What are the top risks?

Spaceflight-induced bone loss elevates the risk of developing kidney stones during missions and beyond. As bones break down, calcium may be released into other bodily systems and solidify, becoming painful kidney stones. If astronauts do not drink an adequate amount of water, that can also exacerbate this risk. Without proper treatment, these kidney blockages can develop into a lethal infection. The risk of developing these stones increases during lengthier missions, so learning how best to identify and treat them is a priority for future deep space missions.

What can be done about it?

Certain medications, such as bisphosphonates, can help counter spaceflight-induced bone changes that precipitate the formation of kidney stones. NASA scientists can also determine if a crew member is at risk of developing a kidney stone based on urinary analysis. From there, scientists can adjust an astronaut’s diet, hydration, and exercise routine if needed. For deep space missions, medical personnel will prepare crew members to identify and potentially treat kidney stones with ultrasound.

Did you know?

NASA astronauts have reported more than 30 kidney stone incidents after their missions, but no NASA astronauts have experienced a kidney stone during spaceflight.

Formal risk description: Risk of renal stone formation