WEBVTT

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Just about everything NASA does depends
on wireless communications or remote

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sensing technology.

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Of course,
NASA uses many of the same wireless

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devices that the rest of us rely on for
our everyday lives,

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like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth,
to get work done.

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But it's the Agency's mission of
discovery and innovation that drives its

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need for some more unique uses of the
radio frequency spectrum.

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For example,
passive remote sensing technologies

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leverage radio frequency,
or RF spectrum that enables receive-only

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sensors to listen for RF signals of
natural origin.

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These signals can be used to measure
parameters relevant to Earth observation

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and space research.

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These kinds of applications leverage
frequency bands allocated to the Earth

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exploration-satellite service (passive)
and space research service (passive).

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The frequencies of scientific interest
are determined by physics,

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not by regulators.

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They occur throughout the RF spectrum and
they cannot be moved.

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To protect the extremely sensitive
applications in these services

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the majority of the bands allocated to
these two services are explicitly

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protected for exclusive passive use by
the International Telecommunication Union

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Radio Regulations Footnote 5.
340 and are generally only shared with

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other passive services such as the radio
astronomy service.

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Similarly,
active remote sensing technologies

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leverage radio frequency spectrum to
measure parameters relevant to Earth

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observation and space research.

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Active sensors are radar instruments that
provide their own source of energy to

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illuminate the objects they observe,
such as the Earth or a celestial object

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like the Moon.

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An active sensor emits radiation in the
direction of the target to be

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investigated.

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The sensor then detects and measures the
radiation that is reflected or

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backscattered from the target.

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These kinds of applications leverage
frequency bands allocated to the Earth

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exploration-satellite service (active)
and space research service (active).

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Active sensor frequency allocations are
often shared with other radar systems,

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as such systems are normally compatible
with the operation of the sensors.

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And of course,
every space mission uses spectrum to

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enable communication between spacecraft
and operators on Earth.

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This includes the transmission to and
from Earth of voice and video,

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science data,
and information about spacecraft health,

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as well as commands for both crewed and
uncrewed spacecraft.

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These applications leverage frequency
bands allocated to the Earth

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exploration-satellite service,
space research service,

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and the space operation service.

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Applications in these services are
compatible,

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so these three services frequently share
use of their allocated bands.

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Many NASA projects,
both space-based and Earth-based,

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also use spectrum to enable navigation,
using radar or position,

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navigation and timing services to
determine the position of their systems

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relative to other systems.

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These applications primarily leverage
frequency bands allocated to the

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radiolocation service and radio
navigation satellite service

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Now NASA is taking steps to transition
away from maintaining the Tracking and

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Data Relay Satellite System (or TDRS),
which relays data from NASA missions in

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low Earth orbit to the ground.

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Appropriate spectrum allocations will
enable NASA to become one of many

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customers purchasing commercial space
relay services.

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NASA provided technical engineering and
modeling expertise as part of the U.S.

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delegation at the World Radio
Communication Conference in 2023 on a key

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agenda item that attained recognition for
inter-satellite service links in some

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fixed satellite service bands.

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Efforts leading up to the next conference
in 2027 seek to achieve similar outcomes

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in certain mobile satellite service bands.

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While NASA already leverages some typical
commercial communications products,

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this ongoing work at the international
regulatory level will further enable

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NASA's shift to commercial space based
communications services.