References

Brian Arthur, “Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events,” The Economic Journal 99 (March 1969): 115–31.

Claude E. Barfield, “Technology Report: Intense Debate, Cost Cutting Precede White House Decision to Back Shuttle,” National Journal (12 August 1972): 1289–99.

John V. Becker, “The Development of Winged Reentry Vehicles, 1952–1963,” unpublished study, 57 pp., copy available in the NASA History Office’s Historical Reference Collection, Washington, DC.

Wiebe E. Bijker, Thomas P. Hughes, and Trevor Pinch, eds., The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1997). This volume contains the following particularly useful chapters for this paper: Trevor Pinch and Wiebe Bijker, “The Social Construction of Facts and Artifacts: Or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other”; Thomas Hughes, “The Evolution of Large Technological Systems”; John Law, “Technology and Heterogeneous Engineering: The Case of Portuguese Expansion”; Donald MacKenzie, “Missile Accuracy: A Case Study in the Social Processes of Technological Change.”

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Henry C. Dethloff, “The Space Shuttle’s First Flight: STS-1,” in Pamela E. Mack, ed., From Engineering Science to Big Science: The NACA and NASA Collier Trophy Research Project Winners (Washington: Government Printing Office, NASA SP-4219, 1998).

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T. A. Heppenheimer, History of the Space Shuttle, Volume I: The Decision to Build the Shuttle, 1968-1972, unpublished manuscript, copy available from the NASA History Office, Washington, DC.

William G. Holder and William D. Siuru, Jr., “Some Thoughts on Reusable Launch Vehicles,” Air University Review (November-December 1970): 51–58.

Maxwell W. Hunter II, Wayne F. Miller, and Robert M. Gray, “The Space Shuttle Will Cut Payload Costs,” Astronautics and Aeronautics 10 (June 1972): 50–58.

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Curtis Peebles, "The Origins of the U.S. Space Shuttle-2," Spaceflight 21 (December 1979): 487–92.

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Walter G. Vincenti, “The Retractable Airplane Landing Gear and the Northrop ‘Anomaly’: Variation-Selection and the Shaping of Technology,” Technology and Culture 35, No. 1 (January 1994): 1-33.

Updated April 5, 2001
Steven J. Dick, NASA Chief Historian
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