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| Designation | Date | Country | Event |
| Progress M1-11/13P | January 29 | Russia | Uncrewed logistics cargo/resupply mission to the International Space Station ISS, on a Soyuz-U rocket. |
| Rosetta | March 2 | Europe | Successful launch of ESA’s intercept mission on an Ariane-5G to Comet 67 P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko, to arrive in 2014. |
| Soyuz TMA-4/ISS-8S | April 19 | Russia | Launch of the third ISS crew rotation flight on a Soyuz-FG, bringing the Expedition 9 crew of Gennady Padalka & Michael Fincke, plus 10-day visitor André Kuipers from ESA. |
| Gravity Probe-B (GP-B) | April 20 | United States | Successful launch of NASA probe on a Delta 2 to test two predictions of Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity. |
| Progress M-49/14P | May 25 | Russia | Uncrewed logistics cargo/resupply mission to the International Space Station ISS, on a Soyuz-U rocket. |
| Aura | July 15 | United States | Launch of the 3rd major Earth Observation System (EOS) platform on a Delta 2, joining Terra and Aqua. |
| Messenger | August 3 | United States | Successful Delta 2 launch of NASA’s Mercury orbiter probe,
to arrive at the Sun’s innermost planet in March 2011. |
| Progress M-50/15P | August 11 | Russia | Uncrewed logistics cargo/resupply mission to the International Space Station ISS, on a Soyuz-U rocket. |
| EDUSAT | September 20 | India | Successful launch of India’s first operational GSLV rocket carrier, with the country’s first educational services satellite. |
| Soyuz TMA-5/ISS-9S | October 13 | Russia | Launch of the fourth ISS crew rotation flight on a Soyuz-FG, bringing the Expedition 10 crew of Leroy Chiao & Salizhan Sharipov, plus 10-day visitor Yuri Shargin from Russia. |
| Swift | November 20 | United States | Successful Delta 2 launch of NASA satellite to research interstellar gamma ray bursts (GRBs). |
| Progress M-51/16P | December 24 | Russia | Uncrewed logistics cargo/resupply mission to the International Space Station ISS, on a Soyuz-U rocket. |