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Article 1 -- Purpose and Objectives 2
Article 2 -- General Description of the Space Station 3
Article 3 -- Space Station Elements 4
Article 4 -- Access to and Use of the Space Station 7
Article 5 -- Major Program Milestones 7
Article 6 -- Respective Responsibilities 8
Article 7 -- Management Aspects of the Space Station Program Primarily
Related to Detailed Design and Development 16
Article 8 -- Management Aspects of the Space Station Program Primarily
Related to Operations and Utilization 19
Article 9 -- Responsibilities for Operations Costs and Activities
28
Article 10 -- Safety and Mission Assurance 30
Article 11 -- Space Station Crew 31
Article 12 -- Transportation, Communications and Other Non-Space
Station Facilities 33
Article 13 -- Advanced Development Program 36
Article 14 -- Space Station Evolution 36
Article 15 -- Cross-Waiver of Liability; Exchange of Data and Goods; Treatment of
Data and Goods in Transit; Customs and Immigration; Intellectual
Property; Criminal Jurisdiction 37
Article 16 -- Financial Arrangements 37
Article 17 -- Public Information 38
Article 18 -- Consultation and Settlement of Disputes 38
Article 19 -- Entry into Force; Withdrawal 38
Article 20 -- MOU Amendments 39
Article 21 -- Language 39
Article 22 -- Review 39
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (hereinafter
"NASA"),
and
The Canadian Space Agency (hereinafter "CSA"),
Recalling that in his State of the Union Address of January 25,
1984, the President of the United States directed NASA to develop
and place into orbit a permanently manned Space Station and invited
friends and allies of the United States to participate in its
development and use and to share in the benefits thereof, in order
to promote peace, prosperity and freedom,
Recalling the acceptance of such invitation by the Prime Minister
of Canada at the March 1985 Quebec Summit meeting with the President
of the United States and the mutual confirmation of their intention
to cooperate at the March 1986 Washington, D.C., Summit meeting,
Having successfully implemented the Memorandum of Understanding
between NASA and the Ministry of State for Science and Technology
of Canada (MOSST) for a Cooperative Program Concerning Detailed
Definition and Preliminary Design (Phase B) of a Permanently Manned
Space Station, which entered into force on April 16, 1985,
Considering the Agreement among the Government of the United States
of America, Governments of Member States of the European Space
Agency, the Government of Japan and the Government of Canada on
Cooperation in the Detailed Design, Development, Operation and
Utilization of the Permanently Manned Civil Space Station signed
on September 29, 1988, as superseded by the Agreement among the
Government of Canada, Governments of Member States of the European
Space Agency, the Government of Japan, the Government of the Russian
Federation, and the Government of the United States of America
concerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space Station,
(hereinafter "the Intergovernmental Agreement") and
particularly Article 4 thereof,
Considering the Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and the
Ministry of State for Science and Technology of Canada (MOSST)
on Cooperation in the Detailed Design, Development, Operation
and Utilization of the Permanently Manned Civil Space Station
signed on September 29, 1988, and recognizing that upon its establishment
on March 1, 1989, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) assumed responsibility
for the execution of the Canadian Space Station program,
Considering the Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and the
European Space Agency (ESA) on Cooperation in the Detailed Design,
Development, Operation and Utilization of the Permanently Manned
Civil Space Station signed on September 29, 1988,
Considering the Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and the
Government of Japan (the GOJ) on Cooperation in the Detailed Design,
Development, Operation and Utilization of the Permanently Manned
Civil Space Station signed on March 14, 1989, and recognizing
that the GOJ has designated the Science and Technology Agency
of Japan (STA) in that Memorandum of Understanding as its Cooperating
Agency, as provided for in Article 4 of the Intergovernmental
Agreement,
Recognizing the Joint Invitation extended to the Government of
the Russian Federation at the Occasion of the Intergovernmental
Meeting of the Space Station Partners in Washington, D.C., on
December 6, 1993, and further recognizing the acceptance of the
invitation by the Government of the Russian Federation on December
17, 1993,
Considering the Interim Agreement between NASA and the Russian
Space Agency (RSA) for the Conduct of Activities Leading to Russian
Partnership in the Detailed Design, Development, Operation and
Utilization of the Permanently Manned Civil Space Station signed
on June 23, 1994,
Considering the Arrangements For Enhanced Cooperation In Space
Between NASA and CSA of May 18, 1994,
Considering the Implementing Arrangement Between NASA and CSA
for the provision, by Canada, of a Space Station Special Purpose
Dexterous Manipulator and other goods and services towards fulfilment
of its financial responsibilities for common system operations
costs signed on January 28, 1998,
Recognizing that NASA and CSA, NASA and ESA, NASA and the GOJ,
and NASA and RSA have prepared Memoranda of Understanding in conjunction
with their Governments' negotiation of the Intergovernmental Agreement,
Convinced that this cooperation among NASA, CSA, ESA, the GOJ
and RSA (hereinafter the "partners"), implementing the
provisions established in the Intergovernmental Agreement, will
further expand cooperation through the establishment of a long-term
and mutually beneficial relationship and will further promote
cooperation in the exploration and peaceful use of outer space,
Have agreed as follows:
1.1. The purpose of this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter
"MOU") is, pursuant to Article 4 of the Intergovernmental
Agreement and on the basis of genuine partnership, to establish
arrangements between NASA and CSA (hereinafter "the Parties")
implementing the provisions of the Intergovernmental Agreement,
in accordance with international law. This MOU implements, is
intended to be consistent with, and is subject to the provisions
of the Intergovernmental Agreement. Additional arrangements implementing
provisions of this MOU, as agreed pursuant to Article 4.2 of the
Intergovernmental Agreement between duly authorized representatives
of the Parties, are subject to this MOU. Implementing arrangements
include amendments to any existing arrangements that may be agreed
between the Parties in the course of their Space Station cooperation
under this MOU.
1.2. The specific objectives of this MOU are:
- to provide the basis for cooperation between NASA and CSA in
the detailed design, development, operation and utilization of
the permanently inhabited civil international Space Station for
peaceful purposes, in accordance with international law;
- to detail the roles and responsibilities of NASA and CSA, taking
into account the roles and responsibilities of ESA, the GOJ and
RSA in the detailed design, development, operation and utilization
of the Space Station and also to record the commitments of NASA
and CSA to each other and to ESA, RSA and the GOJ;
- to establish the management structure and interfaces necessary
to ensure effective planning and coordination in the conduct of
the detailed design, development, operation and utilization of
the Space Station;
- to provide a basis for cooperation that maximizes the total
capability of the Space Station to accommodate user needs and
that ensures that the Space Station is operated in a manner that
is safe, efficient and effective for both Space Station users
and Space Station operators; and
- to provide a general description of the Space Station and the
elements comprising it.
2.1. NASA, CSA, the GOJ, ESA, and RSA will join their efforts,
under the lead role of NASA for overall management and coordination,
to create an integrated international Space Station (hereinafter
"the Space Station"). NASA and RSA, drawing on their
extensive experience in human space flight, will produce elements
which serve as the foundation for the Space Station. The GOJ and
ESA will produce elements that will significantly enhance the
Space Station's capabilities. CSA's contribution will be an essential
part of the Space Station.
2.2. The Space Station will be a unique, permanently inhabited
multi-use facility in low Earth orbit, with flight elements provided
by all the partners and Space Station-unique ground elements to
support the operation and utilization of the elements on orbit.
2.3. The Space Station will enable its users to take advantage
of human ingenuity in connection with its low-gravity environment,
the near-perfect vacuum of space and the vantage point for observing
the Earth and the rest of the Universe. Specifically, the Space
Station and its evolutionary additions could provide for a variety
of capabilities, for example:
- a laboratory in space, for the conduct of science and applications
and the development of new technologies;
- a permanent observatory in high-inclination orbit, from which
to observe Earth, the Solar System and the rest of the Universe;
- a transportation node where payloads and vehicles are stationed,
assembled, processed and deployed to their destination;
- a servicing capability from which payloads and vehicles are
maintained, repaired, replenished and refurbished;
- an assembly capability from which large space structures and
systems are assembled and verified;
- a research and technology capability in space, where the unique
space environment enhances commercial opportunities and encourages
commercial investment in space;
- a storage depot for consumables, payloads and spares; and
- a staging base for possible future missions, such as a permanent
lunar base, a human mission to Mars, robotic planetary probes,
a human mission to survey the asteroids, and a scientific and
communications facility in geosynchronous orbit.
3.1. The Space Station will consist of elements provided by the
partners comprising both flight elements and Space Station-unique
ground elements. The elements are summarized in the Annex to the
Intergovernmental Agreement and are further elaborated in this
Article. Their requirements are defined and controlled in appropriate
program documentation as provided for in Article 7.
3.2. NASA Space Station Flight Elements: NASA will design, develop
and provide on-orbit the following flight elements including subsystems,
the U.S. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) system, flight software
and spares as required:
- one permanently attached Habitation Module with complete basic
functional outfitting to support habitation for four crew members,
including primary storage of crew provisions and the health maintenance
system;
- one permanently attached multipurpose Laboratory Module, located
so as to contain the optimum microgravity environment of the Space
Station payload accommodations, with complete basic functional
outfitting, including accommodations for International Standard
Payload Racks and provisions for storage of NASA spares, and secondary
storage of crew provisions;
- one permanently attached Centrifuge Accommodation Module, with
complete basic functional outfitting, a centrifuge rotor, and
accommodations for International Standard Payload Racks which
will contain a glovebox and specimen habitats;
- three Nodes which provide pressurized volume for crew and equipment
and connections between Space Station pressurized elements;
- Truss Assembly which provides Space Station structure for attaching
elements and systems;
- four accommodation sites for external payloads attached to the
Space Station Truss Assembly;
- Solar Photovoltaic Power Modules and associated power distribution
and conditioning equipment which serve as the primary Space Station
electrical power source, providing an average of 75kW;
- one FGB Energy Block, a self-sufficient orbital transfer vehicle
which contains propulsion, guidance, navigation and control, communications,
electrical power, thermal control systems, and stowage capacity
(hereinafter "FGB");
- one airlock for purposes of crew and equipment transfer with
the capability to accommodate U.S. and Russian space suits;
- crew rescue vehicle with capabilities to support the rescue
and return of a minimum of four crew;
- logistics carriers which provide the delivery of water, atmospheric
gases and crew supplies and delivery and return of dry cargo,
including crew supplies, logistics and scientific equipment; and
- one Mobile Transporter (MT) which will serve to provide translation
capability for the Mobile Servicing Center (MSC).
3.3. Canadian Space Station Flight Elements: The Canadian elements
will be developed to play the predominant role in satisfying the
following functions for the Space Station:
- attached payload servicing (external);
- Space Station assembly;
- Space Station maintenance (external);
- transportation on Space Station;
- deployment, retrieval and berthing; and
- EVA support.
3.3.a. CSA will design, develop and provide the following flight
elements of the Mobile Servicing System, including subsystems,
flight software and agreed spares as required:
- The Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS);
- The Mobile Remote Servicer Base System (MBS); and
- One Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM).
The SSRMS, the MBS and the NASA-provided Mobile Transporter comprise
the Mobile Servicing Center (MSC). The MSC together with the SPDM
comprise the Mobile Servicing System (MSS).
3.4. ESA, RSA and the GOJ Space Station Flight Elements: As reflected
in the MOU between NASA and ESA and in the MOU between NASA and
the GOJ and the MOU between NASA and RSA:
3.4.a. ESA Space Station Flight Elements: ESA will design, develop
and provide on orbit the following flight elements including subsystems,
flight software and spares as required:
- one European pressurized laboratory permanently attached to
the Space Station, with complete basic functional outfitting including
accommodations for International Standard Payload Racks and accommodations
for external payloads, and provisions for storage of ESA spares
and secondary storage of crew provisions;
- logistics carriers which provide system operations support,
user logistics and on-orbit supply; and
- orbital transfer vehicles which provide thrust capability for
orbit adjustments (reboost).
3.4.b. The GOJ Space Station Flight Elements: The GOJ will design,
develop and provide on orbit the following flight elements including
subsystems, flight software and spares as required:
- One Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), a permanently attached
multipurpose research and development laboratory, consisting of
a pressurized module, an Exposed Facility and at least two Experiment
Logistic Modules, and including a scientific equipment airlock,
the JEM remote manipulator and IVA control/monitoring of the JEM
Remote Manipulator System (JEM-RMS), with complete basic functional
outfitting, including accommodations for International Standard
Payload Racks and provisions for storage of the GOJ spares and
secondary storage of crew provisions; and
- logistics carriers which provide system operations support,
user logistics and on-orbit supply.
3.4.c. RSA Space Station Flight Elements: RSA will design, develop
and provide on orbit the following flight elements including subsystems,
the RSA Extravehicular Activity (EVA) system, flight software
and spares as required:
- Service Module providing a capability for attitude control and
reboost with complete basic functional outfitting to support habitation
of three crew members;
- two Life Support Modules to accommodate additional equipment
to support Space Station crew and supplement the life support
functions present in the Service Module;
- two Docking Compartments to support EVA for assembly and operations;
- Universal Docking Module, which includes gyrodynes to provide
docking and pressurized access to the Russian elements and a capability
to support research activities;
- Science Power Platform which will provide an average of 19 kW
and which includes Autonomous Thrusting Facilities, power distribution
and conditioning equipment, accommodation sites for external
payloads and a remote manipulator system;
- two Research Modules with a complete set of equipment to support
research activities;
- Soyuz TM vehicle to provide on-orbit shelter, crew rescue and
emergency crew return functions in accordance with technical capabilities
of one permanently docked Soyuz TM vehicle;
- Progress vehicle to provide Space Station reboost capabilities
and delivery of infrastructure elements, propellant, water, atmospheric
gases and delivery and return of dry cargo, including crew supplies,
logistics and scientific equipment; and
- Docking and Stowage Module to accommodate additional stowage
and support Soyuz docking.
3.5. Space Station-unique ground elements will be provided by NASA, CSA and the other partners. These elements will be adequate to support the detailed design and development (including assembly and verification), the continuing operation and the full international utilization of each partner's flight elements listed above. The requirements for these elements will be defined and controlled in appropriate program documentation as provided for in
Article 7.
3.5.a. NASA will provide the following Space Station-unique ground
elements: equipment required for specialized or unique integration
or, as the case may be, for launch or return to Earth; ground
support equipment (GSE) and flight support equipment (FSE) including
necessary logistics; engineering support centers and user support
centers; test equipment, mock-ups, simulators, crew training equipment,
software and any facilities necessary to house these items; the
Space Station Control Center (SSCC); the Payload Operations Integration
Center (POIC); the Space Station Training Facility (SSTF); Space
Station verification and test facilities; subsystem testbeds;
and elements related to logistics support and to software development,
integration, test and verification.
3.5.b. As will be agreed and documented in the program documentation
as provided for in Article 7, CSA will provide the following Space
Station-unique ground elements: equipment required for specialized
or unique integration or, as the case may be, for launch or return
to Earth; GSE and agreed FSE including necessary logistics;
operations support centers; engineering support centers;
and test equipment, mock-ups; simulators, facilities, crew training
equipment and software, and any facilities required to house these
items.
3.5.c. As reflected in the MOU between NASA and the GOJ and in
the MOU between NASA and ESA, and in the MOU between NASA and
RSA, the GOJ, RSA and ESA will provide, the following Space Station-unique
ground elements: equipment required for specialized or unique
integration or, as the case may be, for launch or return to Earth;
GSE and FSE including necessary logistics; operations control
centers, including, in the case of RSA, Mission Control Center-Moscow,
engineering support centers and user support centers; and test
equipment, mock-ups; simulators, crew training equipment, software
and any facilities necessary to house these items.
4.1. NASA and CSA will each assure access to and use of their
Space Station flight elements listed in Article 3.
4.2. The partners' utilization of flight elements listed in Article
3 will be equitable, as provided in the allocation commitments
set forth in Article 8 of this MOU and of the corresponding MOU
between NASA and ESA and the MOU between NASA and the GOJ and
the MOU between NASA and RSA. Beyond these allocation commitments,
the capabilities of the Space Station will be made available to
the partners subject to specific arrangements between the relevant
partners.
4.3. In accordance with the procedures in Article 8, NASA and
CSA will each assure access to and use of their Space Station-unique
ground elements referred to in Article 3.5 by each other and the
other partners in order to support fully the utilization of the
flight elements in accordance with the Consolidated Operations
and Utilization Plan provided for in Article 8.1.c. As provided
in Article 8, NASA and CSA will each also assure access to and
use of their Space Station-unique ground elements by each other
and the other partners for system operations support.
4.4. As requested by either Party for its detailed design and
development activities, access to and use of the Space Station-unique
ground elements provided by either Party will be granted on a
space-available basis and subject to specific arrangements.
5.1. The Space Station programs of NASA and CSA each include detailed
design and development. The NASA and CSA programs also include
Space Station operation and utilization. Because of the extended
period required to assemble the Space Station, detailed design
and development activities will overlap operation and utilization
activities. After the completion of detailed design and development
which includes assembly of the Space Station and one year of initial
operational verification (hereinafter "detailed design and
development"), mature operations and utilization will begin.
5.2. Major target milestones for the Space Station are as follows:
- First NASA-provided Space Station Element (launched by RSA)
1998
- Permanent Human Presence Capability 1999
(habitation and crew rescue capability for three crew)
- NASA-provided Laboratory Module launch 1999
- CSA Space Station Remote Manipulator System launch 1999
- NASA Mobile Transporter launch 2000
- CSA Mobile Remote Servicer Base System launch 2000
- CSA Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator launch 2002
- Assembly Complete 2003
(assembly of all permanently attached elements listed in Article
3)
- Initiation of Mature Operations and Utilization 2004
5.3. NASA and CSA will develop, maintain and exchange coordinated
implementation schedules. These schedules, including the dates
for the above milestones, the delivery dates for the CSA-provided
elements and the NASA-provided elements, and the assembly sequence
for all elements of the Space Station, will be updated as necessary
and formally controlled as described in Article 7.
6.1. NASA Responsibilities
6.1.a. While undertaking activities related to the detailed design
and development of the Space Station elements described in Articles
3.2 and 3.5.a, and within the scope of the Parties' responsibilities
established elsewhere in this MOU, NASA will:
1. provide overall program management and coordination for detailed
design and development of an integrated Space Station and manage
the detailed design and development of the NASA-provided elements;
2. participate with CSA and the other partners in Space Station
program management mechanisms as provided in Articles 7 and 8;
3. perform overall system engineering and integration, with participation
of CSA and the other partners as necessary, which includes integrated
risk management activities, and perform system engineering and
integration and risk management for NASA-provided elements;
4. establish in Canada and accommodate in the U.S. agreed liaison
personnel as provided in Article 7.3;
5. provide regular progress and status information on overall
Space Station and NASA Space Station program activities and plans
in accordance with the documents described in Article 7.2;
6. conduct overall Space Station technical reviews, including
integrated design, critical design, design certification, safety
and mission assurance, operations readiness and flight readiness
reviews, in order for NASA to certify, following the certifications
at element level by each partner for the element it provides,
that all Space Station infrastructure and accommodations elements
to be launched on the Space Shuttle are acceptable for launch,
on-orbit assembly and orbital operations and accommodate CSA representation
as necessary for NASA and CSA to fulfill their respective responsibilities
under this MOU;
7. conduct for the elements it provides: technical reviews, including
integrated design, critical design, safety and mission assurance
and other reviews as set forth in the documents described in Article
7.2; and provide for CSA and other partner participation as necessary
for NASA and CSA to fulfill their respective responsibilities
under this MOU;
8. provide for CSA participation in other partners' technical
reviews as necessary for NASA and CSA to fulfill their respective
responsibilities under this MOU;
9. participate in, as appropriate, and provide information as
necessary for CSA to conduct the reviews identified in Article
6.2.a.6;
10. provide to CSA program, systems requirements, technical interface,
systems design and systems operations information necessary for
the integration of the CSA-provided elements described in Articles
3.3 and 3.5 into the Space Station and/or the integrated operation
and utilization of the CSA-provided elements;
11. develop, with CSA, the agreed documentation described in Article
7.2;
12. establish, in consultation with CSA and the other partners,
information format and communication standards for a technical
and management information system, and establish and maintain
a computerized technical and management information system. This
system is to work in conjunction with a compatible CSA computerized
information system in accordance with the principles outlined
in documents described in Article 7.2;
13. establish, in consultation with the other partners, verification,
safety, and mission assurance requirements and plans in accordance
with Article 10;
14. perform ground integration tests as necessary to assure on-orbit
compatibility and perform verification and acceptance tests for
the flight elements in Article 3.2 and accommodate CSA representation
at such tests as necessary for NASA and CSA to fulfill their respective
responsibilities under this MOU;
15. ensure that the NASA-provided elements comply with overall
Space Station requirements; confirm that CSA-provided elements
comply with overall Space Station program requirements; and maintain,
and provide to CSA on request, ground verification test procedures
and results that are required to verify that the interfaces of
the NASA-provided elements and the CSA-provided elements are as
set forth in the documents described in Article 7.2;
16. provide necessary ground and flight support equipment and
related spares for each NASA-provided flight element; provide
the carrier to orbit and other agreed flight support equipment
for the CSA-provided flight elements as set forth in the documents
described in Article 7.2; and perform qualification and acceptance
tests of this equipment according to Space Station program requirements
and interfaces as set forth in the documents described in Article
7.2;
17. provide spares for the NASA-provided flight elements
as required to support assembly and initial operational verification
as set forth in the documents described in Article 7.2 and as
agreed to in implementing arrangements;
18. establish Space Station software standards together with CSA
and the other partners and, as set forth in the documents described
in Article 7.2, develop necessary hardware and software for software
production, develop flight and ground software related to elements
it provides in accordance with the established standards, and
develop a software integration, test and verification capability
for the NASA-provided elements and the Space Station program;
19. develop, in consultation with CSA and the other partners,
an architecture for the end-to-end data transmission between data
sources on the Space Station and the data users, including real-time
user commands;
20. provide a basic operational communications capability between
the Space Station Control Center (SSCC) and CSA's Space Operations
Support Center to support Space Station operational requirements;
21. establish the SSCC, the Payload Operations Integration Center
(POIC) and engineering and user support centers as provided in
Articles 3 and 8;
22. develop with CSA, together with the other partners, crew health
and medical care policies and procedures in accordance with Article
11;
23. develop an integrated logistics support system for the NASA-provided
flight elements; and an integrated logistics management capability
for the Space Station Program, including resupply, on-board maintenance
and inventory integration, as set forth in the documents described
in Article 7.2;
24. establish, with participation of CSA and other partners, integrated
traffic plans for the Space Station in accordance with Articles
7, 8, 11 and 12;
25. develop and provide to the System Operations Panel described
in Article 8 baseline operations plans, and logistics and maintenance
plans for the NASA-provided elements describing routine systems
capabilities and defining maintenance requirements, including
logistics requirements, necessary for sustaining their functional
performance;
26. develop and deliver on orbit the MSS Robotic Work Station
based on requirements jointly established with CSA in accordance
with the agreed assembly sequence and assist CSA with the
integration of the MSS Robotic Work Station with the MSS;
and
27. provide for the storage of the CSA-provided flight elements,
and associated ground support equipment, prior to their launch.
6.1.b. While undertaking activities related to assembly, operations
and utilization of the Space Station, and within the scope of
the Parties' responsibilities established elsewhere in this MOU,
NASA will:
1. participate in Space Station management mechanisms and development
of documentation as provided in Articles 7 and 8, and in the sharing
of Space Station operations responsibilities as provided in Article
9;
2. maintain overall systems engineering, integration, risk management
and overall operations support capability for Space Station operations
and utilization with participation of CSA and the other partners
as necessary, and maintain systems engineering, integration, risk
management and operations support capability for operations and
utilization of the NASA-provided elements;
3. provide, for the NASA-provided elements, sustaining
engineering, spares, operations support, training and logistics
support;
4. ensure that the NASA-provided elements comply with overall
Space Station program requirements; confirm that CSA-provided
elements comply with overall Space Station program requirements;
and maintain, and provide to CSA on request, on-orbit verification
test procedures and results that are required to verify that the
interfaces of the NASA-provided elements and the CSA-provided
elements are as set forth in the documents described in Article
7.2;
5. maintain Space Station software standards together with CSA
and the other partners, maintain necessary hardware and software
for software production, maintain flight and ground software related
to the elements it provides, and maintain a software integration,
test and verification capability for the NASA-provided elements
and the Space Station program;
6. provide the basic operational communications capability described
in 6.1.a.20;
7. maintain and operate the SSCC, the POIC, and engineering and
user support centers as provided in Articles 3 and 8 and support
integrated Space Station command and control functions;
8. maintain with CSA, together with the other partners, crew health
and medical care policies and procedures and support provision
of Space Station crew health in accordance with Article 11;
9. maintain the integrated logistics support system and the integrated
logistics management capability described in Article 6.1.a.23;
10. maintain with the other partners, integrated traffic plans
for the Space Station in accordance with Articles 7, 8, 11 and
12;
11. deliver on-orbit the CSA-provided flight elements in accordance
with Article 12 and the assembly sequence controlled by appropriate
program documents as described in Article 7.2; assemble on-orbit
Space Station elements, including the flight elements that CSA
will provide, with assistance from CSA, in accordance with agreed
assembly, activation and verification plans;
12. assist in the on-orbit activation and performance verification
of the CSA-provided elements in accordance with agreed assembly,
activation and verification plans;
13. provide logistics flights for the NASA-provided elements,
for the elements provided by the other partners and for Space
Station as a whole, in accordance with Articles 9 and 12;
14. provide or arrange crew rotation in accordance with the documents
described in Articles 7, 8 and 9 and implementing arrangements,
to support Space Station crew flight opportunities as described
in Article 11. Specific assignments of crew members to specific
vehicles will be made in accordance with the traffic planning
process described in Article 8;
15. provide or arrange for provision of crew rescue capability;
16. arrange with RSA for provision of RSA-generated electrical
power and augment RSA-generated electrical power, in accordance
with agreed power transfer schedules and provide electrical power
to RSA on a contingency basis thereafter, to maintain essential
RSA-provided flight element core systems;
17. provide or arrange for provision of reboost and non-propulsive
attitude control;
18. deliver or arrange for delivery of on-orbit propellant for
reboost and propulsive attitude control;
19. provide the Space Station Training Facility (SSTF) and additional
training facilities to accommodate element-specific training for
NASA-provided elements and integrated flight crew and ground controller
multi-segment training;
20. provide simulators, training materials and documentation for
NASA-provided elements for integration into CSA's element-specific
training facilities and equipment of CSA-provided elements as
set forth in the documents described in Article 7.2;
21. integrate CSA-provided flight software and simulation models,
training materials and documentation for CSA-provided elements
into NASA training facilities;
22. provide for NASA, CSA, and other partners' crew members and
ground support personnel: element-specific training for
NASA-provided elements and multi-segment training consistent with
the agreed upon overall Space Station training flow and curriculum.
The fidelity of this training will be sufficient to ensure the
capability to perform all anticipated tasks;
23. support training at the other partners' facilities as agreed,
consistent with the agreed upon overall Space Station training
flow and curriculum;
24. provide necessary on-orbit storage of spares for the CSA-provided
flight elements;
25. provide standard Space Shuttle launch processing and launch
and return services for spares for the CSA-provided flight elements
as agreed in implementing arrangements;
26. provide repair and overhaul, and follow-on spares for
CSA-provided flight elements as set forth in the documents
described in Articles 7.2 and 8 and in implementing arrangements;
27. work with CSA and the other partners to prepare and implement
plans for the integration and operation of user activities in
the Space Station Consolidated Operations and Utilization Plan
described in Article 8; and
28. provide user integration support and user operations support
in accordance with Article 8.3.
6.2. CSA Responsibilities
6.2.a. While undertaking activities related to the detailed design
and development of the Space Station elements described in Articles
3.3 and 3.5.b, and within the scope of the Parties' responsibilities
established elsewhere in this MOU, CSA will:
1. support the overall program management and coordination for
detailed design and development of an integrated Space Station
and manage the detailed design and development of the CSA-provided
elements;
2. participate with NASA and the other partners in Space Station
program management mechanisms as provided in Articles 7 and 8;
3. support the overall system engineering and integration, which
includes integrated risk management activities, and perform system
engineering and integration and risk management for the CSA-provided
elements, including the end-to-end system engineering and integration
of the MSS with the overall Space Station;
4. establish in the U.S. and accommodate in Canada agreed liaison
personnel as provided in Article 7.3;
5. provide regular progress and status information on CSA Space
Station program activities and plans in accordance with the documents
described in Article 7.2;
6. conduct for the elements it provides: technical reviews, including
integrated design, critical design, safety and mission assurance
and other reviews as set forth in the documents described in Article
7.2; and provide for NASA and other partner participation as necessary
for NASA and CSA to fulfill their respective responsibilities
under this MOU;
7. participate in, as appropriate, and provide information necessary
for ESA, the GOJ or RSA to conduct reviews described in Article
6.1.a.8;
8. participate in, as appropriate, and provide information as
necessary for NASA to conduct the reviews identified in Articles
6.1.a.6 and 6.1.a.7;
9. provide to NASA program, system requirements, technical interface,
systems design and systems operations information necessary for
assessment of the impact of CSA-provided elements on the Space
Station configuration and/or on the integrated operation and utilization
of the Space Station and necessary to integrate those elements
into the Space Station;
10. develop, with NASA, the agreed documentation described in
Article 7.2;
11. establish and maintain, in accordance with the principles
outlined in the documents described in Article 7.2, a compatible
computerized technical and management information system to work
in conjunction with the compatible NASA computerized information
system referred to in Article 6.1.a.12;
12. establish in consultation with the other partners, verification,
safety, and mission assurance requirements and plans in accordance
with Article 10;
13. perform ground integration tests as necessary to assure on-orbit
compatibility and perform verification and acceptance tests for
the flight elements in Article 3.3 and accommodate NASA representation
at such tests as necessary for NASA and CSA to fulfill their respective
responsibilities under this MOU;
14. ensure that the CSA-provided elements comply with overall
Space Station program requirements; and maintain, and provide
to NASA on request, ground verification test procedures and results
that are required to verify that the interfaces of the NASA-provided
elements and the CSA-provided elements are as set forth in the
documents described in Article 7;
15. provide necessary ground and agreed flight support equipment
and related spares for each CSA-provided flight element and flight
spares as set forth in the documents described in Article 7.2;
and perform qualification and acceptance tests of this equipment
according to Space Station program requirements and interfaces
as set forth in the documents described in Article 7.2;
16. provide agreed spares for the CSA-provided flight elements
as required to support assembly and initial operational verification
as set forth in the documents described in Article 7.2;
17. support the establishment of Space Station software standards
in accordance with the documents described in Article 7.2, develop
necessary hardware and software for software production, and develop
flight and ground software related to elements it provides in
accordance with the established standards to work in conjunction
with the Space Station program software integration, test and
verification capability;
18. support the development, with NASA and the other partners,
of an architecture for the end-to-end data transmission between
data sources on the Space Station and data users, including real-time
user commands;
19. provide, with the exception of the basic operational communications
capability provided by NASA as described in Article 6.1.a.20,
any additional communications capability necessary for CSA to
support CSA's unique requirements;
20. establish in Canada operations and engineering support centers,
and the MSS Operations and Training Simulator (MOTS) and training
facilities, for the CSA-provided flight elements as provided for
in Articles 3 and 8;
21. develop with NASA, together with the other partners, crew
health and medical care policies and procedures in accordance
with Article 11;
22. develop an integrated logistics support system for the CSA-provided
flight elements and support the development of the integrated
logistics management capability for the Space Station program,
including resupply, on-board maintenance and inventory integration,
in accordance with the documents described in Article 7.2;
23. support establishment of integrated traffic plans for the
Space Station in accordance with Articles 7, 8, 11 and 12;
24. develop and provide to the System Operations Panel described
in Article 8 baseline operations plans, and logistics and maintenance
plans for the CSA-provided elements describing routine systems
capabilities and defining maintenance requirements, including
logistics requirements, necessary for sustaining their functional
performance;
25. establish, jointly with NASA, requirements for the NASA-provided
Robotic Work Station for the CSA-provided flight elements;
26. deliver the CSA-provided flight elements and associated ground
support equipment to a location in the USA, as agreed with NASA,
as set forth in the documents described in Article 7; and
27. design elements to be compatible with the Space Shuttle and
in accordance with the documents described in Article 7.2.
6.2.b. While undertaking activities related to assembly, operations
and utilization of the Space Station, and within the scope of
the Parties' responsibilities established elsewhere in this MOU,
CSA will:
1. participate in Space Station management mechanisms and development
of documentation as provided in Articles 7 and 8, and in the sharing
of Space Station operations responsibilities as provided in Article
9;
2. support NASA's overall role described in Article 6.1.b.2, and
maintain systems engineering, integration, risk management and
operations support capability for operations and utilization of
the CSA-provided elements;
3. provide, for the CSA-provided elements, sustaining engineering,
operations support, training, logistics support, and spares as
set forth in the documents described in Articles 7.2 and 8 and
as agreed in implementing arrangements;
4. ensure that the CSA-provided elements comply with overall Space
Station program requirements; and maintain, and provide to NASA
on request, on-orbit verification test procedures and results
that are required to verify that the interfaces of the NASA-provided
elements and the CSA-provided elements are as set forth in the
documents described in Article 7.2;
5. support maintenance of Space Station software standards; support
maintenance of software integration, test and verification capability
for the Space Station program; maintain necessary hardware and
software for software production; and maintain flight and ground
software related to the elements it provides to work in conjunction
with the Space Station program software integration, test and
verification capability;
6. provide any additional communications capability as described
in 6.2.a.19;
7. maintain and operate the operations and engineering support
centers and the MOTS for the CSA-provided flight elements as provided
for in Articles 3 and 8;
8. maintain with NASA, together with the other partners, crew
health and medical care policies and procedures and support provision
of Space Station crew health in accordance with Article 11;
9. maintain the integrated logistics support system described
in 6.2.a.22 and support the integrated logistics management capability
described in Article 6.1.a.23;
10. support the maintenance of integrated traffic plans for the
Space Station in accordance with Articles 7, 8, 11 and 12;
11. assist in the assembly of the CSA-provided elements in accordance
with agreed assembly, activation and verification plans;
12. activate on-orbit and verify performance of the CSA-provided
elements, with assistance from NASA, in accordance with agreed
assembly, activation and verification plans;
13. arrange for logistics flights for the CSA-provided elements
in accordance with Articles 9 and 12;
14. support crew rotation in accordance with the documents described
in Articles 7, 8 and 9 and implementing arrangements, to support
Space Station crew flight opportunities as described in Article
11. Specific assignments of crew members to specific vehicles
will be made in accordance with the traffic planning process described
in Article 8;
15. maintain and operate training facilities in Canada to accommodate
element-specific training for CSA-provided elements;
16. provide flight software and simulation models, training materials
and documentation for CSA-provided elements for integration into
NASA's training facilities in accordance with the documents described
in Article 7.2;
17. integrate NASA-provided simulators, training materials and
documentation for NASA-provided elements into the CSA training
facilities;
18. provide for NASA, and other partners' crew members and ground
support personnel in Canada element-specific training
for CSA-provided elements consistent with the agreed upon overall
Space Station training flow and curriculum. The fidelity of this
training will be sufficient to ensure the capability to perform
all anticipated tasks;
19. support training at the other partners' facilities as agreed,
consistent with the agreed upon overall Space Station training
flow and curriculum, in accordance with documents described in
Article 7.2;
20. work with NASA and the other partners to prepare and implement
plans for the integration and operation of user activities in
the Space Station Consolidated Operations and Utilization Plan
described in Article 8; and,
21. provide user integration support and user operations support
in accordance with Article 8.3.
7.1. Management/Reviews
7.1.a. NASA and CSA are each responsible for the management of
their respective Space Station detailed design and development
activities consistent with the provisions of this MOU. This Article
establishes the management mechanisms to coordinate the respective
Space Station detailed design and development activities of NASA
and CSA, to establish applicable requirements, to assure safe
operations, to establish the interfaces between the Space Station
elements, to review decisions, to establish schedules, to review
the status of activities, to report progress and to resolve issues
and technical problems as they arise.
7.1.b. The NASA/CSA Program Coordination Committee (PCC), co-chaired
by designated NASA and CSA representatives, will meet periodically
throughout the lifetime of the program or promptly at the request
of either Party to review the Parties' respective detailed design
and development activities. The Co-Chairmen will together take
those decisions necessary to assure implementation of the cooperative
detailed design and development activities related to Space Station
flight elements and to Space Station-unique ground elements provided
by the Parties, including, as appropriate, activities related
to design changes of the Parties' flight elements during mature
operations and utilization. In taking decisions regarding detailed
design and development, the NASA-CSA PCC will consider operation
and utilization impacts, and will also consider detailed design
and development recommendations from the Multilateral Coordination
Board described in Article 8.1.b. However, decisions regarding
operation and utilization activities will be taken in accordance
with Article 8. The Co-Chairmen will each designate their respective
members and will decide on the location of meetings. If the Co-Chairmen
agree that a specific detailed design and development issue or
decision requires consideration by another partner at the PCC
level, the NASA/CSA PCC may meet jointly with the NASA/ESA PCC
and/or NASA/GOJ PCC and/or the NASA/RSA PCC.
7.1.c. Bilateral/Multilateral Program Reviews will be held as
necessary at which the designated representatives of NASA, CSA,
and the other partners as appropriate, will report progress and
discuss the status of their detailed design and development program
activities. The Bilateral Program Reviews will be held as mutually
agreed and will be co-chaired by NASA and CSA. The Multilateral
Program Reviews will meet as necessary at the request of any partner
and will be organized by NASA. Less formal status reviews and
technical meetings will be held as necessary; representatives
of the partners will attend these reviews and meetings.
7.1.d. Space Station requirements, configuration, including assembly
sequence, integrated traffic planning, allocation of housekeeping
resources for design purposes, and definition of element interfaces;
through the completion of assembly and initial operational verification
and any related Space Station configuration activities will be
controlled by the Space Station Control Board (SSCB) chaired by
NASA. The CSA will be a member of the SSCB, and of such subordinate
boards thereof as may be agreed, attending and participating when
CSA decides it is appropriate and whenever these boards consider
items which affect the CSA-provided elements, interfaces between
NASA-provided and CSA-provided elements, interfaces between the
CSA-provided elements and the Shuttle, interfaces between the
CSA-provided elements and other partner-provided elements, or
the accommodation of the Composite Utilization Plan and the Composite
Operations Plan described in Article 8. Decisions by the SSCB
Chairman may be appealed to the NASA-CSA PCC, although it is the
duty of the SSCB Chairman to make every effort to reach consensus
with CSA and the other partners rather than have issues referred
to the PCC level. Such appeals will be made and processed expeditiously.
Pending resolution of appeals, CSA need not proceed with an SSCB
decision as far as its provided elements are concerned. NASA may,
however, proceed with an SSCB decision as far as its provided
elements are concerned. Additional details regarding appeals to
the NASA-CSA PCC are contained in the Joint Program Plan described
below. NASA will be a member of the CSA Space Station control
board (or its equivalent) chaired by CSA, and of such subordinate
boards thereof as may be agreed, attending and participating as
appropriate.
7.1.e. CSA will participate in selected NASA reviews on Space Station requirements, architecture and interfaces as defined in the Joint Management Plan (JMP) described in
Article 7.2.b. These reviews are program level reviews which assure
that the Space Station Program is progressing in accordance with
relevant program documentation. Similarly, NASA will participate
in selected CSA reviews as defined in the JMP; the other partners
will participate as appropriate.
7.1.f. Through participation in the management mechanisms, NASA
and CSA agree to achieve commonality on the Space Station as required
by the overall Space Station safety requirements as defined pursuant
to Article 10. NASA and CSA also agree to work through the management
mechanisms in order to establish standard interfaces if necessary
for Space Station users in the permanently attached pressurized
laboratories. Exceptions to these requirements for commonality
may be agreed on a case-by-case basis between NASA and CSA. In
addition, NASA and CSA will work through the above management
mechanism to seek agreement on a case-by-case basis regarding
the use of interchangeable hardware and software in order to promote
efficient and effective Space Station operations, including reducing
the burden on the Space Station logistics system.
7.2. Program Documentation
7.2.a. A Joint Program Plan for detailed design and development
signed by the designated representatives of NASA and CSA will
cover the interrelationship between the CSA program and the overall
program, the NASA-CSA top-level requirements including schedule,
management relationships, NASA-CSA Space Station organizational
structures and additional details regarding appeals to the NASA-CSA
PCC. Any modification to the JPP will be approved by the PCC.
7.2.b. The Joint Management Plan (JMP) defines the programmatic
and technical coordination processes and jointly developed documentation
used by NASA and CSA for all Space Station design development
and implementation activities. The JMP and all changes to the
plan will be jointly signed by the designated representatives
of NASA and CSA.
7.2.c. The Concept of Operations and Utilization (COU) document
is the source of information which describes how the Space Station
operates and is operated. The content of the document will be
consistent with the tasks and products produced or prepared by
the partners. This document, during the detailed design and development
phase of the program, is under the control of the SSCB. However,
decisions regarding operation and utilization activities will
be taken in accordance with Article 8.
7.2.d. NASA, in conjunction with the other partners, develops
an overall Space Station Systems Specification based on information
provided by all partners which contains the performance and design
requirements for the Space Station flight element and ground facilities
hardware and software and provides the technical basis for overall
conduct of Space Station detailed design and development activities.
The Systems Specification, approved by the SSCB, contains the
requirements related to all partners' elements. Any modification
to the Systems Specification will be approved by the SSCB. The
Systems Specification also includes NASA-CSA joint requirements.
This section will be jointly-signed by the designated representatives
of NASA and CSA.
7.2.e. NASA and CSA will develop a jointly-signed MSS Segment
Specification that meets the requirements of the Systems Specification.
CSA will develop element specifications for CSA hardware/software
and these specifications will meet the requirements in the jointly
signed Segment Specification and the Space Station Systems Specification.
7.2.f. NASA and CSA will jointly develop and sign Interface Control
Documents (ICDs) which control interfaces: between the flight
elements comprising infrastructural elements and the flight elements
comprising accommodations elements as defined in Article 8.1.d;
between the flight elements comprising infrastructural elements;
and, as appropriate, between any other flight elements; between
flight and ground elements; or among ground elements. Any modifications
or any additions to the ICDs will occur through the SSCB-approved
process. NASA will also develop a Baseline Configuration Document
(BCD), based on information provided by all the partners, which
will be the reference document reflecting the configuration of
the Space Station.
7.3. Liaison. The NASA Space Station Program Office and the CSA
are responsible for NASA/CSA technical liaison activities. In
order to facilitate the working relationship between the NASA
Space Station Program Office and CSA, CSA will provide, and NASA
will accommodate, CSA liaison to the NASA Space Station Program
Office. Similarly, NASA will provide and CSA will provide support
for accommodation of NASA liaison to the CSA. CSA may also provide
additional representation to NASA Headquarters in Washington,
D.C., to further facilitate the program working relationships.
Arrangements specifying all conditions relating to the liaison
relationships will be agreed and jointly-signed by the Co-Chairmen
of the NASA-CSA PCC.
8.1. General
8.1.a. NASA will have the responsibility for the overall management
and coordination, through the management mechanisms established
in this Article, of the operation of the Space Station, including
Earth-to-orbit vehicle access in accordance with Articles 4.1
and 12. NASA and CSA each have responsibilities regarding the
management of their respective operations and utilization activities
and the overall Space Station operations and utilization activities,
in accordance with the provisions of this MOU. Operations and
utilization activities will comprise long-range planning and top-level
management and coordination, which will be performed by the strategic-level
organizations; detailed planning and support to the strategic-level
organizations which will be performed by the tactical-level organizations;
and implementation of these plans which will be performed by the
execution-level organizations.
8.1.b. A Multilateral Coordination Board (MCB) meets periodically
over the lifetime of the program or promptly at the request of
any partner with the task to ensure coordination of the activities
of the partners related to the operation and utilization of the
Space Station. The Parties to this MOU and the other partners
will plan and coordinate activities affecting the safe, efficient
and effective operation and utilization of the Space Station through
the MCB, except as otherwise specifically provided in this MOU.
The MCB comprises representatives of NASA, RSA, ESA, STA and CSA.
The NASA representative will chair the MCB. The Parties agree
that all MCB decisions should be made by consensus. Where consensus
cannot be achieved on any specific issue within the purview of
the MCB within the time required, the Chairman is authorized to
take decisions. Nothing in this paragraph shall, however, affect
the rights of any partner to use the consultation and settlement
of disputes provisions of Article 18. Pending resolution of the
issues through consultations, in accordance with the mechanism
established in Article 18, a partner has the right not to proceed
with implementation of a decision with respect to its elements.
If consensus cannot be achieved on issues not primarily technical
or programmatic in nature, including such issues with a political
aspect, the consultations and settlement of disputes provisions
of Article 18 only will apply. The Parties agree that, in order
to protect the interests of all partners in the program, the operation
and utilization of the Space Station will be most successful when
consensus is reached and when the affected partners' interest
are taken into account. MCB decisions will not modify rights of
the partners specifically provided in this MOU.
8.1.c. The MCB has established Panels responsible for the long-range
strategic coordination of the operation and utilization of the
Space Station, including supporting services such as transportation
and communications, called the System Operations Panel (SOP) and
the User Operations Panel (UOP) respectively, described in detail
below. The MCB has developed a SOP-UOP Charter that defines the
organizational relationships and responsibilities of these Panels,
and the organizational relationships of these Panels with the
tactical- and execution-level organizations described below. Any
modifications to the SOP-UOP Charter, including consolidation
of the panels, will be approved by the MCB. The MCB approves,
on an annual basis, a Consolidated Operations and Utilization
Plan (COUP) for the Space Station based on the annual Composite
Operations Plan (COP) and the annual Composite Utilization Plan
(CUP) developed by the Panels and described below. In doing so,
the MCB will be responsible for resolving any conflicts between
the COP and the CUP which cannot be resolved by the Panels. The
SOP and UOP will work together to prepare the COUP as described
in the SOP-UOP Charter. The SOP-UOP Charter also delineates the
Panels' delegated responsibilities with respect to adjustment
of the COUP. The COUP will be implemented by the appropriate tactical-
and execution-level organizations. The MCB has also established
a Panel for the coordination of crew-related issues, called the
Multilateral Crew Operations Panel (MCOP), described in detail
in Article 11.
8.1.d. Space Station Flight Elements. There are three categories
of Space Station flight elements:
- accommodations elements;
- infrastructural elements; and
- other flight elements.
The accommodations elements are the NASA-provided Laboratory Module,
the NASA-provided Centrifuge Accommodation Module, the ESA-provided
European pressurized laboratory including the accommodations for
external payloads, the GOJ-provided JEM including the Exposed
Facility and the Experiment Logistics Modules, the RSA-provided
Universal Docking Module payload accommodations and the RSA-provided
Research Modules (hereinafter the "laboratory modules");
and the RSA-provided accommodation sites for external payloads
and the NASA-provided accommodation sites for external payloads.
The infrastructural elements comprise Space Station flight elements,
including servicing elements such as the Mobile Servicing Center
and other elements that produce resources which permit all Space
Station flight elements to be operated and used. Other flight
elements include the CSA-provided SPDM and elements used to resupply
the Space Station such as orbital transfer vehicles and logistics
carriers.
8.1.d.1. Housekeeping. Accommodations elements, infrastructural
elements, the CSA-provided SPDM and Space Station resources will
be used for assembly, for verification and for maintenance of
the Space Station in an operational status, and also for the storage
of element spares and crew provisions, with secondary storage
of crew provisions to be distributed among the laboratory modules.
In such use, they are referred to, respectively, as:
- housekeeping accommodations; and
- housekeeping resources.
During Space Station detailed design and development, these housekeeping
accommodations and housekeeping resources will be controlled in
appropriate program documentation as provided for in Article 7.
During Space Station mature operations and utilization, these
housekeeping accommodations and housekeeping resources will be
controlled according to the mechanisms in Article 8.2.d.
8.1.d.2. Utilization. The accommodations and resources not required
to maintain the Space Station in an operational status will be
available in connection with Space Station utilization, and are
referred to, respectively, as:
- user accommodations; and
- utilization resources.
Details regarding the allocation of the Space Station user accommodations
and utilization resources are provided in Article 8.3. NASA, CSA,
and the other partners agree to minimize the demands for housekeeping
accommodations and housekeeping resources in order to maximize
those available for utilization. NASA, CSA and the other partners
will work to establish standard interfaces between the elements
and the user-provided hardware and software.
8.2. Operations
8.2.a. It is the goal of the Parties to this MOU to operate the
Space Station in a manner that is safe, efficient and effective
for both Space Station users and Space Station operators. To accomplish
this, the MCB has established the SOP to coordinate strategic-level
operations activities and operations planning activities as provided
for in Article 8.1.c.
8.2.b. The SOP will comprise one member each from NASA, CSA and
the other partners. Members may send designated alternates to
SOP meetings. In addition, each partner may call upon relevant
expertise as necessary to support SOP activities. The SOP will
take decisions by consensus; in the event of failure to reach
consensus on any issue, the issue will be forwarded to the MCB
for resolution. In the interest of efficient management, NASA
and CSA recognize that the SOP should take the responsibility
to routinely resolve all operations issues as expeditiously as
possible rather than refer such issues to the MCB.
8.2.c. The SOP will develop, approve and maintain an Operations
Management Plan (OMP) for the operation, maintenance, and refurbishment
of and logistics for the Space Station. This Plan will describe
relationships among the strategic, tactical and execution levels
of operations management, where the strategic level is coordinated
by the SOP; the tactical level, by the tactical operations organization
referred to in Article 8.2.e; and the execution level, by implementing
organizations and field centers. Consistent with the other provisions
of this Article, the OMP will also address operational requirements
for the Space Station flight elements and Space Station-unique
ground elements. The OMP will provide the procedures for preparation
of the baseline operations plans and logistics and maintenance
plans provided for in Articles 6.1.a.25 and 6.2.a.24, annual refinements
to these baseline plans, and the COP described in Article 8.2.d,
including procedures for adjustment of these plans as further
information becomes available.
8.2.d. On an annual basis, NASA and CSA will each provide to the
SOP any significant refinements to their baseline operations plans
and logistics and maintenance plans five years in advance. Using
the operations and logistics and maintenance plans and these refinements
provided by all of the partners, including requirements for use
of Space Station-unique ground elements, the SOP will develop
and approve an annual COP consistent with the annual CUP described
in Article 8.3.g. The COP will also identify the housekeeping
accommodations, housekeeping resources, launch and return transportation
services and data transmission capacity required for maintenance
of the Space Station in an operational status. Compatibility of
the COP and the CUP must be assured through coordination between
the SOP and the UOP, described in Article 8.3.e, during the preparation
and approval process.
8.2.e. NASA, with the participation of CSA and the other partners,
will be responsible for integrated tactical-level activities for
Space Station operations. To this end, NASA will establish an
integrated tactical operations organization and the other partners
will participate in discharging the responsibilities of this organization.
The integrated tactical-level activities for the detailed design
and development are controlled by the SSCB. NASA, CSA and the
other partners will assign experts on the elements each provides
to perform integrated tactical operations functions and to participate
in overall integrated tactical operations activities. NASA and
CSA will consult and agree regarding the procedures for support
of integrated tactical activities, the personnel, their location
and all administrative conditions related to CSA personnel located
in the United States and those related to NASA personnel located
in Canada. In conjunction with the integrated activities, NASA,
CSA and the other partners will each perform distributed tactical-level
activities related to the elements and services each provides,
such as decentralized system operations support planning, user
support planning, logistics planning, and the accommodations assessments
described in Article 8.3.i. Integrated tactical-level activities
will include planning for system operations, user support activities
across all Space Station elements, Earth-to-orbit vehicle capabilities,
data transmission and Earth-to-orbit vehicle operations within
the operational control zone. Tactical-level activities for Earth-to-orbit
vehicles separated from the Space Station when outside the operational
control zone of the Space Station, as defined in the program documentation
provided for in Article 7, will be performed by the Earth-to-orbit
vehicle provider.
8.2.f. Multi-Increment Manifests for the Space Station will be
developed by the integrated tactical operations organization described
in Article 8.2.e to implement the COUP. These manifests will implement
launch and return transportation agreements documented in the
COUP and include vehicle access, assembly activities, logistics
and crew exchange. In addition to the COUP, the Multi-Increment
Manifests, Space Station assembly and operational requirements,
and payload integration documentation will be used to develop
the Increment Definition Requirements Document (IDRD). The IDRD
documents increment-specific plans and requirements, is controlled
by the integrated tactical operations organization and is baselined
two years prior to increment start. For periods up to the completion
of assembly and initial operational verification, the IDRD will
be controlled by the SSCB, as described in Article 7.1.d. Each
IDRD will describe the detailed manifest of user payloads, systems
support equipment and supplies needed to support the increment.
Each IDRD will also describe changes to the complement of hardware
and software to be flown during that increment and the payload
and systems support activities needed to carry out the activities
approved in the COUP. The IDRD will list the crew complement and
define logistics requirements including Earth-to-orbit vehicle
interface requirements, changes to housekeeping resource requirements,
changes to housekeeping accommodation requirements and communication
requirements, including communications systems use and requirements
for distribution of data, to support the subject increment. Earth-to-orbit
vehicle integration details regarding crew transportation, interface
requirements for Station cargo planning, including pressurized
and unpressurized carriers, are contained in standard integration
documentation as set forth in the documents described in Article
7.2 and defined by the integrated tactical operations organization.
8.2.g.1. NASA, with the participation of CSA and the other partners,
will be responsible for integrated execution-level planning for
and management of integrated command and control. NASA will coordinate
the execution of the overall integrated operation of the Space
Station. Performance of integrated execution-level activities
for the Space Station as a whole will be implemented by the Space
Station Control Center (SSCC) and Mission Control Center-Moscow
(MCC-M) within the integrated Space Station command and control
concept: integrated command and control of the Space Station during
unmanned and manned periods of operation, including crew rescue
operations and management of trajectory (ballistics), momentum,
altitude and attitude of the Space Station. Each partner will
assign experts on the elements that it provides to participate
in integrated execution-level activities, and to support real-time
on-orbit activities with emphasis on the elements it provides.
NASA and CSA will also consult and agree regarding the procedures
for support of integrated execution-level activities, the personnel,
their location, and administrative conditions related to these
personnel. NASA, CSA and the other partners will be responsible
for execution of the day-to-day operations in accordance with
the integrated planning. The SSCC, established and managed by
NASA, will provide integrated command and control of the Space
Station and will work in conjunction with the MCC-M, established
and managed by RSA, which will also provide command and control
functions, including integrated command and control functions
for the Space Station as a whole as agreed between NASA and RSA.
8.2.g.2. In addition to supporting the integrated operations as
described above for system operations of the elements they provide:
NASA will also establish, within the SSCC, its element-unique
execution-level operations functions; RSA will also establish,
within the MCC-M, its element-unique execution-level operations
functions; and the other partners will establish element-unique
execution-level operations functions. NASA, CSA and the other
partners will consult and agree regarding the element-unique execution-level
operations functions to be performed by each partner to work in
conjunction with the integrated execution-level functions.
8.2.g.3. The interaction between the element-unique execution-level
operations functions and the integrated SSCC and MCC-M functions
will be described in the OMP. NASA, CSA and the other partners
will provide engineering support to perform detailed engineering
assessments and real-time operations support required for the
operational control of the Space Station elements they provide.
Execution-level activities for Earth-to-orbit vehicles separated
from the Space Station flight elements when outside the operational
control zone of the Space Station flight elements, as defined
in the program documentation provided for in Article 7, will be
the responsibility of the Earth-to-orbit vehicle provider. Execution-level
activities for vehicles within the operational control zone will
be addressed through the integrated execution-level planning activities
described above.
8.3. Utilization
8.3.a. NASA, RSA and CSA will provide Space Station infrastructural elements to assemble, maintain, operate and service the Space Station; NASA, RSA, and CSA will also provide resources derived from these infrastructural elements to other partners as provided in
Article 8.3.b. Any partner providing user accommodations will
retain the use of those accommodations, except for any allocations
to other partners, in compensation for their provision of resources,
based on those partners' contributions of infrastructural elements
and taking into account NASA's role in the overall program management,
systems engineering and integration. As applicable, accrued equivalent
user accommodation rights are accumulated by each partner first
in its own user accommodations. Consequently:
- NASA will retain the use of 97.7% of the user accommodations
on its laboratory modules, 97.7% of the use of its accommodation
sites for external payloads and will have the use of 46.7% of
the user accommodations on the European pressurized laboratory,
and 46.7% of the user accommodations on the JEM;
- RSA will retain the use of 100% of the user accommodations on
its laboratory modules and the use of 100% on its accommodation
sites for external payloads;
- ESA will retain the use of 51% of the user accommodations on
its European pressurized laboratory;
- The GOJ will retain the use of 51% of the user accommodations
on its JEM; and
- CSA will have the use of the equivalent of 2.3% of the Space
Station user accommodations provided by NASA, ESA and the GOJ.
Each partner will control the selection of users for its allocation
of user accommodations; such control will be exercised in accordance
with the procedures in this MOU, in the MOU between NASA and ESA,
in the MOU between NASA and the GOJ and in the MOU between NASA
and RSA for developing the CUP.
8.3.b. Allocation of Resources
With the exception of crew time, which is allocated as provided
in Article 8.3.c, allocation of Space Station resources among
the partners will be in accordance with the following approach.
RSA will retain 100% of the housekeeping and utilization resources
which RSA provides, except as otherwise provided in Article 6.
Other than those resources provided to RSA in accordance with
Article 6, resources provided by NASA and CSA infrastructural
elements will be made available to NASA, the GOJ, ESA and CSA.
These resources, excluding those which may be used without allocation
as provided in Article 8.3.d, will be allocated as follows: housekeeping
resources as noted in Article 8.1.d.1, and required by the elements
provided by NASA, the GOJ, ESA and CSA, will be set aside. The
remaining resources, which are utilization resources, will be
allocated as follows: 76.6% of utilization resources will be allocated
to NASA; 12.8% of utilization resources will be allocated to the
GOJ; 8.3% of utilization resources will be allocated to ESA; and
2.3% of utilization resources will be allocated to CSA; the above
allocation of utilization resources is to the partner, not to
the elements, and may be used by the partner on any Space Station
element consistent with the COUP. Plans for use of partner allocations
of Space Station resources will be developed through integrated
planning mechanisms as provided elsewhere in this Article. More
than this allocation of any utilization resource may be gained
by each partner through barter or purchase from other partners.
8.3.c. Allocation of Crew Time
8.3.c.1. During the period of a three-person crew, crew time required
for assembly, verification and maintenance of the Space Station
in an operational status will be set aside. Any remaining crew
time will be allocated for utilization: 50% of the utilization
crew time will be allocated to NASA and 50% to RSA. The above
allocations will be adjusted through implementing arrangements
as allocations to the other partners for utilization crew time
begin. As applicable, specific allocations of utilization crew
time to ESA, the GOJ and CSA will be commensurate with utilization
resource allocations specified in Article 8.3.b.
8.3.c.2. Following outfitting of the NASA-provided Habitation
Module and initial operational verification of the NASA-provided
crew rescue vehicle that allows expansion of the crew complement
to seven, RSA will have the rights to on-orbit crew time of the
equivalent of three crew to perform systems operations for, and
utilization activities in or on, its elements. NASA, ESA, the
GOJ and CSA will share the rights to on-orbit crew time of the
equivalent of four crew to perform systems operations for, and
utilization activities in or on, their elements as follows: crew
time required for maintenance of the Space Station in an operational
status will be set aside; and any remaining crew time will be
allocated for utilization. Of this crew time remaining for utilization,
76.6% will be allocated to NASA; 12.8% to the GOJ; 8.3% to ESA;
and 2.3% to CSA.
8.3.c.3. Allocation of crew time to the partners is for the purpose
of ensuring equitable distribution of crew time for partner activities.
Planning and execution of crew activities will be integrated in
accordance with Article 11.6.
8.3.d. Space Station Resources, and Transportation and Communication
Services
8.3.d.1. Space Station utilization resources are power; user servicing
capacity, including services of the CSA-provided SPDM;
heat rejection capacity; data handling capacity; crew time; and
EVA capacity. The initial list of Space Station utilization resources
to be allocated is power, and crew time. All other Space Station
utilization resources may be used without allocation. To support
the operation and full international utilization of the Space
Station as defined in Article 3, NASA, RSA, ESA and the GOJ will
provide launch and return transportation services as provided
in Article 12.1 and consistent with the integrated traffic planning
process. From the total Space Station user payload capacity available
on Space Station launch and return transportation flights actually
flown each year, each partner will have the right to obtain launch
and return transportation services, from any partner providing
such services, to support its Space Station utilization plan,
commensurate with its allocation of utilization resources, either
through its own provision of this capacity or through purchase
from any other partner providing such services. NASA, RSA, ESA
and the GOJ will correspondingly ensure, through the planning
mechanisms established in this Article and Article 12, that all
partners can exercise their right to obtain launch and return
transportation services to support their Space Station utilization
plans. It is anticipated that NASA, RSA, ESA and the GOJ will
exercise this right first through provision of their own payload
launch and return transportation capacity. (The foregoing does
not apply to launch and return transportation capacity provided
for the Space Station in connection with Space Station evolutionary
additions.) Similarly, the partners will have the right to obtain,
commensurate with their allocation of utilization resources, TDRSS
data transmission capacity provided by NASA, RSA Data Relay Satellite
data transmission capacity, and data transmission capacity provided
by other partners as applicable, and available for the Space Station
as provided in Article 12.2 and consistent with the COUP. The
UOP, defined in Article 8.3.e, will update the lists of utilization
resources and allocated utilization resources as necessary as
NASA and the other partners gain experience.
8.3.d.2. CSA's allocation of user accommodations and utilization
resources may begin once the Space Station Remote Manipulator
System is verified following assembly to the Space Station.
8.3.e. It is the goal of the Parties to use the Space Station
in a safe, efficient and effective manner. To accomplish this,
the MCB has established a UOP, to assure the compatibility of
utilization activities of the Space Station. The UOP will comprise
one member each from NASA, CSA and the other partners. Members
may send designated alternates to UOP meetings. In addition, each
partner may call upon relevant expertise as necessary to support
UOP activities. The UOP will take decisions by consensus; in the
event of failure to reach consensus on any issue, the issue will
be forwarded to the MCB for resolution. In the interest of efficient
management, NASA and CSA recognize that the UOP should take the
responsibility to routinely resolve all utilization issues as
expeditiously as possible rather than refer such issue to the
MCB.
8.3.f. The UOP will develop, approve and maintain a Utilization Management Plan (UMP) which will describe relationships among the strategic, tactical and execution levels of utilization management, where the strategic level is coordinated by the UOP; the tactical-level, by the integrated tactical operations organization described in Article 8.2.e; and the execution-level, by implementing organizations and field centers. The UMP will also establish processes for utilization of the Space Station elements, including the user support centers and other Space Station-unique ground elements provided by all the partners, consistent with
Article 8.3.e; define standard user integration support and standard
user operations support; and describe the approach to distributed
user integration and operations. The UMP will provide procedures
for preparation of the partners' Utilization Plans and CUP described
in Article 8.3.g, including procedures for adjustment of these
Plans as further information becomes available.
8.3.g. Utilization Plan for the Space Station
8.3.g.1. On an annual basis, five years in advance, NASA, CSA
and the other partners each will develop a Utilization Plan for
all proposed uses of its own allocation of Space Station user
accommodations and utilization resources, for the use of their
right to obtain launch and return transportation services and
data transmission capacity, and for all proposed uses of unallocated
Space Station utilization resources and Space Station-unique ground
elements. Each partner will satisfy the requirements of its users
for storage within the user accommodations available to that partner,
with the exception of temporary on-orbit storage in the logistics
carriers in which user equipment is launched or returned to Earth
as specified in the applicable IDRD. NASA, CSA, and the other
partners each will prioritize and propose appropriate schedules
for the user activities in its Utilization Plan, including the
use of user support centers and other Space Station-unique ground
elements to support the utilization of the flight elements. These
individual Utilization Plans will take into consideration all
factors necessary to assure successful implementation of the user
activities, including any relevant information regarding crew
skills and special requirements associated with the proposed payloads.
8.3.g.2. NASA and CSA each will forward its Utilization Plan to
the UOP. Using the Utilization Plans of NASA, CSA and the other
partners, the UOP will develop the CUP, covering the use of both
flight and Space Station-unique ground elements, launch and return
transportation services and data transmission capacity, based
on all relevant factors, including each element-provider's recommendations
regarding resolution of technical and operational incompatibilities
among the users proposed for its elements. In its use of the Space
Station, each partner will seek, through the mechanisms established
in this MOU, to avoid causing serious adverse effects on use of
the Space Station by the other partners. In the event of failure
of the UOP to reach consensus on the utilization of the Space
Station flight elements and/or related Space Station-unique ground
elements, the issue will be forwarded to the MCB for resolution.
8.3.g.3. Utilization Plans proposed by NASA, CSA and the other
partners which fall completely within their respective allocations
and do not conflict operationally or technically with one another's
Utilization Plans will be automatically approved. However, Articles
9.3(a), 9.3(b) and 9.6 of the Intergovernmental Agreement will
apply.
8.3.h. Each partner will participate in integrated tactical-level planning of user activities. To this end, each partner will provide personnel to the operations organization described in
Article 8.2.e. These personnel will participate in integrated
tactical-level planning of user activities; they will also support
the strategic-level planning of user activities. NASA and CSA
will consult and agree regarding the responsibilities to be discharged
by the CSA personnel. NASA and CSA will also consult and agree
regarding the number of CSA personnel and all administrative conditions
related to these personnel.
8.3.i. A partner providing accommodations elements will be responsible
for providing standard user integration support and standard user
operations support for use of its accommodations elements by users
of the other partners or the other partners as users. In the case
of such use, the partner sponsoring the user will be responsible
for performing integration of its payload on the ground. Such
integration will be to appropriate standard interface levels as
agreed among the affected partners. Accommodations assessments
for the integrated payload complements manifested in an accommodation
element covering engineering, operations and software compatibility
will also be performed by the partner providing that accommodation
element in support of the preparation and execution of the IDRDs.
Similarly, CSA will be responsible for providing standard user
integration support and standard user operations support for users
of the other partners or other partners as users of the flight
elements provided by CSA. As required, NASA or RSA will be responsible
for providing standard user integration support and standard user
operations support for users of the other partners or other partners
as users of the Space Station systems/subsystems each provides.
8.3.j. NASA, ESA, the GOJ and CSA will participate in discharging
the responsibilities of the Payload Operations Integration Center
(POIC) established and managed by NASA which will be responsible
for the following integrated functions for the Space Station as
a whole: overall integration of the planning of user activities
on the Space Station, overall management and coordination of the
execution of user activities on the Space Station, and interaction
with the SSCC in order to coordinate user activities with systems
operations activities. NASA will also establish, within the POIC,
its element-unique payload operations integration functions. Each
of these partners will provide personnel to the POIC. These personnel
will bring expertise on the accommodations elements and payloads
that partner provides, will participate in integrated POIC-based
activities and will support real time on-orbit activities with
emphasis on the accommodations elements and payloads each provides.
NASA and CSA will consult and agree regarding the responsibilities
to be discharged by the CSA personnel. NASA and CSA will also
consult and agree regarding the number of CSA personnel and all
administrative conditions related to these personnel. The partners
may also participate in and provide personnel to other execution-level
utilization activities at other sites as agreed. RSA will participate
in the above activities as agreed in implementing arrangements.
For operations integration of all payloads in each of the accommodation
elements they provide, NASA, RSA, ESA and the GOJ will establish
element-unique payload operations integration functions to work
in accordance with the IDRD and in coordination with the POIC,
as provided above. The interaction between the integrated functions
of the POIC, and the SSCC will be documented in the OMP. NASA,
RSA, ESA and the GOJ will also provide user support centers to
assist Space Station users in planning and executing user activities
on the Space Station. The interaction between the element-unique
payload operations integration functions, the user support functions,
and the integrated functions of the POIC will be described in
the UMP.
8.3.k. In working out problems which may arise after the development
of the COUP, in the case of a technical or operational incompatibility
between users, the partner(s) providing the element(s) in which
the users have accommodations, as well as other impacted partners,
will provide appropriate analyses and recommendations to the appropriate
strategic-, tactical- or execution-level organization for resolution
of conflicts. However, if such conflict only has impacts within
a single Space Station element and only impacts users of the provider
of that element, the partner providing that element will be responsible
for resolving such conflicts in accordance with the content of
the COUP.
8.3.l. NASA, CSA and the other partners may at any time barter
for, sell to one another or enter into other arrangements for
any portion of their Space Station allocations, and are free to
market the use of their allocations individually or collectively,
according to the procedures established in the UMP. The terms
and conditions of any barter or sale will be determined on a case-by-case
basis by the parties to the transaction. The partner providing
allocations will ensure that the obligations it has undertaken
under this MOU are met. NASA, CSA and the other partners each
may retain the revenues they derive from such marketing.
8.3.m. NASA and CSA will make their Space Station-unique ground
elements, including user support centers, available for use by
each other and the other partners in order to support fully both
the standard and special user integration and operations support
approved in the CUP and the requirements in the COP. Any special
user integration support or user operations support provided by
a partner to users of the other partners or other partners as
users will be provided on a reimbursable basis at prices routinely
charged comparable users for similar services.
8.4. In order to protect the intellectual property of Space Station
users, procedures covering all personnel, including Space Station
crew, who have access to data are developed by the MCB.
8.5. The partners will seek to outfit the laboratory modules to
equivalent levels by the end of Space Station detailed design
and development.
9.1. The Parties, and the other partners under the relevant MOUs,
will seek to minimize operations costs for the Space Station.
The Parties, and the other partners under the relevant MOUs, will
also seek to minimize the exchange of funds, for example, through
the performance of specific operations activities.
9.2. Element Operations Costs and Activities
9.2.a. NASA and CSA will each have operational responsibilities
for the elements it provides as detailed in Articles 6 and 8 and
in implementing arrangements. Such operational responsibilities
mean that NASA and CSA will each be responsible for element operations
costs or activities, that is, costs or activities attributed to
operating and to sustaining the functional performance of the
flight elements that it provides, such as ground-based maintenance,
sustaining engineering, provision of spares, launch and return
of spares, launch and return of the fraction of the logistics
carriers provided for in Article 3 that is attributable to spares,
and also costs or activities attributed to the maintenance and
operation of element-unique ground centers.
9.3. Common System Operations Costs and Activities
9.3.a. NASA, CSA and the other partners will equitably share responsibilities
for the common system operations costs or activities: that is,
costs or activities attributed to the operation of the Space Station
as a whole. Common system operations costs and activities will
not include the element operations costs and activities described
in Article 9.2 nor the user operations costs and activities described
in Article 9.6. RSA will be responsible for the share of the common
system operations costs or activities corresponding to the support
of the operation of the elements it provides. NASA, ESA, the GOJ
and CSA collectively will be responsible for the share of the
common system operations costs or activities corresponding to
the support of the operation of elements they collectively provide
using the following approach: each will be responsible for a percentage
of these common system operations costs or activities equal to
the percentage of Space Station utilization resources allocated
to them in Article 8.3.b. The categories comprising common system
operations are: integrated tactical planning activities performed
by the integrated tactical operations organization provided for
in Article 8.2.e, including user integration planning and maintenance
of common documentation; space systems operations (operations
and maintenance of integrated SSCC and MCC-M functions, and common
elements of software integration, test and verification capability);
operations and maintenance of integrated POIC functions; integrated
logistics management including resupply, onboard maintenance and
inventory integration; prelaunch/postlanding processing of logistics
carriers; and launch to orbit and return of consumables, crew
and crew logistics, and launch and return of the fraction of the
logistics carriers provided for in Article 3 that is attributable
to consumables and crew logistics. Any changes to the list of
categories comprising common system operations in this Article
will be made by the SOP. CSA's sharing of common system operations
responsibilities will begin when CSA begins to utilize the Space
Station in accordance with Article 8.3.d.2.
9.3.b. CSA will perform common system operations activities for
the benefit of NASA and the other partners, and NASA will perform,
or arrange for other partners to perform common system operations
activities for the benefit of CSA and the other partners in accordance
with Articles 6 and 8. Compensation for performance of these activities
is as agreed in implementing arrangements. NASA, ESA, the GOJ
and RSA will perform common system operations activities as specified
in the MOU between NASA and ESA, the MOU between NASA and the
GOJ and the MOU between NASA and RSA.
9.3.c. In accordance with the MOU between NASA and RSA, full satisfaction
of the RSA share of common system operations responsibilities,
through performance of common system operations and other activities,
is as agreed in implementing arrangements. In addition to RSA's
activities referred to above, RSA will perform common system operations
contributing to the support of the operation of elements NASA,
ESA, the GOJ and CSA collectively provide. NASA, ESA, the GOJ
and CSA will work together, in accordance with Article 9.4, to
identify and quantify such activities and to account for them
in the contents of the common system operations activities and
costs.
9.4. The SOP will develop detailed procedures for the implementation
of this Article, including to identify the detailed contents to
be included in each category comprising common system operations
and to estimate, based on agreed assumptions, a not-to-exceed
figure for common system operations activities and costs to be
approved by the MCB. The partners will also, each year, report
to the SOP on their forecasts for future years for the common
system operations activities and costs and on their identified
actual annual common system activities and operations costs. The
SOP, in consultation with the UOP, will work to contain the common
system operations activities and costs within the estimated not-to-exceed
figure approved by the MCB and to this end will recommend to the
MCB corrective measures in the COUP whenever it appears that the
annual forecasted costs may exceed this figure. In such cases,
the MCB will either approve the SOP's recommendations or take
other measures, including reevaluation and adjustment of the not-to-exceed
figure. If possible, after the partners have gained experience
in the operation of the Space Station, the SOP will endeavor to
establish fixed values for the annual common system operations
activities and costs. RSA will participate in the process as appropriate.
9.5. Offsets
9.5.a. Any partner may, as agreed with NASA, in consultation with
the other partners, perform common system operations or other
activities to offset its responsibility for common system operations
costs. NASA will establish with this partner, and any affected
partners, implementing arrangements on the contents and scope
of the common system operations activities and on any other activities
to be performed by this partner to offset its responsibility for
common system operations costs.
9.5.b. Offset of the CSA share of common system operations costs,
through a provision of goods and services, and the performance
of common system operations and other activities, including the
provision of CSA personnel as provided for in Articles 8.2.e,
8.2.g, 8.3.h, and 8.3.i, are as agreed in implementing arrangements
between CSA and NASA.
9.6. Costs of User Activities
9.6.a. Costs of user activities such as payload/experiment design,
development, test and evaluation (DDT&E), payload ground processing;
provision of payload/experiment spares and associated equipment;
transmission and handling of user data; launch and return of payloads/experiments,
spares and associated equipment; launch and return of the fraction
of the logistics carriers provided for in Article 3 that is attributable
to user payloads/experiments, spares and associated equipment;
and any special user integration or user operations support, including
specialized crew training, will be the responsibility of Space
Station users of the partners or of individual partners as users.
Such costs will not be shared among NASA, CSA and the other partners.
In addition, the DDT&E and operations costs of the users'
support centers will not be shared among NASA, CSA and the other
partners.
9.7. NASA, CSA and the other partners will not recoup their DDT&E
costs for their elements from one another in the operation and
utilization of the Space Station.
9.8. In case of failure of any partner to perform its operations
responsibilities or to provide for its share of common system
operations costs, as provided in Article 9.2, or to provide for
its share of common system operations responsibilities, as provided
for in Article 9.5, the partners will meet to discuss what action
should be taken. Such action could result in, for example, an
appropriate reduction of the failing partner's rights to its allocations.
10.1. In order to assure safety, NASA has the responsibility,
working with CSA and the other partners, to establish overall
Space Station safety and mission assurance requirements and plans
covering Space Station detailed design and development activities
and mature operations and utilization. Development of further
safety and mission assurance requirements and plans and changes
to safety and mission assurance requirements and plans will be
processed according to the procedures in Articles 7 and 8.
10.2. Each partner will develop detailed safety and mission assurance
requirements and plans, using its own requirements, for its Space
Station hardware and software. Such requirements and plans must
meet or exceed the overall Space Station safety and mission assurance
requirements and plans established by NASA working with CSA and
the other partners. Each partner will have the responsibility
to implement applicable overall and detailed Space Station safety
and mission assurance requirements and plans throughout the lifetime
of the program, and to certify that such requirements and plans
have been met with respect to the Space Station elements and payloads
it provides. NASA will have the overall responsibility to certify
that the Space Station as a whole and its elements and payloads
are safe.
10.3. NASA will conduct overall integrated system safety reviews
for Space Station elements, launch package stage and payloads
which CSA will support. NASA, CSA and the other partners will
also conduct safety reviews of the elements and payloads they
provide; NASA will participate in and support such reviews by
the other partners. Each partner will also participate in and
support safety reviews by the other partners as appropriate related
to the elements and payloads that partner provides. Partner support
to such safety reviews will include the provision of necessary
safety-related information to enable the other
partners to conduct their reviews. The partners will participate
as appropriate in any Space Station safety review boards managed
by NASA.
10.4. NASA, CSA and the other partners will establish contingency
procedures for on-orbit emergencies to protect the safety of the
Space Station and its crew. NASA, CSA and the other partners will
also establish a process for consultations in the event of on-orbit
emergencies for which contingency procedures do not exist. If
this consultation process cannot be followed within the time required,
due to the nature of the emergency, or if consensus cannot be
reached within the time required, NASA will have the responsibility
for making decisions necessary to protect the safety of the Space
Station and its crew, following procedures agreed in advance for
implementation of such decisions.
11.1. Each partner has the right to provide personnel to serve
as Space Station crew from the time the partner begins to share
common system operations responsibilities. During the period of
a three-person crew, NASA and RSA will be allocated 50% of the
three crew flight opportunities. The above allocations will be
adjusted as allocations to the other partners for crew flight
opportunities begin, commensurate with utilization resource allocations
specified in Article 8.3.b, while maintaining equal shares for
NASA and RSA. During assembly, flight opportunities for NASA and
RSA Space Station crew will be satisfied over time and not necessarily
on each specific crew rotation cycle; however, in the event of
adjustments, each crew complement will have at least one representative
from NASA and one from RSA. Following outfitting of the NASA-provided
Habitation Module and initial operational verification of the
NASA-provided crew rescue vehicle, when the Space Station has
a crew of seven, RSA will be allocated three crew flight opportunities.
The remaining four crew flight opportunities will be allocated
to NASA, ESA, the GOJ and CSA commensurate with utilization resources
allocations specified in Article 8.3.b and will be satisfied over
time, not necessarily on each specific crew rotation cycle. The
SOP will annually, or as required by any partner, review the implementation
of this paragraph and provide its conclusions to the MCB.
11.2. During Space Station assembly and verification, fully trained
CSA crew members will participate in on-orbit assembly and system
verification of the CSA-provided flight elements and other assigned
flight element assembly and system verification tasks planned
during that on-orbit period as provided in the verification plan
described in Article 6, and utilization activities as provided
for in Article 8.
11.3. The MCB will establish a Multilateral Crew Operations Panel
(MCOP) which will be the primary forum for the top-level coordination
and resolution of Space Station crew matters which affect all
partners including the processes, standards and criteria for selection,
certification, assignment and training of Space Station crew.
The MCB will develop an MCOP Charter that defines the specific
responsibilities of this Panel. Any modifications to this Charter
will be approved by the MCB. The MCOP will have a rotating chairmanship
and all decisions taken will be by consensus. The partners will
propose to the MCOP their candidates for Space Station crew based
on mission requirements and allocated flight opportunities. If
the MCOP determines the candidates meet the Space Station crew
standards and criteria, the candidates will be assigned to specific
crew complements, subject to approval in accordance with the partners'
internal agency procedures. Following assignment to a crew, the
entire crew will begin increment-specific training in order to
acquire skills necessary to conduct Space Station operations and
utilization. One or more specific crew complements, can be trained
as a team in preparation for a specific crew rotation cycle according
to the agreed curriculum and specific mission requirements. The
MCOP will determine the readiness of the crew for flight based
on the results of a review of the crew's medical condition and
the crew's performance during training.
11.4. NASA, CSA and the other partners will establish a Multilateral
Medical Policy Board (MMPB) to provide coordination and oversight
of crew health issues. NASA and CSA will each provide a single
point of contact for medical support who will have full responsibility
to resolve issues related to the development of a common system
for medical support. The MMPB will be supported by a Multilateral
Space Medicine Board (MSMB) and by a Multilateral Medical Operations
Panel (MMOP), established by NASA and CSA with the other partners,
which will be the primary working level groups for coordination
of crew health matters including clinical care, medical standards,
preventative medicine (including operational countermeasures)
and environmental monitoring. The MMOP and the MSMB will operate
on the principle of consensus. The MMOP will develop medical standards,
certification criteria, pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight
medical care requirements, medical hardware responsibilities and
operational procedures and recommend them to the MSMB for approval.
The MSMB will present its decisions and findings to the MMPB and
MCOP, as appropriate, for review and concurrence. NASA, CSA, and
the other partners will be responsible for medical certification
of their respective crew member in accordance with agreed standards,
and will present the appropriate documentation to the MSMB for
approval. The MSMB will have responsibility for final medical
certification of crew and for oversight of the implementation
of medical operations.
11.5. NASA, CSA and the other partners will establish a Human
Research Multilateral Review Board (HRMRB). This Board will have
the responsibility for assuring that human research protocols
do not endanger the health, safety, and well-being of human research
subjects on the Space Station, while ensuring ethical conduct
of experiment operations. The HRMRB will review and approve, prior
to their implementation, human research protocols for the Space
Station proposed by the partners. The HRMRB will operate on the
principle of consensus.
11.6. The Space Station crew will operate as one integrated team
with one Commander. Consistent with the principle of an integrated
crew, the entire crew will operate under a single timeline for
performance of all operations and utilization activities. The
crew Commander will be responsible for the mission program implementation
and crew safety assurance aboard the Space Station. Specific details
concerning this integrated crew concept will be agreed by the
MCOP.
11.7. NASA will be financially responsible for all compensation,
medical expenses, subsistence costs on Earth, and training for
Space Station crew which it provides. CSA will be financially
responsible for all compensation, medical expenses, subsistence
costs on Earth, and training for Space Station crew which it provides.
NASA and CSA each agree to waive fees for Space Station-related
training for the other's Space Station crew. Specifically, CSA
will not be charged Space Station-related training costs for its
Space Station crew training at NASA or NASA contractor facilities,
and NASA will not be charged Space Station-related training costs
for its Space Station crew training in CSA or CSA contractor facilities.
This waiver of fees will also apply to any Space Station-related
crew training at NASA or NASA contractor facilities or at CSA
or CSA contractor facilities for all other partners' Space Station
crew. Space Station-related crew training will be defined by the
MCOP. Such training includes instruction, training materials and
equipment, access to all necessary facilities (including travel
among NASA and NASA contractor facilities and travel among CSA
and CSA contractor facilities) and all costs for activities in
the agreed Space Station training plan and curriculum that will
be used for training following certification of Space Station
crew pursuant to Article 11.3. Agreed training for all assigned
duties will be required.
11.8. The Space Station Code of Conduct will be developed by the
partners and submitted to the MCB for approval. Each partner must
have approved the Space Station Code of Conduct before it provides
Space Station Crew. The Space Station Code of Conduct will, inter
alia: establish a clear chain of command on-orbit; clear relationship
between ground and on-orbit management; and management hierarchy;
set forth standards for work and activities in space, and, as
appropriate, on the ground; establish responsibilities with respect
to elements and equipment; set forth disciplinary regulations;
establish physical and information security guidelines; and provide
the Space Station Commander appropriate authority and responsibility,
on behalf of all the partners, to enforce safety procedures, physical
and information security procedures and crew rescue procedures
for the Space Station.
12.1. Transportation
12.1.a. Launch and return transportation services for the Space
Station will be provided by the following government and private
sector space transportation systems:
- the US Space Shuttle;
- the Russian Proton, and Soyuz launch vehicle and the Progress
M and Soyuz TM;
- the European Ariane-5 launch vehicle and the associated orbital
transfer vehicle; and
- the Japanese H-II launch vehicle and the associated orbital
transfer vehicle.
12.1.b. The partners will also have the right of access to the
Space Station for launch and return transportation services using
other government or private sector space transportation systems
of the partners. Potential future partner space transportation
systems include:
- the European vehicle for crew and cargo delivery and return;
and
- the Japanese Space Transportation System for Space Station launch
and return transportation services.
12.1.c. Recognizing that the responsibility for developing space
transportation systems and for making them technically and operationally
compatible with Space Station rests with the providing partner,
the appropriate partners will exchange information necessary to
support such compatibility. Technical, operational and safety
requirements for access to the Space Station will be controlled
in appropriate program documentation as provided for in Articles
7 and 8.
12.1.d. Provision of launch and return transportation services
to the Space Station will be in accordance with the integrated
traffic planning, management mechanisms, and documentation provided
for in Articles 7 and 8 and in accordance with Article 9. NASA
and the other partners providing Space Station launch and return
transportation services will each develop a partner transportation
model, for their transportation systems. The partners' transportation
models will be combined into a single integrated launch and return
transportation model for the Space Station program. This integrated
launch and return transportation capability to be provided by
the partners providing launch and return transportation services
will be the basis for the integrated traffic planning process
supporting development of the COUP, which will specify launch
and return vehicles, their capabilities, allocation of launch
and return transportation services to the partners and the relevant
schedules.
12.1.e. Except as otherwise agreed, each partner provides or arranges
with other partners on a reimbursable basis for the provision
of launch and return transportation services for the flight elements
it provides including assembly and logistics requirements. With
regard to utilization activities, each partner provides or arranges
with other partners on a reimbursable basis for the provision
of launch and return transportation services in connection with
its Space Station users. The right to obtain launch and return
transportation services for Space Station utilization activities
is as provided in Article 8.3.d. Reimbursement for such services
may be in cash, or agreed kind. All reimbursable transportation
services will be provided under launch services agreements.
12.1.f. NASA will provide reimbursable Space Shuttle launch and
return transportation services to ESA in connection with the assembly
of the ESA-provided European pressurized laboratory to the Space
Station and its initial outfitting in accordance with the program
documentation described in Article 7.2.
12.1.g. NASA will provide reimbursable Space Shuttle launch and
return transportation services to the GOJ in connection with the
assembly of the GOJ-provided JEM to the Space Station and its
initial outfitting in accordance with the program documentation
described in Article 7.2.
12.1.h. NASA will be responsible for standard Space Shuttle launch
and return transportation services in connection with the assembly
of the CSA-provided flight elements to the Space Station (CSA
will be responsible for any optional Space Shuttle launch services
required in connection with the assembly of the CSA-provided flight
elements to the Space Station).
12.1.i. Partners which provide launch and return transportation
services in connection with Space Station common system operations
will do so in accordance with Article 9.
12.1.j. Each partner will use its best efforts to accommodate
additional launch and return transportation service requirements
in relation to the Space Station, as well as proposed requirements
and flight schedule related to the Space Station activities described
above.
12.1.k. Each partner will respect the proprietary rights in and confidentiality of appropriately marked data and goods to be transported on its launch and return transportation system.
12.2. Communications
Space Station communications will involve space-to-ground, ground-to-space,
ground-to-ground and space-to-space data transmission.
12.2.a. NASA will provide the TDRSS space and ground communications
network for command, control and operations of Space Station elements
and payloads, as provided for in Article 8.2.g, and other Space
Station communications purposes.
12.2.b. RSA will provide the RSA Data Relay Satellite system space
and ground network for command, control and operations of Space
Station elements and payloads, as provided for in Article 8.2.g,
and other Space Station communications purposes.
12.2.c. ESA may provide the EDRS space and ground network for
complementary communications support for command, control and
operations of the European pressurized laboratory and payloads,
and other Space Station communications purposes.
12.2.d. The GOJ may provide the GOJ data relay satellite system
space and ground network for complementary communications support
for command, control and operations of the JEM and payloads and
other Space Station communications purposes.
12.2.e. Recognizing that the responsibility for developing the
above systems and for making them technically and operationally
compatible with the Space Station and with Space Station use of
TDRSS and of the RSA Data Relay Satellite system rests with the
providing partner, NASA or RSA will provide information necessary
to support such compatibility. Other communications systems may
be used on the Space Station by the partners or Space Station
users if such communications systems are compatible with the Space
Station and with the Space Station use of TDRSS and the RSA Data
Relay Satellite system. Technical, operational and security requirements
related to Space Station communications will be controlled by
appropriate program management mechanisms and in documentation
as provided for in Articles 7 and 8. Unless otherwise agreed with
NASA or NASA and RSA, end-to-end transmission of data throughout
the Space Station communications system will be compatible with
the communications transportation formats, protocols and standards
agreed to by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
(CCSDS).
12.2.f. Provision of Space Station communications will be documented
in the COUP and in accordance with the management mechanisms and
other documentation provided for in Articles 7 and 8.
12.2.g. With regard to utilization activities, each partner provides
or arranges with other partners on a reimbursable basis for the
provision of communications services in connection with its Space
Station users. Reimbursement for such services may be in cash,
or agreed kind. All reimbursable communications services will
be provided under communications services agreements. The right
to purchase TDRSS or RSA Data Relay Satellite system data transmission
capacity for Space Station utilization activities is as provided
in Article 8.3.d. The partners will use their best efforts to
accommodate, with their respective communications systems, each
other's specific Space Station-related requirements.
12.2.h. Partners and users of the partners may implement measures
to ensure confidentiality of their utilization and housekeeping
data passing through communications systems being used in connection
with the Space Station. (Notwithstanding the foregoing, data which
are necessary to assure safe operations will be made available
according to procedures in the Operation Management Plan and the
Utilization Management Plan and their use will be restricted to
safety purposes only.) Each partner will respect the proprietary
rights in, and the confidentiality of, the utilization and housekeeping
data passing through its communications systems, including its
ground network and the communications systems of its contractors,
when providing communication services to another partner. Each
partner will respect the confidentiality of personnel and medical
data passing through its communications systems, including its
ground network and the communications systems of its contractors,
when providing communications services to another partner.
12.2.i. The partners will each assure that their Space Station
information resources, such as computer systems and data transmission
systems, are provided a level of security and integrity consistent
with potential harm from their loss, inaccuracy, alteration, unavailability,
or misuse. The level of security and integrity referred to above
is defined through the management mechanisms and controlled in
the documentation provided for in Articles 7 and 8.
12.3. Other Non-Space Station Facilities
12.3.a. Should CSA desire to use the Space Shuttle or other NASA
facilities on a cooperative or reimbursable basis to support the
development of its Space Station Utilization Plan or to support
its Space Station detailed design or development activities, NASA
will use its best efforts to accommodate CSA's proposed requirements
and schedules. Likewise, should NASA desire to use CSA facilities
on a cooperative or reimbursable basis to support the development
of its Space Station Utilization Plan or to support its Space
Station detailed design or development activities, CSA will use
its best efforts to accommodate NASA's proposed requirements and
schedules.
12.3.b. If NASA and CSA agree that it is appropriate and necessary
for the conduct of the cooperative program, NASA and CSA will
use their good offices in connection with attempting to arrange
for the use of U.S. and Canadian Governments' or contractors'
facilities by the Parties and/or their contractors. Such use will
be subject to separate arrangements between the user and the owner
of the facilities.
13.1. NASA and CSA each are conducting Space Station advanced
development programs in support of their respective detailed design
and development activities. Cooperation in such advanced development
activities will be considered on a case-by-case basis and entered
into where it is advantageous to both sides and where there are
reciprocal opportunities.
13.2. CSA proposals to use NASA advanced development testbeds
or other NASA facilities in support of CSA's Space Station advanced
development program will be considered on a case-by-case basis
either on a cooperative or reimbursable basis. Likewise, NASA
proposals to use CSA's facilities in support of NASA's Space Station
advanced development program will be considered on a case-by-case
basis either on a cooperative or reimbursable basis.
13.3. Should CSA desire to use the Space Shuttle on a cooperative
or reimbursable basis to support CSA Space Station advanced development
activities, NASA will use its best efforts to accommodate CSA's
proposed requirements and flight schedules.
14.1. NASA, CSA and the other partners intend that the Space Station
will evolve through the addition of capability and will strive
to maximize the likelihood that such evolution will be effected
through contributions from all the partners. To this end, it will
be the object of the Parties to provide, where appropriate, the
opportunity to the other partners to cooperate in their respective
proposals for additions of evolutionary capability. The Space
Station together with its additions of evolutionary capability
will remain a civil station, and its operations and utilization
will be for peaceful purposes, in accordance with international
law.
14.2. This MOU sets forth rights and obligations concerning only
the elements listed in Article 3, except that this Article and
Article 16 of the Intergovernmental Agreement will apply to any
additions of evolutionary capability. As such, this MOU does not
commit either Party to participate in, or grant either Party rights
in, the addition of evolutionary capability.
14.3. NASA and CSA agree to study evolution concepts for the Space
Station during detailed design and development and mature operations
and utilization. NASA will be responsible for development of overall
Space Station evolution concepts, in consultation with CSA and
the other partners, and for integrating CSA's and the other partners'
evolution concepts into an overall Space Station evolution plan.
14.4. NASA, CSA, and the other partners will participate in an
International Evolution Working Group (IEWG) to coordinate their
respective evolution studies and to consider overall Space Station
evolution concepts and planning activities.
14.5. The MCB will review specific evolutionary capabilities proposed
by any partner, assess the impacts of those plans on the other
partners' elements and on the Space Station, and review recommendations
for minimizing potential impacts on Space Station activity during
the addition of evolutionary capabilities.
14.6. Following the review and assessment provided for in Article
14.5, and consistent with the provisions of the Intergovernmental
Agreement, cooperation between or among partners regarding the
sharing of addition(s) of evolutionary capability will require,
either the amendment of the MOU between NASA and CSA, the MOU
between NASA and the GOJ, the MOU between NASA and ESA and/or
the MOU between NASA and RSA, or a separate agreement to which
NASA, to ensure that any addition is consistent with the overall
program, and with any other partner providing a Space Station
element or space transportation system on which there is an operational
or technical impact, will be a party.
14.7. Following the review and assessment provided for in Article
14.5, and consistent with the provisions of the Intergovernmental
Agreement, the addition of evolutionary capability by one partner
will require prior notification of the other partners and an agreement
with NASA, to ensure that any addition is consistent with the
overall program, and with any other partner providing a Space
Station element or space transportation system on which there
is an operational or technical impact.
14.8. The addition of evolutionary capability will in no event
alter the rights and obligations of either Party to this MOU concerning
the elements listed in Article 3, unless otherwise agreed by the
affected Party.
The Parties note that, with respect to the cross-waiver of liability,
exchange of data and goods, treatment of data and goods in transit,
customs and immigration, intellectual property and criminal jurisdiction,
the relevant provisions of the Intergovernmental Agreement apply.
16.1. Each Party will bear the costs of fulfilling its responsibilities,
including but not limited to costs of compensation, travel and
subsistence of its own personnel and transportation of all equipment
and other items for which it is responsible under this MOU. However,
as provided in Article 9 the partners will equitably share
common system operations responsibilities.
16.2. The ability of each Party to carry out its obligations is
subject to its funding procedures and the availability of appropriated
funds.
16.3. In the event that funding problems arise that may affect
a partner's ability to fulfill its responsibilities under this
MOU, that partner will promptly notify and consult with the other
partners. Further, the Parties undertake to grant high priority
to their Space Station programs in developing their budgetary
plans.
16.4. The Parties will seek to minimize the exchange of funds
while carrying out their respective responsibilities in this cooperative
program, including, if they agree, through the use of barter,
that is, the provision of goods or services.
17.1. NASA and CSA will be responsible for the development of
an agreed Public Affairs Plan that will specify guidelines for
NASA-CSA cooperative public affairs activities during the detailed
design, development, operation and utilization of the Space Station.
17.2. Within the Public Affairs Plan guidelines, both NASA and
CSA will retain the right to release public information on their
respective portions of the program. NASA and CSA will undertake
to coordinate with each other, and, as appropriate, with the other
partners, in advance concerning public information activities
which relate to each other's responsibilities or performance in
the Space Station program.
18.1. The Parties agree to consult with each other and with the
other partners promptly when events occur or matters arise which
may occasion a question of interpretation or implementation of
the terms of this MOU.
18.2. In the case of a question of interpretation or implementation
of the terms of this MOU, such question will be first referred
for settlement to the appropriate officials designated, respectively,
by the NASA Administrator and the President of the CSA. The Parties
recognize that in the case of a question which requires consideration
by another partner, the consultations will be broadened so as
to include appropriate officials designated, respectively, by
the ESA Director General, the Minister of State for Science and
Technology of Japan, and/or the RSA General Director.
18.3. Any question of interpretation or implementation of the
terms of this MOU which has not been settled in accordance with
Article 18.2 will be referred for settlement to the NASA Administrator
and the President of CSA. The Parties recognize that in case of
a question which requires consideration by another partner the
matter will also be referred to the Director General of ESA, the
Minister of State for Science and Technology of Japan and/or the
RSA General Director.
18.4. Any issues arising out of this MOU not satisfactorily settled
through consultation pursuant to this Article may be pursued in
accordance with Article 23 of the Intergovernmental Agreement.
18.5. Unless otherwise agreed between NASA and CSA, implementation
of decisions made pursuant to mechanisms provided for in this
MOU will not be held in abeyance pending settlement of issues
under this Article, except as provided in Articles 7.1.d and 8.1.b.
19.1. Pursuant to the Arrangement Concerning Application of the
Intergovernmental Agreement Pending its Entry Into Force, which
became effective on January 29, 1998, this MOU will become effective
after signature of both the NASA Administrator or his designee
and the President of CSA or his designee, upon written notification
by the governments to each other that all procedures necessary
for its entry into force have been completed.
19.2. Pending the entry into force of the Intergovernmental Agreement
for the Government of the United States and the Government of
Canada in accordance with Article 25 of the Intergovernmental
Agreement, the Parties agree, to the fullest extent possible consistent
with their domestic laws and regulations, to abide by the relevant
terms of the Intergovernmental Agreement.
19.3. If the United States or Canada withdraws from the Arrangement
Concerning Application of the Intergovernmental Agreement Pending
its Entry into Force, the corresponding Cooperating Agency will
be deemed to have withdrawn from this MOU effective from the same
date.
19.4. If the United States or Canada gives notice of withdrawal
from the Intergovernmental Agreement in accordance with Article
28 of that Agreement, the corresponding Cooperating Agency will
be deemed to have withdrawn from this MOU effective from the date
of such withdrawal.
This MOU may be amended at any time by written agreement of the
Parties. Any amendment must be consistent with the Intergovernmental
Agreement. To the extent that a provision of this MOU reflects
specific rights or obligations accepted by another partner under
other MOUs with NASA, that provision may be amended only with
the written consent of that partner.
The working language for all activities under this MOU will be
the English language and all data and information generated or
provided under this MOU will be in the English language. The foregoing
principle does not preclude the use of another language when such
use is accepted, in specific instances, as agreed by the Parties.
Upon the request of either Party, the Parties will meet for the
purpose of reviewing and promoting cooperation in the Space Station.
In the process of this review, the Parties may consider amendments
to this MOU.
DONE at Washington, D.C., in duplicate, this 29th day
of January, 1998, in the English and French languages, each text
being equally authentic.
FOR THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS FOR THE CANADIAN SPACE AGENCY:
AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION OF
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
Signed by NASA Administrator Signed by CSA President
Daniel S. Goldin William (Mac) Evans