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Full Transcript (below)
12. Q: If you are looking at potential, future spacecraft designs, can you have one heat shield that would provide protection to a spaceship that would sometimes enter Earth's atmosphere from a low orbit, like the Shuttle, and sometimes return to Earth at higher speeds from the Moon or Mars?
Balboni: The heat shield for the different missions, whether it be from, ah, from the Space Station down to Earth, or from the Moon down to Earth, or from all the way to Mars and then back down to Earth – the heat shield designs are going to be different because the, ah, missions are completely different, and you always want to optimize the heat shield so you don't have too much weight. Ah, so, that – and the stresses and the temperatures get much greater the further out you go – and when you're coming back from further out, ah, then the environment becomes more severe, and the heat shielding becomes, um, becomes, ah, more… The heat shield has to survive a more severe environment, the farther out you go, and the farther out you're coming back from. (44 SECONDS)