl-demonstrate-uas-volcano-research
  1.  
  2. 2017/04/20 “From the Ground Up: Building an Earth Science Satellite (HyspIRI Hawaii, Part 4)”, NASA TV (NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kljFd9Aai7c&t;=9s
  3. 2017/03/23 “NASA estudia los bosques ticos – Investigan las emisiones del Volcán Turrialba” http://www.repretel.com/actualidad/nasa-estudia-bosques-ticos-70438
  4. 2017/03/23 “Vulcanólogos se unen a trabajo de científicos de la NASA – Investigan las emisiones del volcán Turrialba” http://www.repretel.com/actualidad/vulcanologos-trabajo-cientificos-nasa-70415
  5. 2016/12/15 “Scientists detect volcanic carbon dioxide from space” http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/12/scientists-detect-volcanic-carbon-dioxide-space
  6. 2016/11/25 “Gas changes signal eruptions” Science.  http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6315/952.full
  7. 2016/11/21 “Volcanic fumes warn of imminent eruptions” Science News. http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/11/volcanic-fumes-warn-imminent-eruptions
  8. 2014/11/04 “Rethinking Volcanology: Florian Max Schwandner, JPL Senior Fellow” NPP Newsletter 3(1), Oct.2014. URL: https://nasa.orau.org/postdoc/files/NPP News Volume 3, Issue 1.pdf (links from https://nasa.orau.org/postdoc/description/newsletters.htm)
  9. 2013/09/20 “ JPL studies local fumarole to develop a robotic sensing tool”. The Sheet (Mammoth Lakes, CA). http://thesheetnews.com/2013/09/20/jpl-studies-local-fumarole-to-develop-a-robotic-sensing-tool/
  10. 2014/02/25 “Waiting for the next Pompeii (It won’t be long)”. DISCOVER magazine online.  http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2014/02/25/waiting-next-pompeii-wont-long/
  11. 2014/02/19 “Mount Vesuvius is set to explode as star of ‘Pompeii’ “. USAToday. http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2014/02/19/volcano-pompeii-florian-schwandner/5572743/
  12. 2014/02/22 “Pompeii and Vesuvius volcano”. Interview by Michio Kaku’s radio show ‘Science Fantastic’.

Select Publications

  1. Pulvirenti, F., Scollo, S., Ferlito, C. and Schwandner, F.M., 2023. Dynamics of volcanic vortex rings. Scientific Reports, 13(1), p.2369. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-26435-0.
  2. Cawse-Nicholson, K., Townsend, P.A., Schimel, D., Assiri, A.M., Blake, P.L., Buongiorno, M.F., Campbell, P., Carmon, N., Casey, K.A., Correa-Pabón, R.E., Dahlin, K.M., Dashti, H., Dennison, P.E., Dierssen, H., Erickson, A., Fisher, J.B., Frouin, R., Gatebe, C.K., Gholizadeh, H., Gierach, M., Glenn, N.F., Goodman, J.A., Griffith, D.M., Guild, L., Hakkenberg, C.R., Hochberg, E.J., Holmes, T.R.H., Hu, C., Hulley, G., Huemmrich, K.F., Kudela, R.M., Kokaly, R.F., Lee, C.M., Martin, R., Miller, C.E., Moses, W.J., Muller-Karger, F.E., Ortiz, J.D., Otis, D.B., Pahlevan, N., Painter, T.H., Pavlick, R., Poulter, B., Qi, Y., Realmuto, V.J., Roberts, D., Schaepman, M.E., Schneider, F.D., Schwandner, F.M., Serbin, S.P., Shiklomanov, A.N., Stavros, E.N., Thompson, D.R., Torres-Perez, J.L., Turpie, K.R., Tzortziou, M., Ustin, S., Yu, Q., Yusup, Y., and Qingyuan Zhang, 2021. NASA’s surface biology and geology designated observable: A perspective on surface imaging algorithms. Remote Sensing of Environment 257, p.112349. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112349.
  3. Johnson, M.S., Schwandner, F.M., et al., 2020. Carbon dioxide emissions during the 2018 Kilauea volcano eruption estimated using OCO‐2 satellite retrievals. Geophysical Research Letters 47(24), p.e2020GL090507. DOI: 10.1029/2020GL090507.
  4. Bogue, R.R., Schwandner, F.M., et al. (2019). Plant responses to volcanically-elevated CO2 in two Costa Rican Forests. Biogeosciences, 16, 1343-1360; DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-1343-2019.
  1. Bruegge, C.J., Crisp, D., Helmlinger, M.C., Kataoka, F., Kuze, A., Lee, R.A., McDuffie, J.L., Rosenberg, R.A., Schwandner, F.M., Shiomi, K. and Yu, S., 2019. Vicarious calibration of orbiting carbon observatory-2. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 57(7), pp.5135-5145. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2897068.
  2. Bruegge, C.J., Coburn, C., Elmes, A., Helmlinger, M.C., Kataoka, F., Kuester, M., Kuze, A., Ochoa, T., Schaaf, C., Shiomi, K. and Schwandner, F.M., 2019. Bi-directional reflectance factor determination of the railroad valley playa. Remote Sensing 11(22), p.2601. DOI: 10.3390/rs11222601.
  3. Kataoka, F., Crisp, D., O’Dell, C.W., Taylor, T.E., Kuze, A., Shiomi, K., Suto, H., Bruegge, C., Schwandner, F.M., Rosenberg, R. , Chapsky, L., Lee, R. (2018).
    The cross-calibration spectral radiances and cross-validation of CO2 estimates from GOSAT and OCO-2. In: Special Issue “Remote Sensing of Greenhouse Gases”, Remote Sensing, 9(11), 1158. DOI:10.3390/rs9111158.
  4. Cawse-Nicholson, K., Fisher, J.B., Famiglietti, C.A., Braverman, A., Schwandner, F.M., Lewicki, J.L., Townsend, P.A., Schimel, D.S., Pavlick, R., Bormann, K.J., Ferraz, A., Kang, E.L., Ma, P., Bogue, R.R., Youmans, T., and D.C. Pieri, 2018. Ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 using airborne remote sensing at Mammoth Mountain, California. Biogeosciences 15: 7403-7418. DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-1343-2019.
  1. Schwandner, F.M., Gunson, M.R., Miller, C.E., Carn, S.A., Eldering, A.E., Krings, T., Schimel, D.S., Nguyen, H.M., Crisp, D., O’Dell, C.W., Osterman, G.B., Wunch, D., Wennberg, P.O., Roehl, C.M., Iraci, L.T., and J.R. Podolske (2017). Space-Borne Detection of Localized Carbon Dioxide Sources. SCIENCE, 58 (6360): eaam5782, 192. DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5782.
  2. Eldering, A., Wennberg, P., Crisp, D., Schimel, D., Gunson, M.R., Chatterjee, A., Liu, J., Schwandner, F.M., Sun, Y., O’Dell, C.W., Frankenberg, C., Taylor, T., Fisher, B., Osterman, G.B., Wunch, D., Hakkarainen, J., and J. Tamminen (2017). Evaluating the flux of carbon dioxide to and from the atmosphere: The Orbiting Carbon Observatory. SCIENCE, October 13, 2017, 358 (6360), eaam5745, DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5745.
  3. Kataoka, F., Crisp, D., Taylor, T.E., O’Dell, C.W., Kuze, A., Shiomi, K., Suto, H., Bruegge, C., Schwandner, F.M., Rosenberg, R. and Chapsky, L., 2017. The cross-calibration of spectral radiances and cross-validation of CO2 estimates from GOSAT and OCO-2. Remote Sensing 9(11), p.1158. DOI: 10.3390/rs9111158.
  4. Eldering, A., O’Dell, C. W., Wennberg, P. O., Crisp, D., Gunson, M. R., Viatte, C., Avis, C., Braverman, A., Castano, R., Chang, A., Chapsky, L., Cheng, C., Connor, B., Dang, L., Doran, G., Fisher, B., Frankenberg, C., Fu, D., Granat, R., Hobbs, J., Lee, R. A. M., Mandrake, L., McDuffie, J., Miller, C. E., Myers, V., Natraj, V., O’Brien, D., Osterman, G. B., Oyafuso, F., Payne, V. H., Pollock, H. R., Polonsky, I., Roehl, C. M., Rosenberg, R., Schwandner, F., Smyth, M., Tang, V., Taylor, T. E., To, C., Wunch, D., and Yoshimizu, J.: The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2: first 18 months of science data products, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 549–563. DOI: 10.5194/amt-10-549-2017.
  5. Dietrich, V.J., J. Fiebig, G. Chiodini and F.M. Schwandner (2017). Fluid Geochemistry of the Hydrothermal System. In: V.J. Dietrich, E. Lagios, O. Bachmann (Eds.), Nisyros Volcano. Springer, Berlin (2017), 468pp., pp. 145–201. ISBN 978-3-319-55460-0. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55460-0.
  6. Velazco, V. A., I. Morino, O. Uchino, N. M. Deutscher, B. Bukosa, D. A. Belikov, Y. Oishi, T. Y. Nakajima, R. C. Macatangay, T. Nakatsuru, S. Maksyutov, F. M. Schwandner and D. W. T. Griffith (2016). TCCON Philippines: Toward Quantifying Atmospheric Carbon in Southeast Asia, Climate, Disaster and Development Journal, 2(2): 1-12. DOI: 10.18783/cddj.v002.i02.a01.
  7. Crisp, D., Pollock, H.R., Rosenberg, R., Chapsky, L., Lee, R.A.M., Oyafuso, F.A., Frankenberg, C., O’Dell, C.W., Bruegge, C.J., Doran, G.B., Eldering, A., Fisher, B.M., Fu, D., Gunson, M.R., Mandrake, L., Osterman, G.B., Schwandner, F.M., Sun, K., Taylor, T.E., Wennberg, P.O., and D.Wunch. (2016). The On-Orbit Performance of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) Instrument and it Radiometrically Calibrated Products. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10: 59-81. DOI: 10.5194/amt-2016-281.
  8. Eldering, A., O’Dell, C., Wennberg, P., Crisp, D., Gunson, M. Viatte, C., Avis, C., Braverman, A., Castano, R., Chang, A., Chapsky, L., Cheng, C., Connor, B., Dang, L., Doran, G., Fisher, B., Frankenberg, C., Fu, D., Granat, R., Hobbs, J., Lee, R., Mandrake, L., McDuffie, J., Miller, C., Myers, V., Natraj, V., O’Brien, D., Osterman, G., Oyafuso, F., Payne, V., Pollock, H., Polonsky, I., Roehl, C., Rosenberg, R., Schwandner, F., Smyth, M., Tang, V., Taylor, T., To, C., Wunch, D., and J. Yoshimizu (2016), The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2: First 18 months of Science Data Products. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10: 549-563. DOI: 10.5194/amt-2016-247.
  9. Bruegge, C.J., Davies, R., Schwandner, F.M., Seidel, F.C. (2014). “Spectrophotometry Applications: Remote Sensing” In: Thomas A. Germer, Joanne C. Zwinkels and Benjamin K. Tsai (Eds.), Spectrophotometry – Accurate Measurement of Optical Properties of Materials. Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences 46: 457–487. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386022-4.00012-1.
  10. Schwandner, F.M. (2014). The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 – Opportunities for Deep Carbon Research. Deep Carbon Observatory Newsletter, July 2014 [published online 2014-07-21
    https://deepcarbon.net/feature/orbiting-carbon-observatory-2-–-opportunities-deep-carbon-research ). Peer-reviewed solicited strategy article.
  11. Li, Y., Schwandner, F.M., Sewell, H.J., Zivkovich, A., Tigges, M., Raja, S., Holcomb, S., Molenar, J.V., Sherman, L., Archuleta, C., Lee, T., and Collett, J.L. (2013). Observations of ammonia, nitric acid, and fine particles in a rural gas production region. Atmospheric Environment 83:80-89. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.007.
  12. Mazot A., Schwandner F. M., Christenson B., de Ronde C. E.J., Inguaggiato S. , Scott B., Graham D., Britten K., Keeman, J., and Tan, K. (2013). CO2 discharge from the bottom of volcanic Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 15(3): 577-588. DOI: 10.1002/2013GC004945.
  13. Schwandner, F.M., Oda, T., Duren, R., Carn, S., Maksyutov, S., Crisp, D., Miller, C.E. (2013). Scientific Opportunities from Target-Mode Capabilities of GOSAT-2. JPL White Paper. Public release in March 2013.
  14. Kuze, A., Taylor, T.E., Kataoka, F., Bruegge, C.J., Crisp, D., Harada, M., Helmlinger, M., Inoue, M., Kawakami, S., Kikuchi, N., Mitomi, Y., Murooka, J., Naito, M., O’Brien, D.M., O’Dell, C.W., Ohyama, H., Pollock, H., Schwandner, F.M., Shiomi, K., Suto, H., Takeda, T., Tanaka, T., Urabe, T., Yokota, T., and Yoshida, Y. (2013). Long-Term Vicarious Calibration of GOSAT Short-Wave Sensors: Techniques for Error Reduction and New Estimates of Radiometric Degradation Factors. IEEE 99:1-14. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2278696.
  15. Benedict, K.B., D. Day, F.M. Schwandner, S.M. Kreidenweis, B. Schichtel, W.C. Malm, J.L. Collett, Jr. (2013). Observations of atmospheric reactive nitrogen species in Rocky Mountain National Park and across northern Colorado. Atmospheric Environment 64:66-76. (student author) DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.066.
  16. Schwandner, F.M., Seward, T.M., Gize, A.P. Hall, Keith, and Dietrich, V.J. (2013). Halocarbons and other trace heteroatomic organic compounds in volcanic gases from Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 101, 191-221. DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.004.
  17. D.E. Day, X. Chen, K.A. Gebhart, C.M. Carrico, F.M. Schwandner, K.B. Benedict, B.A. Schichtel, J.L. Collett Jr. (2012). Spatial and temporal variability of ammonia and other inorganic aerosol species. Atmospheric Environment 61:490-498. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.045.
  18. Heald, C. L., Collett Jr., J. L., Lee, T., Benedict, K. B., Schwandner, F. M., Li, Y., Clarisse, L., Hurtmans, D. R., Van Damme, M., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P.-F., and Pye, H. O. T. (2012): Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen over the United States. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 12, 19455-19498. DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-10295-2012.
  19. Beem, K.B., Raja, S., Schwandner, F.M., Taylor, C., Lee, T., Sullivan, A.P., Carrico, C.M., McMeeking, G.R., Day, D., Levin, E., Hand, J., Kreidenweis, S.M., Schichtel, B., Malm, W.C., and Collett, Jr., J.C. (2010): Deposition of reactive nitrogen during the Rocky Mountain Airborne Nitrogen and Sulfur (RoMANS) study. Environmental Pollution 158(3):862-872. (student author) DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.09.023.
  20. Noblitt, S.D., Schwandner, F.M., Hering, S.V., Collett, J.L., Jr., and Henry, C.S (2008): High-sensitivity microchip electrophoresis determination of inorganic anions and oxalate in atmospheric aerosols with adjustable selectivity and conductivity detection. J. Chromatogr. A 1216(9):1503-1510. (student author) DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.084.
  21. Windman, T, Zolotova, N., Schwandner, F., and Shock, E. (2007): Formate as an Energy Source for Microbial Metabolism in Chemosynthetic Zones of Hydrothermal Ecosystems. Astrobiology 7(6):873-890. (student author) DOI: 10.1089/ast.2007.0127.
  22. Gogu, R.C., Dietrich, V.J., Jenny, B., Schwandner, F.M. and Hurni, L., 2006. A geo-spatial data management system for potentially active volcanoes—GEOWARN project. Computers & Geosciences, 32(1), pp.29-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.04.004.
  23. Schwandner F. M., Seward T. M., Gize A. P., Hall P. A., and Dietrich V. J. (2004): Diffuse emission of organic trace gases from the flank and crater of a quiescent active volcano (Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy). Journal of Geophysical Research D – Atmospheres 109, D04301, 20pp. DOI: 10.1007/BF03545034.
  24. Hurni, L., Jenny, B., Terribilini, A., Freimark, H., Schwandner, F.M., Gogu, R.C., Dietrich, V.J., 2004. GEOWARN: Ein Internet-basiertes Multimedia-Atlas-Informationssystem für vulkanologische Anwendungen. J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. 54, 67–72 (2004). DOI:10.1007/BF03545034.
  25. Dietrich,. V. J., Kipfer, R. & Schwandner, F. (1998). Mantle-derived noble gases in the South Aegean volcanic arc: Indicators for incipient magmatic activity and deep crustal movements. Newsletter of the European Centre on Prevention and Forecasting of Earthquakes (Council of Europe) 2 (Sept. 1998): 28-32.
  26. Schwandner, F.M. (1998): Polyphase Meso-Cenozoic Structural Development on Poros Island (Greece). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 32 (1): 129-136. http://geolib.geo.auth.gr/index.php/bgsg/article/view/1836/1680