Feature
East Africa now has some new NASA technology to monitor the tiny particles in the air known as aerosols.
Dr. Michael King, Senior Project Scientist of NASA's Earth Observing System at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Md., led a group of NASA scientists that traveled through Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Eritrea from February 26 to March 18, 2005, to find locations to place a number of NASA’s AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sunphotometer.
Image to right: Sun Photometer Pointing at Sun and Taking Measurements -- A Sun photometer measures the intensity of sunlight arriving directly from the Sun. They are pointed directly at the Sun and measure direct sunlight. Since haze and aerosols block some direct sunlight, a Sun photometer is an ideal instrument for measuring haze. Click on the image to enlarge. Credit: NASA
A sunphotometer is an instrument which measures the intensity of the Sun's light, when pointed directly at the Sun. Any aerosols and gases (haze) between the Sun and the photometer tend to decrease the Sun's intensity. A hazy sky would read a lower intensity of sunlight and give a lower voltage reading on the photometer. A clear blue sky would result in a greater intensity and a higher voltage reading.
Image to left: Broglio Space Center, Malindi, Africa -- This dish can receive Terra/MODIS and Aqua satellite data in direct broadcast mode. Click on the image to enlarge. Credit: Charles Gatebe
Michael King was accompanied by Dr. Charles Gatebe, Assistant Research Scientist at the University of Maryland-Baltimore County’s (UMBC) Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center (GEST); Brent Holben, GSFC Project Scientist for AERONET; and Dr. Ali Omar, scientist from NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. They traveled throughout East Africa to find the perfect location for the AERONET instruments. The AERONET sunphotometers will check to make sure satellite measurements are accurate, and add to the knowledge of tiny aerosol particles' effects on climate change.
They visited various parks and nature sites, including Mbita Point Research and Training Centre on Lake Victoria, Nairobi National Park, Masawa, Eritrea on the Red Sea and the western Rift Valley in Uganda.
Image to right: Zebras in Nairobi National Park -- This is a picture of Nairobi National Park shown with its resident Burchell’s Zebras. Downtown Nairobi is seen in the background. Click on the image to enlarge. Credit: Photo by Michael King
King's team met with science and technology officials and lectured at universities, high schools and community organizations about the AERONET project and NASA's interest in East Africa. Some of those institutions they spoke at included: University of Nairobi; Egerton Universtity, Kenya; Kiriti Secondary School, Nyeri; and Tanzania Meteorological Agency; Makerere University; Eritrea Ministry of Education.
At the conclusion of the mission, several ideal sites for the AERONET sunphotometers in East Africa were identified in Malindi, San Marco; Nairobi National Park, Nairobi and Mbita Lake Point, Lake Victoria. Makerere University Biological Field Station at Kibale National Park, Uganda and Eritrea Polytechnic University, Asmara, Eritrea. These AERONET sites will help fill in current gaps of missing information about aerosols.
Image to left: Research and Training Center -- This is a photo of the Mbita Point Research and Training Centre on the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Click on the image to enlarge. Credit: Michael King
NASA's Earth Observatory Web site is full of information available and useful to people throughout Africa, and all over the world. To access the web site go to: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov . NASA scientists are soon to follow up this trip and continue to make certain that the AERONET instruments will be placed in the locations that best fit its requirements to observe areas sufficiently.
For more information and related images, please visit on the Internet:
+ http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/urban_effects.html
+ http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center